In 219 AD, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao at the Battle of Hanzhong, guan Yu sent troops from Jiangling to besiege Fancheng, defeated the Seventh Army, and temporarily shocked Huaxia, and Shu Han's career reached its peak. However, all this beauty is only a flash in the pan. Within a few months, Guan Yu was defeated.
How magnificent guan Yu wei was when he shook Huaxia! And when it is defeated, it is "the wall is pushed down by everyone, and the crowd is bound to step on it." ”
Historically, Guan Yu has been evaluated with mixed reviews.
Those sympathetic to Guan Yu attributed the loss of Jingzhou to Sun Wu's treachery and secretly attacked. More people attributed Guan Yu's defeat to his character flaws and pride.
Chen Shou commented on Guan Yu: "Yu is kind to the pawn and proud of the scholar." Guan Yu's soldiers treated the soldiers very well, but there was always a sense of pride in treating the scholars and doctors of the same level.
So is Guan Yu proud? No, in the Battle of Hanzhong, the Shu Han clique was collectively awarded the first class merit, and Guan Yu sat in Jingzhou only because of his hard work to win the commendation, as a soldier, in addition to being lonely, what else to be proud of?
Guan Yu is proud probably because of these few things in the historical data:
First, the relationship with Sun Wu was not handled well, and the arrogant divorce caused Sun Liu's relationship to deteriorate.
Sun Quan sent someone to propose to Guan Yu, but Guan Yu flatly refused, and said something unpleasant, so Sun Quan became angry.
Some people think that this is a manifestation of Guan Yu's arrogance, Sun Quan proposed to marry, what a good opportunity to improve bilateral relations. Even if Guan Yu did not agree, he should gently refuse, let alone insult the messenger.
Those who hold this view know only one and do not know the other. As far as the situation is concerned, there is nothing wrong with Guan Yu's approach.
This incident probably occurred after Zhuge Liang and others entered Shu, during the Guan Yu Dong JingZhou Incident, that is, around 215 AD. At this time, Sun Liu belonged around Jingzhou, and the contradiction had intensified. At this time, Sun Quan proposed marriage, obviously not at ease, which was a very shady trick.
At this time, most of Liu Bei's main force entered Shu, leaving only Guan Yu dong to oversee Jingzhou, with great responsibility. Sun Liu's contradictions have reached the surface, Guan Yu is stationed in Jiangling to resist Cao, and the real ones are defending Wu. Liu Bei led the troops outside, and his heart was in Jingzhou. Guan Yu, who was stationed in Jingzhou, could not have any ambiguous relations with Sun Wu's clique. Otherwise, what will Liu Bei think, I am desperately working outside, you and Sun Quan secretly communicate with the song? Don't say that Guan Yu promised to marry, even a slight hesitation would cause Liu Bei's suspicion. Therefore, at this time, Guan Yu had no choice, not only to refuse but also to refuse sternly, and there could be no ambiguity.
Second Brother Guan had read the Spring and Autumn Dayi and understood this truth very well.
Probably in a hurry, the second brother spoke bluntly, even if he said, "Tiger girl Ann can marry a dog!" "It is not an exaggeration to say things that are not heard, because you intend to be divisive and you must take a serious stand.
In fact, in 215 AD, because of the so-called borrowing of Jingzhou, the two families almost fought.
This time, I really didn't care about Guan Yu's affairs, if it wasn't for Guan Yu's restraint, I might not be able to wait for Liu Bei to return, and both sides would have fought hard. Then the two sides calmed down and began to sit down and negotiate.
He invited Yu to meet him, and each soldier and horse were stationed on a hundred steps, but the generals met with one sword.
This is the so-called "one-knife meeting".
Speaking of going to the meeting with a single knife, everyone's impression is that The second brother of Guan is bullish, "If you despise Wu Chenruo'er, you will dare to deceive with a single knife." "That heroic pride puts the Eastern Wu Qunchen in his eyes."
But guan Yu's single knife in the history of Kezheng was miserable, and the second brother did not play a role in prestige at all, but was counted down by Eastern Wu Lusu to Yizheng. The Eastern Wu version is called "Lu Su Yi Blames Guan Yu".
