On 9 February 1951, the first unit of the U.S. 2nd Division and the French battalion advanced to the ground (
dǐ
Binh-ri, in addition, the South Korean 8th and 5th Divisions advanced north of Hengseong; the South Korean 7th and 9th Divisions, as well as the Capital Division, along the daemy-dong, Hajin-fu-ri, and Gangneung lines. Simply put, on the entire front, there were a large number of enemies guarding both Hengcheng and Pingli.
Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army
Peng Dehuai
It was decided to immediately counterattack the enemy forces on the Eastern Front. However, there was a question that puzzled him at the time: whether to fight Pingli first, or to fight Hengcheng first? There were pros and cons between, and he thought about it with some headaches, at this time the deputy commander
Deng Hua
Recommendation:"
You can first launch an attack on the Hengcheng area and annihilate the South Korean Eighth Division in one fell swoop!
”
On February 11, the Hengcheng counterattack battle officially began, our army was like a bamboo, the enemy was defeated, the enemy saw that the situation was not good, immediately requested support, but the reinforcements of the US 2nd Division fell even worse, its troops were ambushed by our army on the way, after a fierce battle, almost completely destroyed by our army, not to mention any reinforcements, now I am afraid that I am afraid that I am unable to protect myself.
Pictured| Ridgway
At this time, the main South Korean troops had been frightened and quickly retreated under the cover of the air force, and our volunteers did not intend to let them retreat completely, and immediately took advantage of the victory to pursue, successfully annihilating more than 12,000 enemy troops, and frightening the enemy on the eastern front into immediate retreat. South Korea's move infuriated
Ridgway
Ridgway believes that the reason why this battle will be lost is that they do not have the courage.
Although our army won the Hengcheng counterattack battle, but at that time the volunteer army had experienced three battles, its strength and supplies were very tight, this point Ridgway understood, he also knew very clearly, the victory of the Hengcheng counterattack battle can not alleviate the current situation of the volunteer army, even if the United Nations army is defeated, but they still have a "bottom card" that can turn defeat into victory, that is, Pingli.
After the victory of the Hengcheng counterattack, the morale of the volunteer army soared, Deng Hua also began to make the next plan, Andi Binh-ri became their next target, when the South Korean 8th Division and the US 2nd Division had retreated, the defenders left in Pingli would not be unmoved, in order to avoid becoming a lone army, they would definitely choose to retreat, and then it was time to take advantage of the victory to pursue.
The picture | Deng Hua, deputy commander of the Volunteer Army
However, what no one expected was that a single judgment would cause our army to die and suffer more than a thousand casualties, and even cause major setbacks to the volunteer troops, just when the superiors were ready to insist on going their own way, the commander of the 40th Army
Wen Yucheng
Blatant opposition, unwillingness to carry out orders from superiors, so what is the final result?
"Iron Foot Division Commander" Wen Yucheng
Wen Yucheng, a native of Xingguo, Jiangxi, was born in 1915 to a rural family, and in 1929 he joined the Chinese Communist Youth League and began to actively participate in the revolution. During this period, Wen Yucheng met many like-minded friends, and his thinking was greatly improved, and he firmly believed that only by following the Communist Party could the people live a peaceful life.
In 1930, he joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army with excitement, and later joined the Communist Party two years later because of his outstanding performance, successively serving as an officer of the guard battalion, the secretary of the general branch of the independent 2nd Regiment, and other positions, after which he also participated in the first to fifth anti-encirclement and suppression operations in the Central Soviet Region, during which he was seriously wounded many times.
Later, because the Red Army failed in the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression operation, it was forced to launch the Long March, and Wen Yucheng was also among them. During the Long March of the Red Army, Wen Yucheng experienced countless battles, large and small, until the Red Fourth Front and the Red Second Front met with the Red Front, he still needed to fight, but this time the enemy he faced was not the Kuomintang, but was known for his fierceness
Ma Jiajun
。
Pictured| Cavalry of the Majia Army
Wen Yucheng was appointed as the political commissar of the cavalry regiment, and the task given to him by his superiors was to form a cavalry regiment to fight against the cavalry of the Majia Army, although this was a very difficult thing, it would never stop in the face of difficulties, and no matter how difficult it was, it must be faced, after all, if you want to create a new situation in the northwest of the anti-Japanese resistance, there will definitely be such a battle with the Majia Army, which Wen Yucheng knows very well in his heart.
