In the counterattack against Vietnam, why can Zhang Wannian win four battles and four victories? His post-war summary is quite shino-style
In the ten years of counterattack against Vietnam, many senior generals appeared in the company platoon first-level grass-roots commanders and fighters, and even ordinary soldiers. Needless to say, there is no need to say more about the military and political chiefs at and above the division level, and generals such as Gu Hui, Li Jiulong, Fu Quanyou, and Liao Xilong have emerged, and Zhang Wannian is one of them.
In August 1928, Zhang Wannian was born in Outou Sunjia Village, Huang County, Shandong Province (now Longkou City, a county-level city, managed by Yantai). Zhang Wannian's family was poor, and in his early years he made a living begging for food and learning carpentry. In August 1944, Zhang Wannian joined the Eighth Route Army and was assigned to the 3rd Battalion and 7th Company of the Jiaodongbeihai Independent Regiment.
Pictured| a photo of Zhang Wannian's early years
In September 1945, the Shandong Military Region was ordered to organize the main force to advance into the northeast by land and sea, and Luo Ronghuan was fully responsible. In this context, Zhang Wannian crossed the Bohai Sea from Penglai, Shandong, arrived at The White Mountains and Heishui, and was incorporated into the 3rd Battalion of the 35th Regiment of the 12th Brigade of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army. In February 1946, Zhang Wannian's unit and fraternal units were merged into the 4th Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army.
After that, Zhang Wannian participated in the battles of Dadonggou, Sanbao Benxi, An(Shan) Hai (Cheng), Xinkailing, and Sibao Linjiang in Shenyang. In June 1947, Zhang Wannian served as the deputy platoon commander of the 3rd Platoon of the 2nd Battalion, 5th Company, 36th Regiment, 12th Division of the 4th Column, and later as the platoon leader. By the Time of the Liaoshen Campaign in October 1948, Zhang Wannian was already the commander of the Communications Unit of the 12th Division of the Fourth Column.
Figure | Tashan Blockade Battle
Zhang Wannian participated in the most tragic Battle of Tashan since he joined the army. The four columns were particularly arduous, and the position had to withstand more than 3,000 shells in half an hour, and a company of more than 130 people was finally left with five or six people, and there was not a complete formed company in the entire fourth column.
After the victory of the Tower Hill Blockade, the 36th Regiment was awarded
"Baitai Mountain Hero Regiment" title,
Zhang Wannian also provided strong support on the communication front and made a great contribution. In November, the Liaoshen Campaign won a great victory. Subsequently, Higashino was reorganized, and the fourth column was renamed the 41st Army. For many years thereafter, Zhang Wannian lived in combat with the 41st Army.
Picture | the 36th Regiment of the "Baitai Mountain Hero Regiment"
In 1961, Zhang Wannian was promoted to the rank of major and served as the commander of the "Tashan Hero Regiment" of the 367th Regiment of the 123rd Division of the 41st Army. In April 1968, Zhang Wannian was transferred to the deputy director of the Operations Department of the Guangzhou Military Region, and later served as the commander of the 127th Division of the "Iron Army Division" of the 43rd Army. In December 1978, Zhang Wannian was promoted to deputy commander of the 43rd Army, and still served as the commander of the 127th Division.
At dawn on February 17, 1979, after careful artillery preparations, Zhang Wannian commanded the 127th Division, according to the pre-war deployment, marched into Vietnam with the position of "killing chickens with ox knives", and successively achieved four glorious victories in four battles:
The first victory, from February 17 to 26, Zhang Wannian led his troops to break through the horses, approaching Luping, and annihilating more than 830 enemy company company;
From February 27 to March 2, Zhang Wannian led his troops to capture Luping, cut off the enemy's No. 4 Highway, blocked the enemy's 338th Division's western aid, and annihilated 383 enemy troops;
Picture | Zhang Wannian observing the enemy situation
From March 3 to 6, Zhang Wannian led his troops to cross the Qiqiao River, capture Mimai Mountain, assist the 55th Army in attacking Langshan, annihilating 506 enemy troops, and forming a threatening situation in Hanoi;
（
At this point, Vietnam was in chaos, and 3 elite infantry divisions were urgently transferred from Cambodia back to Hanoi and Lang Son, and the national general mobilization order was announced.
）
Fourth victory, from March 6 to 10, Zhang Wannian led his troops to withdraw from Luping, killed a Hui horse gun, repelled the Vietnamese army's repeated battalion and company-sized counterattacks, annihilated 470 enemy troops, and was praised by the former commander of the Guangzhou Military Region.
