The storms at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty were mainly concentrated in the disputes between the forces of many warlords and princes, and in the later stages of development, there were three remaining princes of all walks of life, namely the Cao family Wei state that occupied the entire north and the central plains, the Sun family Eastern Wu, which occupied the southeast and most of the south, and the Liu family Shu Han who occupied the southwest, but the battle was fought until now, not only the entire central plains were scorched earth, but more importantly, too many people died
According to an analysis of the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the return of the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, the population of China was sharply reduced by nearly ten million, which shows that the damage of war to the country is extreme. So after the establishment of the Three Kingdoms, how did the top three countries engage in domestic construction? And what are the ways for the three companies to raise military funds?
Let's first talk about Cao Wei, the State of Wei was the three Zhengda Guangming from the Han Dynasty Emperor Xiandi to take over the throne, so the Cao clan is the orthodox dynasty of the Three Kingdoms period, the other two are the separatist forces; and Cao Wei to Cao Pi's generation, just slowly recovered from the great wounds of the Battle of Chibi, and the Central Plains is the area with the heaviest losses in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, not to mention the limited agricultural development, even commerce has been fought for a long time can not be restored.
Coupled with the fact that some unscrupulous warlords directly robbed merchants and peasants of their private property, this chaotic warlord situation made countless Chinese and atomic people miserable; or it was the two central economic zones of Luoyang and Chang'an, because of the burning and looting of Dong Zhuo and some warlords under him, the economies of the two regions had long been completely paralyzed, let alone driving the economy of the Central Plains.
Cao Cao had to use it as a last resort
Xuchang
As the new capital, this is also because Chang'an and Luoyang are no longer used, a scorched earth, and the population is only less than 100,000 people; so how should Cao Wei face these situations, how should they build domestically?
The Cao Wei tun field system solved the grain problem
The first thing Cao needs to solve is the problem of soldiers' military expenses and food, and if they can not use national taxes, they will not use them
, Cao Cao implemented the Tun Tian system
To a certain extent, it alleviated the problem of soldiers' food and military expenses, and also eased the people's breath; the tun tian system is to squeeze out part of the soldiers' usual training time for cultivated land to achieve a state of self-sufficiency.
And the tun tian system also stipulates that soldiers can bring relatives to the station, and the garrison will build a special living area for these relatives to live, where relatives can cultivate the land, and the harvest is directly handed over to the troops for half, and the other half is used by themselves, which directly makes most of the army's expenses separate from the state's expenses.
And the following is the population statistics and population allocation of the states, the area of Jizhou, which suffered less from war, when Cao Cao attacked Jizhou, he unexpectedly found that there were 300,000 households left in the whole of Jizhou, you know this is a big state, from this point of view, Cao Cao hated him very much after defeating Yuan Shao, there is a reason, he feels that Jizhou may be the place where he has achieved hegemony, who knows that Jizhou was made into this ghost by Yuan Shao.
Therefore, Jizhou is sparsely populated, is a good place in Tuntian, Jizhou developed to the middle and late Period of Cao Wei, the population and economy returned to the scale, which is actually the economic development of Tuntian, Tuntian grain quality is high, the price is not expensive, so Tuntian grain has become a very popular rice grain at that time.
Support commerce and invigorate the economy
Cao Wei's support for merchants is still very large, so because Cao Wei's surroundings are foreign nationalities, Dawei actively encouraged merchants to go to the western regions and the north and foreign tribes to trade, not only that, Dawei also encouraged merchants to take the initiative to trade with Eastern Wu and Shu Han, under this enlightened commercial policy, The economic development of Great Wei is extremely rapid, and it can even be said that Great Wei used money to buy grain and ore resources from Shu Han and Eastern Wu.
And once the war began, the money in the hands of shu han and eastern Wu merchants would have to be greatly depreciated, and therefore, the merchants of the two countries would quickly spend the money after learning the news of the war, but the merchants of Great Wei were not stupid, they were informed by the government that the news was about to be carried out, and once they knew that it was about to be launched, they would suppress the currency, so that the merchants of the Shu and Han and Eastern Wu countries would lose their money.
During the reign of Great Wei, it was mainly the two major economic constructions of the Tuntian system and the support of commerce.
So how was Great Wei's military spending raised? You must know that fighting wars in a chaotic world depends on money; Cao Cao's history of making a fortune is somewhat unbearable, and this unbearable has been with him until his death. In order to pull up the army with money, Cao Cao did not hesitate to take people to rob the tomb, take out all the valuable things in the tombs of others, and then exchange them for grain, which led to the rise of Cao Cao.
From Cao Cao to Cao Pi and Cao Rui, the three generations of grandchildren, all set up a special department for tomb robbery, and this department has a nice name: "Lieutenant Touching Gold". It is said that Cao Pi of the Great Wei Dynasty once fought against Eastern Wu, and most of the military expenses were provided by Lieutenant Tujin. Later, when Cao Cao had the scale, he was supported by the family clan, so he began to collect taxes, so he relied on tomb robbery to create a foundation and strengthen himself by territory.
Dongwu squeezed cheap labor
Looking at what the economic construction of the Eastern Wu regime is like, the foundation industry founded by Eastern Wu was basically laid down by Sun Quan's elder brother, and by Sun Quan's generation, the Foundation of Jiangdong has been very stable; and there are very few wars in jiangdong, and coupled with the humid and rainy climate characteristics, the cultivation of melons, fruits and grain in jiangdong is extremely rich.