The scolding is ugly, take a few words to see:
Lu Su's original words were: When I was ordered to cross the river and meet you Liu Yuzhou at Changshanpo in Dangyang, at that time your soldiers were not yet a school, and cao Cao chased them had nowhere to stay, and they were extremely calculating and prepared to go far away to surrender to Cangwu Taishou Wuju. The lord of my family sees that you are pitiful and have no place to live, so he would rather give up his land and his subjects and lend You Jingzhou to live. And you, who now have Xichuan, still want to rely on Jingzhou not to pay back, debts and debts, such things, ordinary people can't stand it, let alone our wise Lord Wu!
"Hit someone in the face, pick up people without revealing them." Lu Su both punched his face and exposed it, shaking out Liu Bei's past troubles.
Where can I bear it! The second brother probably had to draw eighty-three pounds of the Green Dragon Sword, but he still resisted.
Yu couldn't answer. In the face of Lu Su's sarcastic accusations, Guan Yu did not say a word.
The second brother instigated? But I can beat you! The knife can't be done.
At this time, Sun Liu's relationship has reached the point where it may be a gun at any time, and the overall situation is important. Mr. Lu Su, as the guarantor of The Borrowed Jingzhou, also under great pressure, until Lu Su's death, Sun Quan was still grumpy about this matter.
Is this a sign of pride? As an employee, he can only stick to the bottom line given by Boss Liu, and his attitude is almost humble.
Subsequently, the two families agreed to divide Jingzhou together, bounded by Xiangshui; east of Changsha, Jiangxia, and Guiyang; and west of NanJun, Lingling, and Wuling.
It is reported that after that, Zhuge Jin sent envoys to Shu and met with his brother Liang Dan guild and retired to the unselfish face.
Zhuge Liang's brothers did not dare to meet in private, and Guan Yu dared to have anything to do with Sun Wu.
Second, the first lord of Western Dingyi Prefecture, Bai Yu Dong oversaw the affairs of Jingzhou. Guan Yu heard that Ma Chao had come and gone, and the old man was not a deceased person, writing a book with Zhuge Liang, and wanted to enter Shu and compete with Ma Chao.
Liu Bei's attitude towards Ma Chao was consistent and jealous.
After all, Ma Chao used to be Haojie who sat on the hegemonic side of the 100,000-strong army, and surrendering to Liu Bei was a last resort. Liu Bei was both willing to woo Ma Chao and weak-hearted.
Ma Chao is extremely famous in Xiliang, and has the reputation of "Jinyi Ma Chao", just like the CEO of a large company that has collapsed, jumping ship to a small company, it is inevitable that he will be disappointed. Liu Bei's appearance is bright, but in fact he can't hide the shabbiness, he has two large pieces of land in Jingzhou and Yizhou, but Jingzhou is borrowed, the owner is urging to return, Yizhou is just stolen, and the officials are not attached. Liu Bei wants to show the strength of the group in front of Ma Chao and let Ma Chao feel at ease.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has a wonderful description:
Liu Bei and Ma Chao had just returned to the city, and people reported that there were enemy soldiers arriving, and Zhao Yun said: "A certain person is willing to capture these two people!" "Words, get on the horse and lead the army out." Xuan De waited for Ma Chao to eat wine in the city. Before the seat was settled, Zilong had beheaded the two of them and offered them before the feast. Ma Chao was also shocked and doubly respected.
Zhao Yun, who has always been low-key, was unusual, deliberately showing off his strength in front of Ma Chao, and Ma Chao was shocked.
This must have been liu Bei's instructions, letting Ma Chao see that Shu Han was not empty. There are so many admirals that there is no shortage of you.
In the same way, it can also explain why Guan Yu disobeyed Ma Chao. It is also a small trick of Liu Bei Group to suppress Ma Chao. Guan Yuzhen guarded Jingzhou and could not enter Shu. The so-called contest between the two can only be an air dialogue.
If Guan Yu's move was a manifestation of pride, wouldn't Zhao Yun be prouder than him?
Third, Guan Yu heard that Huang Zhong was ranked side by side with himself as the generals of the four sides, and angrily said, "The eldest husband will not be listed with the veterans in the end!" "I refuse to be worshipped.
Judging from this point alone, Guan Yu did something a bit excessive. But the detailed antecedents and consequences of this matter are as follows:
Huang Zhong made great contributions to the key battle of Dingjun Mountain.
After Liu Bei ascended the throne of Hanzhong, he made the four generals of the four sides. It is generally believed that Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are Liu Beiyuan's subordinates, and they have repeatedly made military achievements, and they each occupy a quota, when there is no objection. Although Ma Chao was a demotion general, with his prestige in Liangzhou, he should occupy a single seat, and the remaining quota was Zhao Yun's highest voice.
