The Qing Dynasty was the last authoritarian feudal dynasty in China's development history, and it was also an inseparable development wheel in China's development history. Because a series of events above modern times are almost inseparable from the Qing Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it gradually laid its own rule and established a clan system in Asia. During the Qianlong period, after three generations of unremitting efforts, the Qing Dynasty finally defused the turmoil in the northwest region and eradicated the powerful Dzungar rule.
So, after that, how did the Qianlong Emperor establish a system of clans against the Central Asian countries? The Qing Dynasty further expanded its own clan system on the basis of the Ming Dynasty clan system. However, the Qing dynasty never established a clan system for Central Asian countries. During the early period of Qing rule, the Mongol Dzungar region began to expand its territory on a large scale. After unifying the various tribes of the western Part of the Mongols, it began to continue to expand into the southern and northern regions of the Mongols, thus engaging in a long and fierce battle against the Qing Dynasty. From 1690 onwards, in the early days of the Kangxi rulers, the Dzungars fought with the Qing Dynasty.
In 1760, during the Qianlong period, the Qing Dynasty finally pacified the Dzungars and controlled the entire northwest region. With the fall of the Dzungars, the Qing Dynasty began to establish its own clan system with Central Asian countries, such as the Kazakh Khanate and Kokand. After the Qing Dynasty established a clan system with the Central Asian countries, the Qianlong Emperor gradually increased his influence on the Central Asian countries. During a tribute, the leader of the Kazakh Khanate asked the Qing dynasty to allow its tribes to enter the western part of the Qing Dynasty to herd sheep and cattle.
The Qianlong Emperor was very disgusted by this request, and directly said: "The range of Grazing in Kazakhstan is quite common. It would be appropriate to keep your old borders, and you would not fail to consider the liberalization of grazing areas without considering approval. A few years later, Kazakhs again demanded that the Qing Dynasty "reward" the Kazakh Khanate for some areas within the Qing territory, because as a pastoral-based country, the vast playgrounds and natural resources of the Qing Dynasty were still very attractive to these countries.
The kazakh tribes' demands made the Qianlong Emperor furious. The Qianlong Emperor sternly rebuked him in his instructions: "This is an act of arrogance, and I will not tolerate it." It can be seen that the Qianlong Emperor had his own guidelines and bottom line on the territorial issue of the Qing Dynasty. In the steps of antagonism between the Central Asian states, the Qianlong Emperor was a "defender", and as the ruler of China and the suzerainty of Central Asia, mediating the confrontation between his own vassal states strengthened his prestige. Until the emergence of the powerful Khanate of Kokand in Central Asia, it constantly sent troops to attack the surrounding countries, captured the vast area of Erdena, and plundered a large number of sheep, cattle and populations.
In the face of the mighty Khan of Kokand, the small states of Central Asia were unable to resist at all, and could only ask the suzerainty of the Qing Dynasty to mediate. After the Qianlong Emperor sent officials to Central Asia to investigate and confirm the behavior of the Kokand Khanate, the Qing Dynasty began to impose "economic sanctions" on the Kokand Khanate. The opportunity for the Kokand Khanate to pay tribute in Beijing was suspended, and the Kokand Khanate was strictly forbidden to engage in commercial trade with the northwestern Qing Dynasty.
Kokand needs to exchange sheep and cattle for Porcelain, Textiles and other props from the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty's "economic sanctions" had a great impact on the State of Kokand. The Qing Dynasty's "economic sanctions" continued for decades, and Kokand fell into an economic crisis. It was not until the end of the Qianlong Dynasty that the Qing Dynasty resumed commercial trade with the Kokand Khanate. From another point of view, the Qing Dynasty, based on various ideas and factors, implemented a way of co-opting a group of Central Asian countries and cracking down on a number of clan ties.
The Central Asian countries associated with the Qing dynasty's clans generated real economic income. Under the authorization of the Qing Dynasty, merchants from Central Asian countries could transfer to the northwest of the Qing Dynasty to carry out commercial trade and be exempted from commercial taxes. This is attractive to Central Asian countries. After all, the land and population of the Qing Dynasty were placed there, and it was a big cake. The northwest and Central Asia of the Qing Dynasty did not establish a complete border defense line, and the herds of the Central Asian countries often transferred to the northwest frontier of the Qing Dynasty.
The generals stationed in the northwest of the Qing Dynasty advocated harsh blows. However, the Qianlong Emperor said that after the officers and soldiers found out and blamed it, they could rush back and there was no need to be too harsh. Horse bandits of various types often appear in Central Asian countries, robbing farmers' cattle and sheep, resulting in huge losses. Qing dynasty soldiers on duty once hunted down a gang of more than a dozen horse bandits. Except for the decision to kill the chieftain, the rest of the horse bandits were left to the disposal of the Central Asian countries.
According to the Qianlong Emperor's philosophy, he needed to establish a complete system of clans in the Qing Dynasty and Central Asia through his own so-called heavenly favors, suppression, and specific distribution of benefits. Thanks to the efforts of the Qianlong Emperor, the vassal state system of the Qing Dynasty and the Central Asian states was finally laid. However, after the failure of many wars of resistance to invasion at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty was declining day by day, and it was difficult to maintain its clan system in the face of a series of internal and external troubles. In particular, the countries of Central Asia have become the fat of the great powers, and even the role of Agubai has emerged.