The Three Kingdoms era Wei Shu Wu had its own characteristics, from the division of the masses to the pursuit of deer in the Central Plains, and finally the establishment of three regimes as the final showdown, coupled with the popular novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", although the Three Kingdoms era was not too long, the story of the Three Kingdoms was well known.
A general consensus about the Three Kingdoms is that there was a shortage of talents in the late Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was exhausted and died in Wuzhangyuan, and even there was no general in Shuzhong, and Liao Hua was a pioneer.
On the contrary, the Eastern Wu regime was considered to be relatively talented, starting from Zhou Yu at the Battle of Chibi and Cooperating with Shu Han, to later Lü Meng, Lu Xun and other generals who fought against Shu Han, and there were several waves of changes, and Liu Bei was still a few people.
But one thing is very strange, Zhou Yu is a recognized military general who is both literate and martial, and still has left an allusion that Zhou Lang Guqu, a literati and elegant man, loves to use, but Lü Meng, who is also the commander of the Eastern Wu army, is an illiterate, and when Shi Bei was blind on the third day, he said that it was this illiterate Wuxia Amon, so why did he choose an illiterate person as his military commander in Eastern Wu, which has many talents?
Choosing Lü Meng as the military commander of Eastern Wu, there are many problems involved, Sun Quan is indeed not short of generals, but in the end he chose Lü Meng as the commander, the most core point is the identity of Lü Meng, to explain this problem clearly, it is necessary to explain a scholar force in the Three Kingdoms period that affected the fortunes of the Three Kingdoms of Wei Shu and Wu.
(1) Growing warriors
We all know that the Wei and Jin dynasties were the era when the gate valve power was the most powerful, but the shi clan was not born in a day, and the production of the shi clan went through a long process.
The Qin Dynasty implemented severe punishment and harsh laws, implemented a national system conducive to combat, and compulsory separation of families, ensuring that the country would not appear in large families, and families were dispersed into small groups, which was conducive to the management of the state, for the imperial court, the most rational existence in society was that all family units were three to five people, this model was the most ideal, and the last thing the imperial court wanted to appear was a big family.
Hundreds of people in the big family, due to the natural ties of blood relations, will form a force to oppose the imperial court, so for the big family court has always been unprepared, the basic model of the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are modeled on the Qin Dynasty, and there was indeed no very powerful family in the early stage.
However, since Emperor Wudi of Han, words such as "Hao clan" and "Haomin" began to appear slowly in the history books, which was mainly caused by Emperor Wu's poor military force, and Emperor Wudi of Han mobilized almost the strength of the entire country in order to fight the war, not only depleted all the savings of the previous Wenjing rule, but also brought the social economy to the point of almost collapse.
If the imperial court and society alone had no money, it would be nothing, and the money could be earned slowly, but in the later period of Emperor Wu, because of the extreme economic danger, it caused changes in the social structure, that is, the bankruptcy of a large number of self-employed peasants, and began to become a "migrant worker" of rich peasants or landlords.
The most typical expression of the so-called self-cultivated peasants is that a cow on thirty acres of land, a wife and children are hot kilns, this self-sufficiency model is facing a collapse of the social economy, so a large number of self-employed farmers are bankrupt and can only sell land to rich households, so the phenomenon of land annexation slowly appears in society, and once this phenomenon begins to start, it is difficult to stop.
Because the land annexation will only make the landlord bigger and bigger, the ability to resist risks will become stronger and stronger, the proportion of corresponding self-cultivated farmers will become smaller and smaller, the ability to resist risks will become worse and worse, and when encountering a strong emperor, you can also attack the powerful through administrative means, but the Han Dynasty began with the Han Yuan Emperor, the imperial court slowly became less powerful, so the power of the local landlords began to expand slowly, and through the accumulation of successive generations, a powerful force has been gradually formed.
Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty in chaos, during this period thieves flocked, in order to protect themselves, the family clan began to pay more attention to consolidating their own power, more and more people could not survive, so there were more and more and more and more manor economy, at this time the personal dependence of migrant workers for the landlord slowly began to appear, the people who lost land in the manor, including their children, worked for the landlord for generations, and their household registration has disappeared, in order to pay less tax, these people are hidden by the manor.
Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor, relied on these clans to start his family, and Liu Xiu's wife Yin Lihua was the daughter of the clan in the Nanyang region, and it was precisely because Liu Xiu got the support of these clans that he was able to finally defeat his opponent and achieve the final victory in the midst of the crowd.
Although Liu Xiu was very strong, after winning the world, he began to implement the Dutian policy throughout the country, the so-called Dutian was to recalculate the land and population of the whole country, which was strongly opposed by the Hao clan, especially in the Nanyang area of Liu Xiu's base, because most of them were heroes and imperial relatives.
