preface
In 260 BC, the Battle of Changping ended, a fierce battle at the cost of 400,000 Zhao troops, which not only had a huge impact on the Spring and Autumn Warring States at that time, but even today, it also impresses us.
The "Records of History" records that the State of Zhao was in the middle of the Qin State's counter-plot, and appointed Zhao Kuo, who was "talking on paper", to replace the main general Lian Po, which eventually led to the defeat of the State of Zhao. Then Hua Mojun couldn't help but wonder, if the lord was not Zhao Kuo, would Zhao Guo be able to win this battle of Changping, which was crucial to the fate of the country?
The weight of the party is too great for Zhao to give up
Changping is roughly the present-day city of Gaoping in Jincheng, Shanxi, and the reason why qin and Zhao fought wars originated from the land of Shangdang (present-day Changzhi City).
At that time, Shangdang belonged to Korean land. In 262 BC, the State of Qin attacked Korea, cutting off the connection between Shangdang County and the Korean mainland, followed by the army to Xingyang. The King of Han was terrified, and ordered the emissaries to enter Qin, cut off the party to seek peace, did not want to go to the party to guard Feng Ting and did not want to surrender, so he presented the party to the Zhao state.
The idea was simple, to unite with the Zhao state and fight against the qin state.
For the State of Zhao, the geographical location of Shangdang is very important, it is adjacent to the Taihang Mountains, and the Taihang Mountains are the barrier of the capital of the Zhao State, if the Zhao State allows the Qin State to accept the Shangdang, it is bound to fall into passivity, so the Zhao State at that time chose to accept the Shangdang and offend the Qin State.
After all, "Qin has the heart to swallow the world, so that Zhao will not be on the party and Qin will get it, and he will also attack Zhao according to the party", so for Zhao Guo, accepting the party and taking the initiative is conducive to improving the odds of victory.
The initial battle was unfavorable and had fallen behind
After receiving Shangdang, Zhao Guo made a fatal mistake, that is, he despised the Qin state and did not add a garrison, so after learning that Zhao Guo accepted the Shangdang, Wang Gong, the chief of Zuo Shu, immediately led an army to attack shangdang, resulting in the Shangdang falling into the hands of the Qin army, and the Zhao state was reduced to a farce.
In order to retake Shangdang, Zhao Guo's life was quite helpful, so the war between Qin and Zhao quickly heated up, and the Battle of Changping also became a battle that affected the national fortunes.
At that time, the armies of Qin and Zhao were equal. The Zhao army had excellent physical fitness, was good at using iron tools, and had cavalry with "one horse as eight pawns". On the other hand, although the weapons of the Qin army are bronze weapons, the Qin army is good at war and is not afraid of life and death, "the customs of Qin, mostly still have the courage, first use force, forget death and light life."
Therefore, when the two armies fight, it is natural that the strong will win. Unfortunately, in the first engagement of Qin Zhao, zhao guo lost, losing several senior military attaches in succession, and at this time, Lian Po, who urgently served as the commander of the Zhao army, could only be forced to retreat to the Danhe River and confront the Qin army.
Logistics supply, the top priority
The Qin army won the initial battle, and the Zhao army lost two lines of defense in just three months, and the loss of one general and six lieutenants was very tragic. At this time, the choice left to Zhao Guo, in addition to taking the initiative, is to retreat and confrontation defense.
In terms of field battles, the Qin army is obviously stronger than the Zhao army, so the Zhao state will not take the initiative to attack, but if it retreats, the Qin state is likely to continue to pursue, and then it may not only lose the party and a county, but also the retreat will seriously shake the hearts of the army, and if it is not careful, it will be the entire army destroyed.
Thinking about it, Lian Po chose the confrontation defense, so that the competition was the logistics of the two sides. Although the State of Zhao was closer to Changping than the State of Qin, the agriculture of the State of Zhao was not as good as that of the State of Qin, which was a congenital deficiency.
The State of Qin occupied Guanzhong, Sichuan and other places, and its grain reserves were abundant, and its grain reserves were far superior to those of the State of Zhao, which was also mentioned in the "Records of History", "Qin is ten times richer than the world."
In terms of national strength, the State of Zhao had been defeated, so "Zhao had no food, please su Yu Qi", and as a result, the State of Qi at this time had no ambition and chose to see death and not save. Zhao Guo, which lacked logistics, would naturally be defeated.
epilogue
Logistics are not enough to support, foreign aid is hopeless, Zhao Guo has been unable to support this protracted war, so taking the initiative to attack has become a glimmer of life for Zhao Guo. Lian Po was experienced and well aware of the consequences of attacking, so he stuck to the defense, and Zhao Guo liked to use the clan room as a general, and Zhao Kuo was both the clan chamber and the son of a famous general.
Most importantly, the State of Qin sent a signal, "What Qin is evil, fearing the ears of Zhao Kuo, the son of MaFuzi", made the King of Zhao make up his mind to change the generals. After that, everyone knew very well that Zhao Kuo took office and took the initiative to attack, which eventually led to the total destruction of the Zhao army.
The field battle is not as good as the Qin State, the logistics are not as good as the Qin State, and this battle, in the final analysis, at the moment when the Zhao Army lacked logistical supplies, already showed the final outcome.
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