In addition, there are salt producing areas in Jiangdong, and the water transportation of Eastern Wu is very convenient, and the goods are successfully sent to Shu Han and Dawei through the Yangtze River and Jiangnan Canal, so the financial development of Jiangdong is very powerful; more importantly, Eastern Wu has free and cheap labor!
This is very important, the South Vietnamese in the north and south of Eastern Wu are the cheap labor force in the hands of the Eastern Wu regime, because the Level of Combat of the South Vietnamese is extremely poor, and the population is still quite large, and when the Eastern Wu has no money, they run to South Vietnam to loot resources, and later when they grab South Vietnam, there is no place to squeeze, and the Eastern Wu directly plunders their labor.
Later, after occupying the South Vietnamese region, Eastern Wu's policy toward the indigenous people was to support the nobles and squeeze the commoners; by supporting the indigenous aristocratic class of South Vietnam, giving them some benefits, and obtaining a large number of free labor or cheap labor through them, which was extremely beneficial to the Three Kingdoms period when the population was sharply reduced.
The warrior clan was the main force in raising military expenses
This was not done by Great Wei, which was also because the foreign races in the north and west of Great Wei were not easy to provoke, and it was cavalry combat at every turn, which Great Wei could not afford to consume; plus Eastern Wu was the first regime to open colonies, and they colonized Hainan and part of Vietnam at that time by sea, so the economic level of Eastern Wu was actually very high.
However, the Eastern Wu regime has a flaw, that is, the family clan has mastered the lifeblood of the country, and the above-mentioned economic advantages have been taken to death by the Jiangdong Shi clan, and therefore, the Eastern Wu regime cannot rectify the Shi clan, it can be said that if The Eastern Wu wants to fight abroad, it depends on the eyes of the Shi clan, although The Eastern Wu is very rich, but the government is actually very poor.
Eastern Wu's military expenses are actually provided by the warrior clan, the warrior clan feels that this battle can be fought, there are benefits for them, then you king said to fight, we do not say two words to give money to contribute, which is why the Eastern Wu against Wei, always small scale of the main reason, not no source of soldiers, but the shi clan to give too little money, directly affecting the scale of the war. The largest families in Eastern Wu are the Lu family and the Lu family, and the talents from these two families are Lu Su and Lu Xun, but these two people are not the people in their families, they can only be regarded as a generation of politicians in contact with the two families, and the actual control is still in the hands of the patriarch.
In the early days of the Shu Han Dynasty, it let go of the seizure of the Yizhou Treasury
Finally, talking about the Shu Han regime, speaking of the Shu Han regime, it is full of regrets, the development of Shu Han is getting worse and worse, Liu Bei is responsible for part of the responsibility; in fact, Yizhou's initial development is still relatively good, although Liu Zhang is not a good thing, but he rarely squeezes the people of Yizhou, under the leadership of Liu Zhang, the living standards of the people of Yizhou are good.
However, Liu Bei's arrival made all this change; after Liu Bei entered Sichuan, he set off the Battle of Yizhou, and the battle itself was actually nothing wrong, that is, Liu Bei wanted Yizhou, but Liu Bei made a serious mistake after taking down Yizhou, he indulged his subordinates to plunder the capital of Yizhou, you must know that the money in this is the cost of regional construction and expenditure that needed to be spent in that year, but Liu Bei gave it to his subordinates with a hot brain, which is good, it is easy to give money and it is difficult to ask for money.
Liu Bei waited to sit firmly in Yizhou, he unexpectedly found that he had no money to use, and Liu Zhang, the old man, put the money in the treasury, and other places were stunned that they did not hide money at all, which made Liu Bei regret it very much, and later after laying down Hanzhong, he did not let his hands go down and plunder, and opened the treasury with great anticipation, and he was stunned, and the money was moved away by Cao Cao, so Shu Han was initially very poor, just because Liu Bei made this mistake.
Zhuge Liang used resources to revitalize state-owned enterprises, and The financial strength of Shu Han greatly increased
At first, Yizhou relied on Jingzhou's support for a few years before it eased up, and the real development of the Shu Han economy still depended on Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang was a great talent in governing the country, he was stunned that he had brought shu Han a bad game of chess to life, Zhuge Liang took advantage of Yizhou's characteristics, vigorously developed agricultural products adapted to local conditions, and vigorously developed ore resources and warhorse Shu jin, Zhuge Liang spent many years to get Shu Han's finances from deficit to every year with surplus money.
The way to raise military expenses in Shu Han is actually to rely on the way the government controls the key commercial departments to raise money, such as Shu Jin, Zhuge Liang stipulates that the state specifically integrates the market in this regard, but only integrates, does not intervene, through integration to obtain a part of the tax, this part of the tax is income outside the tax, and the ore industry is completely controlled by the government, so the military expenses of the Shu Han are actually supplied by the state-owned industry.
end
Three countries and three economic construction systems, of course, The Great Wei successfully developed into a behemoth by relying on the population base and the economic center of gravity, while although Eastern Wu had made achievements, it was helpless that its military strength was still not enough to unify the world, and eventually withdrew from the stage of the Three Kingdoms struggle for hegemony; although Shu Han prided itself on being the orthodox of the Han Dynasty, it was trapped by the small place of Yizhou, and trapped itself alive, although it could be self-sufficient, but it absolutely did not have the strength to unify the world.