For this reason, there have also been many rebellions of the Hao clan in the whole country, although Liu Xiu quickly put down the rebellion, but the situation in the whole country has been obvious, because of the turmoil in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Haoqiang have begun to have their own armed forces in order to protect themselves, and if they continue like this, the world that has just been obtained may be lost, so starting from Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Haoqiang of the Eastern Han Dynasty has always been very strong, and all the way down, by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Haoqiang in various places are entangled in the local area, and they are already a very powerful force.
A clear example is that there was a folk song in the Eastern Han Dynasty, saying that the task of Runan Taishou was to stamp a seal and sign a letter, and the real person in charge was actually Fan Huan, who was from a local clan. That is to say, although Fan Huan was not too defensive, he was actually the supreme leader of the Runan. Runan was only a microcosm of many states and counties at that time, and during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the administrative operation of the prefectures and counties dominated by local clans had become a common phenomenon, and the central government had lost its direct control over the localities.
This situation lasted until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo's fire burned Luoyang, at the same time the imperial court also completely lost credibility, local forces were out of control, and most of the world chaos at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was initiated by local heroes, so the Eastern Han Dynasty entered the stage of chasing deer.
During this period, whoever could get the support of the local warrior clan could win the victory, and Cao Cao suffered a big loss for this reason, and he was almost killed by the old nest.
(2) Yanzhou Rebellion
Cao Cao had two key battles in the north, one was the Battle of Yanzhou, the other was the Battle of Guandu, Yanzhou was the battle of occupying the territory, and Guandu was the decisive battle for territory, of which the Battle of Yanzhou, which gave Cao Cao a foothold, was obviously more sinister, and there may not be a figure of Cao Cao in history.
In 194 AD, just as Cao Cao was using troops against Xuzhou, Lü Bu took advantage of the emptiness in Cao Cao's rear and directly attacked Cao Cao's base area of Yanzhou, resulting in all but two or three counties in the Yanzhou region, which should be the biggest fiasco cao faced in his life.
Why is there a situation of collective defection since Lü Bu, of course, not because of Lü Bu, Lü Bu was also a despised warrior at that time, mainly because of the rebellion of Chen Gong and Zhang Mi, Chen Gong and Zhang Mi were both famous people in Yanzhou, and they had a deep relationship with the Yanzhou family. They rebelled against the enemy because Cao Cao killed another famous soldier, Bian Rang, and offended the clan. As soon as Chen Gong and Zhang Mi rebelled, it aroused a collective response from the entire Yanzhou region.
In the end, Cao Cao, with his own ability, finally put down the rebellion, and since then Cao Cao has been involved with the local warriors, and has implemented a series of measures to combat the local warriors.
For example, breaking the rules of the time, issuing a decree to seek merit to break the restrictions on identity, as long as anyone who has the ability can come out to become an official, meritocracy became the talent strategy of the Cao Wei period, and at the same time vigorously promoted the military tun system to ensure the basic food supply, and at the same time, in order to cut off the growth of the warrior clan, Cao Cao vigorously helped the mainstream people, providing them with arable land and agricultural tools, all kinds of measures violated the interests of the shi clan, and finally broke out the Battle of Guandu, the great armageddon between Cao Cao and the shi clique.
Yuan Shao was the representative of the Shi clan, although Cao Cao won the Battle of Guandu, but the victory was very lucky and hard, in the scene at that time, who lost and who won was really not certain, so cao Cao although he won the victory and pacified the north, but from then on he basically gave up the confrontation with the Shi clan, and turned to close cooperation with the Shi clan.
And in his later years, if Cao Cao wanted to make the Duke of Wei the King of Wei, it was inevitable to gain the support of the family clan, and finally after Cao Cao's death, the Cao Wei regime clearly announced the Nine Pins Zhongzheng system, and clarified the criteria for selecting officials, that is, to see the birth of the gatekeeper, forming what we later called "the upper product has no cold door, the lower product has no scholar clan", which is a complete negation of the principle of early Cao Cao's employment of people, which shows that the scholar clan has become a very powerful force that influences the imperial court, and usually even the founding monarch can't do anything. The emperor in the back is even more unlikely to be able to handle it, and the power of the warrior clan after Cao Cao can be said to have basically no opponent, the entire Three Kingdoms is the same, and the Shu and Wu kingdoms rely on the support of the local shi clan.
Among them, the Shu state belonged to the foreign regime and received the least support from the local scholars, so it was the first to perish, and Eastern Wu completed the localization of the regime before finally gaining a foothold in Jiangdong, and without the foundation laid by Eastern Wu, it was impossible for the later Eastern Jin Dynasty to gain a foothold in Jiangdong.
