The Battle of Changping was a battle that left its name in history, and it was one of the most influential battles in both the Warring States period and even in the entire feudal history. The strength of Qin and Zhao was equal, and the famous generals had their own strengths, but the Zhao state eventually lost more than 450,000 troops, defeated Changping, and since then it has been stagnant and gradually disappeared in the long river of history.
For the Battle of Changping, why did Zhao Guo lose, and what was the reason?
First of all, to introduce the background of the times, during the Warring States period, Fan Ju proposed a "long-distance and close-range attack" strategy for King Zhaoxiang of Qin. This strategy meant making friends with the distant Qi and Chu countries and attacking the three kingdoms of Han, Zhao, and Wei, which were closer to the Qin state.
In 262 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin sent the general Bai Qi to lead an army to launch a fierce attack on Korea, capturing Shangdang County (上 dang郡, in present-day Changzhi, Shanxi).
Shou Fengting of Shangdang County, Korea, was reluctant to surrender to Qin, so he sent emissaries to request surrender to the State of Zhao.
King Xiaocheng of Zhao promised to send an army to Shangdang for the sake of the seventeen cities in Shangdang County.
In order to save face, in 260 BC, Qin Zhaoxiang sent Zuo Shuchang Wang Gong to lead troops to attack shangdang again and surround shangdang.
When King Xiaocheng of Zhao learned of the news, he immediately sent the famous general Lian Po to lead an army of 200,000 troops to rescue Shangdang. However, by the time the Zhao army reached Changping, Shangdang had already been captured by the Qin army. Since, the Battle of Changping began here. At the beginning, the Qin state had a white god of war, and the Zhao state had a lianpo town guard, according to this plot, the military strength of the two countries is equal to each other, it will be a chess game, then, how can the Zhao army fail, how can it lose 450,000 troops?
First of all, Wang Gong of the Qin army could not break through the incorruptible army, so he returned to China to react to the situation like the King of Qin. Fan Ju, the minister of the State of Qin, gave a counter-plan: saying that Zhao Guolianbo was old and could not lead his troops to fight, but he touted Zhao Kuo as a poor soldier and a good fighter. In the end, Zhao Guo replaced the famous general Lian po and let Zhao Kuo, who had never fought before, go up to defend the city.
Secondly, when the Zhao army changed generals, the Qin army also changed Bai Qi as a general. Zhao Kuo would only talk on paper, would not be flexible, and was white with a little scheming, he cut off the Zhao army for 46 days, and Zhao Kuo was eventually shot by a random arrow. At the end of the Battle of Changping, Bai Qi felt that the soldiers of the Zhao State were capricious, so he ordered all 450,000 soldiers of the Zhao State to be killed.
Moreover, King Xiaocheng of Zhao did not listen to the good words of his loyalists, misbehaved the gossip, and replaced the general Lian po, which was the mistake of the leader and the reason for the defeat of this battle.
In short, in the Battle of Changping, the defeat of the Zhao state is a fact, and the rise of the Qin state is also a fact. From a battle, we should learn: we can't do things on paper, and we need to trust each other's teammates. Only in this way can we not lose and stand out.
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