The Zen system has generally been evaluated more than praised in Chinese history. Leaving aside the ancient Zen Concessions, Wang Mang's usurpation of han was carried out under the banner of Zen Concessions. It is a precedent for completing the transfer of power in a bloodless way. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, marked by Cao Pi's usurpation of the Han Dynasty, the Zen system had become a fig leaf for usurping power and seizing the throne. As a means of power transfer, Zen Rang became a routine operation to beautify the power grabbers, establish an image of benevolence and righteousness, and ensure the legitimacy of the regime.
Before the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zen Concession was still able to treat the abdicated monarchs of the previous dynasty kindly. In 220 AD, Cao Pi accepted the Zen concession and made Liu Xie the Duke of Shanyang, allowing han dynasty costumes and ceremonies to be retained for 14 years. Liu Xie died at the age of 54, and he actually lived longer than Cao Pi. At that time, the Emperor cao Rui of the State of Wei personally came to the sacrifice, and it can be said that there is a beginning and an end. It is worth mentioning that the Han Dynasty has existed in name only since the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and Cao Cao turned to the north and south to finally welcome the Han Tianzi in Xuchang, and single-handedly continued the life of the Han Dynasty for 24 years. In the face of the persuasion of the crowd, Meng Degong considered that he had been a courtier of the Han Dynasty all his life, and when he was a soldier in his youth, he took kuangfu Han room as his responsibility and compared himself to King Wen of Zhou. Throughout his life, he regarded himself as the general Cao Hou of the Han Dynasty and did not do zen concessions.
The kindness of Cao Pi and Cao Rui's father and son towards the former emperors was rewarded 45 years later. Three generations of the Sima clan went forward to follow, bathed in blood, and finally completed the handover of power with a Zen concession ceremony. In 265, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, and his grandfather Sima Yi served the Cao family for 38 years as the governor of the capital. He made Emperor Cao of Wei the Prince of Chenliu the Prince of Chenliu, ate ten thousand households, and resettled Yecheng. In particular, he was allowed to use the Tianzi banner, still adhering to the Wei state Zhengshuo, and the suburban ritual system was still implemented in accordance with the Wei period. He also enjoyed the treatment of not being a subject or being commanded to prostrate himself. But in terms of the ending, it can be said that it is the best among the kings of the fallen kingdoms in the past. After Cao Wan's abdication, he lived for another 37 years until his death at the age of 58, and the jin monarchs were buried according to the imperial rites. At that time, Sima Yan, the Emperor of Jinwu, had been dead for 12 years.
The country and mountains have metabolism, and the exchanges have become ancient and modern. Whether it is the Cao family or the Sima family, the change of power is a peaceful handover, and the treatment of the former monarch is also benevolent and righteous. This more civilized approach has changed since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Almost overnight, Zen between dynastic changes suddenly turned bloody. The lives of abdicated monarchs could not be saved, the royal family was killed, and the use of means became more and more cruel. The initiator of this bad beginning was Liu Yu, emperor of the Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty.
In 420, liu yu, a general of the Jin dynasty, accepted Zen concessions. The capital jiankang, the national name Song, the historical name Liu Song. Liu Yuqi joined the famous Northern Province Army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty from the end of the micro,000 years ago, and held a high position step by step with military merit. In particular, it played a decisive role in the Huanxuan Rebellion and contributed greatly to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, only 3 months after accepting Chan Rang, Liu Yu ordered sima Dewen, the last emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to be smothered with a quilt, which was disgraceful. Sima Dewen was a very clever and rational emperor, and he had always been obedient in the face of Liu Yu's aggressiveness. When he was forced to give way, he gladly accepted it, personally copied the edict, and said to the left and right: "At the time of Huan Xuan, the Jin clan had no world, and it was re-extended by Liu Gong for twenty years; today's events, this institute is willing." Even if he was meek, he did not escape Liu Yu's poisonous hands, and Liu Yu's behavior had a bad impact on future generations. As Hu Sansheng said: "Since then, the king of Zen has rarely attained everything." This tragic historical conclusion began to circulate from Liu Yu's descendants.
Although Liu Yu was a man of great talent, his descendants were not as good as a generation, and the behavior of several successive emperors was ridiculous. Less than 60 years before Liu Yu established the state, in April 479, the general Xiao Daocheng accepted the Song Shun Emperor Chan to establish the State of Qi. Ironically, when Xiao Daocheng led the army of Wang Jingze into the palace, Liu Zhun, who had a premonition that the situation was not good, said to Wang Jingze: Are you ready to kill me? Wang Jing said: Let you live in another palace. Your family previously replaced the Sima family in the same way. Liu Zhun understood that there was no possibility of survival, so he said in tears: "I wish to be born in the next life, and never to give birth to the imperial family again!" In May 479, the 13-year-old Shun Emperor died. I don't know how Liu Yu will feel when he sees his descendants like this. Heaven is clear, the cycle of retribution is true.