From August 20 to December 15, 1940, Peng Dehuai, Zuo Quan commanded more than 400,000 people in 105 regiments of the Eighth Route Army to kill and wound more than 20,000 Japanese troops in North China, more than 5,000 puppet troops, 17,000 casualties in various units of the Eighth Route Army, and more than 20,000 poisoned. The Battle of the Hundred Regiments greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of the people of the whole country for the War of Resistance, boosted the confidence of the whole country in the War of Resistance, and also cooperated with the frontal battlefield operations of the Kuomintang army, restraining a large number of Japanese troops from going south.
After the End of the Hundred Regiments War, Chiang Kai-shek commended the merits of the Eighth Route Army, but Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of the speed of the Eighth Route Army's development. At the beginning of the All-out War of Resistance in 1937, the Eighth Route Army had only 45,000 men in three divisions, plus the remaining troops in northern Shaanxi and some units that had not entered the organization, a total of only 50,000 or 60,000 people, but in just four years, the Eighth Route Army had grown to a huge scale of 500,000 people, not counting the New Fourth Army that was later formed, and Luo Ronghuan's Eighth Route Army troops in Shandong. In the face of the Eighth Route Army and the vigorous development of the New Fourth Army throughout the country, Chiang Kai-shek began to point the spearhead at the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and began to carry out frequent frictions.
On October 19, 1940, Chiang Kai-shek asked He Yingqin and Bai Chongxi, in the name of the chief and deputy chief of staff of the Military Commission of the National Government, to send a telegram to Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief, and Ye Ting, commander of the New Fourth Army, demanding that the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and other units of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which were resisting the war in the north and south of the Great River, all of them should go to the area north of the Yellow River within a month, and reorganize the 500,000 Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army into 100,000 troops.
In response to Chiang Kai-shek's unreasonable demand, the generals of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army refuted it, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered Tang Enbo, Li Pinxian, Han Deqin, Gu Zhu and others to send troops to fight against the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and launched frequent attacks. On December 9, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order that the New Fourth Army south of the Yangtze River should march to the area north of the Yangtze River by December 31, the Eighth Route Army south of the Yellow River, and the new Fourth Army troops to the area north of the Yellow River by January 30, 1941. On December 10, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of the Third Theater, and Shangguan Yunxiang, commander-in-chief of the 32nd Group Army, to secretly mobilize troops to prepare for the encirclement and annihilation of the New Fourth Army.
In order to take into account the overall situation, avoid the self-depletion of China's national defense forces, and create an opportunity for the Japanese army to take advantage of, the New Fourth Army had better move north. On January 4, 1941, more than 9,000 people from the New Fourth Army headquarters and directly subordinate units who were ordered to move north set off from yunling, where they were stationed, to detour north. On January 6, when the New Fourth Army was marching to the Maolin area of Jing County, Anhui Province, it was suddenly besieged by more than 80,000 Kuomintang troops in seven divisions commanded by Gu Zhutong and Shangguan Yunxiang, and the New Fourth Army suffered heavy losses in this battle, the commander Ye Ting was detained, the deputy commander Xiang Ying, and the chief of staff Zhou Zikun were killed.
The defeat in southern Anhui dealt a great blow to the New Fourth Army, but in this battle, one person led his troops to successfully break through, and he was Fu Qiutao. At the time of the Anhui Incident, Fu Qiutao served as the commander of the first column of the New Fourth Army, and after being ambushed by the Kuomintang army, the radio station of the first column was destroyed and lost contact with the military headquarters, Fu Qiutao resolutely called a meeting of cadres, formulated a breakthrough plan in a very short time, ordered all units to break through, and finally more than 2,000 people in the first column successfully broke through, retaining the backbone of the rebuilding of the New Fourth Army. However, the New Fourth Army headquarters lost the best opportunity to break through because of the disagreement between the commander Ye Ting and the deputy commander Xiang Ying, causing a later tragedy. In 1955, Fu Qiutao was awarded the rank of general.