Aisin Jueluo Dolgon (November 17, 1612 – December 31, 1650) was an important politician and military strategist in the early Qing Dynasty, the fourteenth son of Nurhachi, and the younger brother of Huang Taiji. He played a crucial role in the Qing Dynasty's accession to the Central Plains, and here are some of his key biographies:
1. **Early Experience**: Dolgon was born in Hetuala, the fourteenth son of the Qing Emperor Nurhachi, and the younger brother of the Qing Emperor Taiji.
2. **Military Achievement**: In 1635, Dolgon led his army to capture the remnants of the Mongol Lin Dan Khan and obtain the jade seal of the Yuan Dynasty, which was a notable achievement in his military career.
3. **Political Status**: After Huang Taiji became emperor, he named Dolgon Prince Heshuorui, showing his important position in the court.
4. **Auxiliary and Regent**: After the death of Huang Taiji, Dolgon and Zilharang assisted Emperor Shunzhi and became the de facto rulers of the Central Plains.
5. **Unification of the whole country**: In 1644, Dolgon commanded troops into the pass, defeated Li Zicheng's peasant army, and sent troops to the south of the Yangtze River to destroy the Hongguang Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and gradually established the rule of the Qing Dynasty over the whole country.
6. **Policy and Resistance**: Dolgon implemented a series of policies, such as enclosing land, forcing people to surrender, forcibly shaving their hair and changing clothes, and imposing fugitive laws, etc., which provoked the resistance of the Han people.
7. **Death and posthumous sealing**: In the winter of 1650, Dolgon died on the way to hunt in the north of the country, and was posthumously named "Qing Chengzong", and was nicknamed the Emperor of Maode Xiuyuan and Guangye Dinggong Anmin Lizheng Cheng and Righteous Emperor.
8. **Rehabilitation and restoration of title**: Later, he was confiscated for the crime of rebellion, but in the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), he was rehabilitated and the title of Prince Rui was restored.
9. **Artistic Image**: In the 2002 TV series "The Secret History of Xiaozhuang", the role of Aixin Jueluo Dolgon was played by Ma Jingtao, which reflects his influence in later cultures.
10. **Historical Evaluation**: Dolgon was evaluated as an outstanding military strategist and statesman in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and his life deeds and contributions left a profound mark on Chinese history.
Dolgon's life was full of wars and political struggles, and his decisions and actions had a profound impact on the establishment and development of the Qing Dynasty. His military prowess and political skills made him an important figure in the history of the Qing Dynasty.
Aisin Jueluo Dolgon was involved in a number of important battles in the early Qing Dynasty, and here are some of the major battles he was involved in:
1. **Mongol Chahar Expedition**: In the second year of Tiancong (1628), Dolgon went on an expedition with Huang Taiji to participate in the conquest of the Mongol Chahar Tribe, and made outstanding military achievements.
2. **Battle of Bingzi**: In the 9th year of Tiancong (1635), Dolgon accompanied Emperor Taiji to conquer Korea, conquered Ganghwa Island, and captured the family of the king of Joseon.
3. **Battle of Songjin**: From the 6th year of Chongde (1641) to the 7th year (1642), Dolgon made outstanding achievements in the Battle of Songjin, and the Qing army successfully defeated the Ming army and consolidated its dominance in the northeast region.
4. **Battle into the Pass**: In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Dolgon commanded troops to enter the pass, defeated Li Zicheng's peasant army, and then moved the capital to Beijing, opening the Qing Dynasty's rule throughout the country.
5. **Defeat of Dashun**: In October of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Dolgon ordered Azig and Duoduo to pursue Li Zicheng, and finally eliminated the peasant army and stabilized the domestic situation.
6. **South to Jiangnan**: Qing Jun Aixin Jueluo Dolgon's family situation is relatively complicated, he has many wives and concubines, but few biological children. Here's what you need to know about Dolgon's family and children:
1. **Wives and Concubines**: Dolgon had many wives and concubines, and at least 10 concubines are known in historical records, including six wives and four concubines. His main concubine was Empress Cheng Zongyi, Borzigit, and there were side concubines and other concubines, including Mongolian women and Korean women.
2. **Child**: Dolgon's biological child has only one daughter, named Aisin Kyoro Tungor. Dong Ge was born in the third year of Chongde (1638), and her mother is said to be the daughter of Yi Se-su of the Joseon clan. History does not record the subsequent fate of Tungor.
3. **Adopted Son**: Dolgon's adopted son is Aisin Kyoro Dolbo, who is actually the fifth son of his younger brother Dordor. Dolbo was crowned in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), but later due to Dolgon's political problems, Dolbo was removed from the title and returned to the sect. It was not until the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778) that Emperor Qianlong rehabilitated Dolgon, restored Dolgon's title of Prince Rui, and Dolbo and his heirs were also reinstated.
4. **Family Controversy**: Dolgon's family situation has had some controversy and mystery throughout history, including his relationship with Empress Hyo Zhuang Wen, as well as the issue of his children. It has been suggested that Dorgon may have been so busy with military and political activities that he did not leave any more heirs.
5. **Posthumous Treatment**: After Dolgon's death, Emperor Shunzhi once posthumously named him "Qing Chengzong", but later due to political struggles, Dolgon's title was stripped and his family property was confiscated. It was not until the Qianlong period that Dolgon was officially rehabilitated.
In summary, although Dolgon had many wives and concubines, he left only one biological daughter and one adopted son, which may be related to his career as a military horse and political struggles. His family situation and the issue of his children have been the subject of considerable concern throughout history.
Under the command of Dolgon, he went south to Jiangnan and eliminated the Southern Ming regimes one after another.
These battles demonstrated Dolgon's outstanding military command ability and made a great contribution to the unification and consolidation of the Qing Dynasty. His military prowess and political skills made him an important figure in the history of the Qing Dynasty.