Zhang Wannian's troops penetrated 33 kilometers deeper than the border, annihilated 2125 enemies (2088 killed and 37 captured), suffered 1019 casualties, and exchanged 2.09:1 between the enemy and ourselves.
Everyone may be curious, why can Zhang Wannian achieve four battles and four victories? We can find the winning code of Zhang Wannian's post-war summary through his four battles and four victories.
Pictured| a 10,000-year-old battlefield photo
In his post-war summary, Zhang Wannian affirmed the positive role of the war against Vietnam and also pointed out the problems and lessons. Zhang Wannian summed it up very professionally and systematically, and the author focused on two points:
1. Poor ability of cadres to read and use maps;
In the ever-changing actual battle, the ability of cadres to read and use maps is an indispensable basic skill. However, some cadres of the 127th Division had poor ability to read and use maps, and they could not deeply understand all kinds of complex terrain, resulting in unnecessary sacrifices.
Taking the 379th Regiment as an example, a battalion administrator went to the regimental headquarters to receive dry food, and because of his poor ability to read and use maps, he reversed the north-south direction on the map and mistakenly stepped on the enemy realm and stepped on a mine. As a result, the administrator and the chief of staff were killed, and the accompanying guide and soldiers were wounded.
2. Insufficient understanding of the complexity of the terrain;
Soldiers have clouds: "Soldiers are impermanent, water is impermanent", which is intended to show that the way to use soldiers should be combined with the actual situation and cannot be conformed to the rules. The most fundamental thing about this kind of operational thinking is to make a correct judgment based on the analysis of the complex terrain.
Taking the 381st Regiment as an example, according to the pre-war deployment of the unit in the capture of the horse operation was led by the interspersed task, due to the cadres' incomplete analysis of the complex terrain, the unit failed to reach the designated area according to the prescribed time, and the interspersed task was completed the next day.
A glimpse of the whole leopard, Zhang Wannian's post-war summary, quite a four wild legacy. After each battle, Shino and his predecessors were to conduct battle commentaries, aiming to discover problems and solve problems and make great efforts to innovate tactics.
Shino Daimyo's famous six tactical principles,
That is, one point two sides, four fast and one slow, three fierce tactics, four groups and one team, three three systems, three situations three ways of playing
It is established in the process of constantly discovering problems and solving problems.
Pictured| Lin Biao
On February 11, 1947, after the victory in Jiangnan, Lin Biao held a meeting of cadres at and above the division level of the North Manchurian Army in the twin cities of the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and made a special post-war commentary to find problems and solve problems.
By February 13, Lin Biao, who did not speak much at the meeting, began to talk endlessly about the tactical issues of offensive operations:
In general, tactically speaking, pay attention to the preparation of the attack, do not carry out the attack without preparation. The most important thing in the preparation of the attack is to understand the situation, that is, to understand the enemy situation and terrain...
Commanders must develop a style of looking at the terrain
, otherwise everything is empty. All the two-sided tactics of one point, the tactics of fierce attack and fierce chase cannot be used.
From the above, it can be seen that all the tactical principles of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army are based on "
" on the basis of . Since then, both Higashino and Shino have followed this general principle.
Lin Biao still had such demands on cadres at and above the division level, let alone grass-roots military commanders. Zhang Wannian was deeply influenced by the Shino tradition, and it is not surprising that in his post-war summary, he emphasized the issues of knowing maps, using maps, and looking at terrain.
Pictured| General Zhang Wannian
After the end of the counterattack against Vietnam, Zhang Wannian was repeatedly used. In March 1981, Zhang Wannian became the commander of the 43rd Army. In October 1982, Zhang Wannian was appointed deputy commander of the Wuhan Military Region. After the 1985 Million Disarmament, Zhang Wannian became the deputy commander of the Guangzhou Military Region. In November 1987, Zhang Wannian was officially appointed commander of the Guangzhou Military Region.
In September 1988, Zhang Wannian was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. In April 1990, Zhang Wannian crossed the military region to serve as the commander of the Jinan Military Region. In October 1992, Zhang Wannian was appointed as a member of the Central Military Commission and chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army. In June of the following year, Zhang Wannian was promoted to the rank of general...
Resources:
[1] "The Biography of Zhang Wannian" ("Zhang Wannian Biography" Writing Group, People's Liberation Army Publishing House);
[2] The Decisive Battle: The Northeast Liberation War: 1945-1948 (Liu Tong, Shanghai People's Publishing House);
[3] "Killing Chickens with Cattle Knives: Division Commander Zhang Wannian on the Issue of Concentrating Forces to Fight the War of Annihilation" (Jiefangjun Bao);
[4] Ten Years of sino-Vietnamese War (Min Li Sichuan University Press).