Huang Taiji was the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the eighth son of Nurhachi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The following is a summary of Huang Taiji's resume:
1. **Early Years**: Huang Taiji grew up in the process of Nurhachi's unification of the Jurchen tribes and the establishment of the Later Jin regime, showing outstanding military and political talents.
2. **Succession and Reform**: After Nurhachi's death, Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne and established a state ruling body to replace the state power exercised by the Eight Banners system, and gradually strengthened the centralization of power.
3. **Foreign Campaign**: During the reign of Huang Taiji, he continued to launch offensives against the Ming Dynasty, including the famous Battle of Songjin, as well as the conquest of Korea, which expanded the territory and influence of the Later Jin.
4. **Clan name change**: In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji abolished the old clan name "Zhushen" (Jurchen) and named the clan "Manchuria".
5. **Change the name of the country to Qing**: In the first year of Chongde (1636), Huang Taiji called the emperor, changed the country name "Jin" to "Daqing", changed the name of the year to "Chongde", and was respected as "Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng".
6. **Unification of Monan Mongolia**: Through a series of military operations, Huang Taiji successfully unified Monan, laying the foundation for the subsequent unification wars of the Qing Dynasty.
7. **Internal Policy**: Huang Taiji implemented a series of reforms in internal affairs, including promoting the feudalization of the Manchus, promulgating the "Manchu and Han Separate Residence Order", and proposing the policy of "Manchu and Han integration without similarities and differences", which alleviated ethnic contradictions.
8. **Death**: Huang Taiji died of illness in the eighth year of Chongde (1643), and was succeeded by Fulin, that is, Emperor Shunzhi.
Huang Taiji's reign laid a solid foundation for the establishment and development of the Qing Dynasty, and his policies and military actions had a profound impact on the Qing Dynasty and even Chinese history.
As the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty and an outstanding military strategist and statesman, Huang Taiji participated in many important battles, and the following are some of the major battles he participated in:
1. Battle of Ningyuan: In 1626, Nurhachi led a large army to attack the Ming Dynasty city of Ningyuan, but was defeated by the Ming general Yuan Chonghuan with a red-coated cannon, and Nurhachi died of illness soon after. Huang Taiji inherited his father's throne in this battle and continued to attack the Ming Dynasty's Ningjin defensive line.
2. Battle of Songjin: From 1640 to 1642, Huang Taiji commanded the Qing army against the Ming Dynasty's Songjin defense line, and finally achieved a great victory in Songjin, annihilating more than 50,000 Ming troops and occupying all the towns outside the Ming Dynasty Pass except Ningyuan.
3. The Jisi Rebellion: From 1629 to 1630, Huang Taiji led an army from Mongolia into the interior of the Ming Dynasty and failed to attack Beijing, but captured the four cities of Zunhua, Yongping, Qian'an, and Luanzhou in the ensuing battle, although these cities were eventually recovered by the Ming army.
4. Korean Campaign (Battle of Dingmao, Battle of Bingzi): Huang Taiji made two expeditions to Korea, forcing the Korean king Yi Liang to surrender, claiming to be a minister, severing contact with the Ming Dynasty, and sending the prince to Shenyang as a hostage.
5. Unification of Monan-Mongols: Through a series of military campaigns, Huang Taiji successfully unified Monan-Mongol and obtained the "Jade Seal of the Kingdom", which further consolidated the foundation of the Qing Dynasty's rule.
6. Mobei Mongol's subjugation: After Huang Taiji conquered Monan, he further negotiated peace with the three khans of Mobei Khalkha Mongol, making Mobei Mongolia a vassal of the Qing Dynasty.
These battles played a key role in the development and territorial expansion of the Qing Dynasty, and also demonstrated Huang Taiji's military prowess and political foresight.
Huang Taiji's family situation has a total of 11 sons, among which the more famous include:
1. Haoge (Prince Su): The eldest son of Huang Taiji, born to his step-concubine Ulanara. Hauge participated in the war against Korea and the Ming Dynasty, and was later canonized as the Prince of Heshuosu, and was also in charge of household affairs. After the death of Emperor Taiji, Hauge and Dorgon became the main contenders for the throne, but ultimately failed to succeed to the throne.
2. Logge: The second son of Huang Taiji, the same mother as Hauge, died young, and had no title or nickname.
3. Luo Bo: The third son of Huang Taiji, born to the Yuan Concubine Niu Hulu, also died young.
4. Ye Bushu (Auxiliary Guogong): The fourth son of Huang Taiji, born to the concubine Yan Zha, had no significant military exploits, but was named the Auxiliary Guogong.
5. Shuo Sai (Prince Chengze): The fifth son of Huang Taiji, born to the side concubine Yehenara, he participated in the attack on Li Zicheng's rebel army and the southern expedition to the Hongguang regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and was later promoted to the prince.
6. Gao Sai (Fuguo Gong): The sixth son of Huang Taiji, born to the concubine Nara clan, was named Fuguo Gong.
7. Chang Shu (Auxiliary Guogong): The seventh son of Huang Taiji, he was first named the general of Zhenguo, and later Jin was named the Duke of Auxiliary Guo.
8. The eighth son of Huang Taiji: born to Min Hye Gong and the Yuan Concubine Borzigit, died young.
9. Fulin (Emperor Shunzhi): The ninth son of Huang Taiji, born to Empress Xiaozhuang Wen Borzigit, inherited the throne and became the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs.
10. Tao Sai (Auxiliary Guo Gong): The tenth son of Huang Taiji, born to the concubine Ke Yikle clan, was named the Auxiliary State Duke.
11. Bomu Bogol (Prince Xiang): The eleventh son of Huang Taiji, born to Yijing's concubine Borzigit Namuzhong, was named Prince Xiang by Emperor Shunzhi, but died at the age of 15.
Among these sons, in addition to a few who died young, Hauge, Shuosai and Fulin had more notable achievements, among which Haoge and Shuosai were named the Iron Hat King, and Fulin became the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Most of the other sons are not reused, and their lives are relatively uneventful.