Zhao Yun is also Liu Beiyuan Cong, far away from Changbanpo, close to Western Shu, new and old merits are many, how should there be a quota.
However, Liu Bei unexpectedly awarded Huang Zhong the last post-general' quota. This caused a lot of controversy and dissatisfaction, especially the original subordinate of Liu Bei's group. Zhuge Liang first stood up and spoke, exhorting: "The reputation of loyalty is not Guan and Ma Zhilunye." And now it is the same. Ma and Zhang are close, and they can still refer to their merits with their own eyes; guan Yaoyao, when he hears about it, is afraid that he will not be pleased, and he will be indispensable! "
Zhuge Liang first made it clear that it was inappropriate for Huang Zhong to be listed as a general of the Four Directions, and that Huang Zhong's qualifications could not be compared with Guan and Zhang. Then, Zhuge Liang played a small trick and said: "Ma Chao and Zhang Fei are now in Hanzhong, they have personally seen Huang Zhong's great merits in killing Xiahou Yuan at Dingjun Mountain, and they can still enlighten and explain to them, but Guan Yu is in Jingzhou, and I am afraid that I will not be happy after hearing about it, so it should not be inappropriate for us to do so." ”
Guan Yu is the oldest qualified, and he is also the head of the four generals who have been awarded this time, Zhuge Liang hinted at Guan Yu, the second brother, it is time for you to come out and speak!
In fact, Liu Bei's sealing of Huang Zhong and not sealing Zhao Yun were also bitter. Those who have been leaders know that they cannot give all the benefits to their own people, Huang Zhong has made so much merit in Dingjun Mountain, it is not appropriate not to seal it, and sealing a Huang Zhong can encourage many latecomers. The subsequent Wei Yan is an example. However, here Zhao Yun and others also need to be appeased.
Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "I personally explained it to Guan Yu. ”
Liu Bei choreographed a good play:
Sima Qian, the former sima of The Prefecture of Yizhou, granted Guan Yu the seal of Fei Shi, and the poem was called Yu Yue: "Those who establish the king's business are not used in one." Xi Xiao, Cao and Gao Zu were young and close to the old, while Chen and Han arrived after their deaths; in terms of their ranks, Han was the most in line, and Xiao and Cao did not hear that Xiao and Cao complained about it. The king of Hanzhong now reveres the Han Chamber with a momentary feat; the weight of the meaning, it is better to be with the prince! And the king and the prince are one and the same, and the same is the same, and the misfortunes and blessings are shared. It is foolish to say that a prince should not count the height of the official title, and the number of knights is also meaning..." Yu Da was enlightened, and he was worshipped. ———— "Zizhi Tongjian"
When Guan Yu saw Mr. Fei Shi coming, he immediately understood and said, "The eldest husband will not be in the same line with the veterans!" words.
Fei Shi began to persuade Guan Yu that in the past, Xiao He and Cao Shen were the original followers of Han Gaozu, while Chen Ping and Han Xin were latecomers, but when discussing the shift, Han Xin was at the top, and he had never heard that Xiao He and Cao Shen had any complaints about this. Now the King of Hanzhong is committed to the revival of the Han Dynasty, and you and the King of Hanzhong are one and the same, and you should not count how many officials are high and low...
Isn't that right?
Even if Huang Zhong was made a rear general, his rank was also below that of the former general Guan Yu, and Guan Yu's official title and knighthood were definitely higher than Huang Zhong's. Isn't there something inappropriate about Fei Shiju's story of Xiao He, Cao Shan, and Han Xin?
Fei Shi's words didn't sound like he was saying them to Guan Yu, he was obviously taking the opportunity to appease Zhao Yun and others.
Guan Yu made such a fuss, which greatly reduced the pressure on Liu Bei. For Huang Zhong, the Hanzhong King forced himself to stand up to the crowd and appointed himself under pressure, what reason was there not to do his best? For Zhao Yun, the good eldest brother Guan Yu had come out to complain to himself, and the King of Hanzhong regarded himself as a close confidant, what else to say.
Everyone rejoiced, and there was great unity within the Shuhan Group.
Unfortunately, it was Guan Yu who carried the pot again, and out of thin air fell a proud solid hammer evidence.