(3) Lü Meng's identity
Understanding the far-reaching influence of the shi clan on the regime, let's look at why Eastern Wu chose Lü Meng, an illiterate, as a military commander, not because Eastern Wu had no talent, and Sun Quan's doing so was essentially a process of realizing the localization of the regime.
The Eastern Wu regime was established by Sun Jian's father and son, Sun Quan inherited the inheritance of his father and brother, Sun Ce did not start in Jiangdong, the earliest Sun Ce was a subordinate of Yuan Shu, Sun Ce saw the opportunity to ask to develop in Jiangdong, when he first came, basically the local warriors also regarded Sun Ce as an alien invader.
Because the scholars were generally readers who had been passed down from generation to generation, Yuan Shu, the old leader of Sun Ce at that time, did something that risked the world, that is, to be called emperor, which can be said to be infamous in the circle of literati, so even this Sun Ce was not welcomed by the people of Jiangdong.
Another important reason was that Sun Ce had attacked Lujiang City on Yuan Shu's orders, and Lu Kang's sons of the Lu family insisted. More than a hundred members of the Lu clan died in the war, and Lu Kang also died of illness after the fall of Lujiang.
The Lu clan is a very important family in Jiangdong, Sun Ce killed the Lu family's sons is equivalent to standing on the opposite side of the Shi clan, after killing another famous scholar Xu Gong and soon suffered the disaster of killing, and later Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, facing a grim reality, Sun Quan began to adopt the core policy of enveloping the People of Jiangdong.
After the death of the military commander Lu Su, the Eastern Wu regime became a big problem, and Sun Quan repeatedly chose Lü Meng, who had been more suitable than Lü Meng, but because he was a Huai si person, Huai Si was the place where Sun Ce started his family, and it was still more reassuring to use his own family, but this was not conducive to enveloping the Jiangdong Shi clan.
So chose Lü Meng, although Lü Meng is also a Huai si person, but he was born in Huai Si in Jiangdong, the appointment of Lü Meng is also to show a posture to the soldiers in Jiangdong, fortunately Lü Meng is more motivated, although he was illiterate at the beginning, but Shi Bei three days when he was impressed, soon learned some culture, otherwise the future of Eastern Wu is really worrying.
After Lü Meng, the commander of Eastern Wu was Lu Xun, this Lu family was a large family in Jiangdong generations, and the appointment of Lu Xun as military commander showed that the regime of Eastern Wu had been completely transformed into Jiangdong, and the scholars of Jiangdong also began to recognize Sun Quan, a foreign regime.
The appointment of military commanders is not the most fundamental, because after all, most of the time, the country is not in a state of war, and even if it is a war, many high-ranking officials and nobles do not have direct contact with the army, and the lives of civilian officials at this time can best reflect the determination of Eastern Wu to employ people.
We all know that what Sun Ce said to Sun Quan when he died was "ask Zhou Yu about foreign affairs, and Zhang Zhao about internal affairs", Zhang Zhao is the most precious talent left by Sun Ce to Sun Quan, in fact, Zhang Zhao has indeed not lived up to Sun Ce's expectations for him, and has been doing his best to assist Sun Quan and has achieved very good political achievements.
After Sun Quan became king, the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu all elected Zhang Zhao as the chancellor, but in the end Sun Quan did not choose Zhang Zhao, but chose Sun Shao, because Zhang Zhao was the representative of the exiles in the north, and Sun Shao had been a subordinate of Liu Sui of Yangzhou, and when he followed Liu Shao to Jiangdong, he chose Sun Shao to show a stance to the People of Jiangdong, and he attached great importance to the people of Jiangdong.
After Sun Shao's death, the position of chancellor was completely accepted by the Jiangdong shiren Gu Yong, the Gu family was a large family with the same name as the Lu family, and since then the Eastern Wu regime has been completely localized in Jiangdong from Wen to Wu, and the Sun family, a foreign regime, finally gained a foothold in Eastern Wu, and because of the high degree of integration between the shi clan and the imperial court, in fact, it laid the foundation for the future move of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the south, which of course is the last word, and the Jin Dynasty also opened the golden age of the family door valve.
Summary: The Three Kingdoms struggle for hegemony is ostensibly a military struggle between you and me, but there is a comparison of comprehensive factors behind him, especially the impact of the rise of the warrior clan on the fate of the entire country is very obvious, which is very obvious in the appointment of personnel in the Three Kingdoms period, many seemingly strange appointments, but there are complex backgrounds behind it that ultimately led to such appointments.