From the moment he accepted the task, he began to concentrate on forming a cavalry regiment, and carried out a variety of rigorous training for the cavalry regiment, not only that, he would also join the training together. However, if the opponent is the Northwest Ma Family Army, our side has a small chance of winning, so Wen Yucheng's final defeat is also understandable.
With amazing perseverance, they repelled the Ma family army many times, but because they did not have sufficient supplies, they would run out of ammunition and food after a long time, and our army was in a passive state in an instant. There is no doubt that the Ma family army turned defeat into victory, and our army was almost completely destroyed, Wen Yucheng in this war, although lucky to retrieve a life, but broke his leg, and finally could only be captured by the Ma family army.
It was undoubtedly a humiliation, when he was always thinking of running away.
But now he is incapacitated, the possibility of successful escape is not very likely, finally after a period of time, after the injury has improved, Wen Yucheng took advantage of the enemy's lack of preparation, successfully ran out, but he has lost contact with the troops, and he does not know where to look for troops, so he begged along the way for nearly a month, and finally found the troops, after this, Wen Yucheng was still active on the battlefield.
Picture | Wen Yucheng
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wen Yucheng studied at the Kang Da and served as the captain of the Kang Da Region to help our party cultivate talents, and later because of his outstanding performance, he was successively appointed as the chief of the organization section of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army and the captain of the third column of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army.
In 1941, Wen Yucheng served as the brigade commander and political commissar of the 18th Brigade of the 6th Division, the situation was very grim at that time, the Japanese puppet army sent a large number of troops to try to eliminate our army's anti-Japanese strongholds, our army received the news, immediately instructed Wen Yucheng to lead the troops to defend the stronghold, the result did not expect that the Japanese puppet army had long been ambushed, just waiting for the New Fourth Army to throw itself into the net, fortunately, with Wen Yucheng's correct command, this can be successful in the surprise attack.
In 1945, Wen Yucheng was incorporated into the Northeast Democratic United Army to form an independent second division, and he himself served as the commander of the division, and in the subsequent liberation war, the independent second division repeatedly built a miracle, and the enemy was very jealous of this unit, and the enemy who was captured at that time said:"
Your troops can really run, just like the iron footboard, there should be no troops that can withstand your poor pursuit and fierce fighting!
Since then, Wen Yu has achieved "
Ironfoot Division Commander
"The title, in fact, people from peasant backgrounds, have been running in the mountains and fields for a long time, and the soles of their feet have long since grown a layer of calluses, so it will be okay to run like this." Later, Wen Yucheng participated in the Battle of Tianjin, directly annihilating the Kuomintang 34th Division and capturing more than 4,000 enemy troops.
The first shot was fired to resist US aggression and aid Korea
It was hard to wait until the whole country was liberated and New China was formally founded, and everything began to go on the right track, but as a result, the Korean Civil War broke out, and even brought the flames of war to China's territory, so it was intolerable, and the Party Central Committee, after careful consideration, decided to send troops to Korea to defend the country, and since then the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has officially begun, when Wen Yucheng was the commander of the 40th Army.
Pictured| Volunteers cross the Yalu River
At the moment of receiving the task, Wen Yucheng immediately led his troops across the Yalu River. It was also at this time that the "United Nations Army" led by the United States drove the North Korean People's Army to the Yalu River, which was obviously in front of china's territory, but they still chose to venture forward, and just when Wen Yucheng arrived in Tokugawa and Ningyuan, the United Nations army also arrived, and a war was inevitable.
After receiving the approval of his superiors, Wen Yucheng immediately made strategic arrangements and fired the first shot into the DPRK, during which he did not give the enemy the opportunity to counterattack. In the face of intensive artillery fire, the enemy gradually began to be a little overwhelmed, and even began to mess up on his own feet, and in this way, after only about 20 minutes, our army won the battle.
After Chairman Mao Zedong learned of this matter, he decided to set October 25, 1950, as "
Chinese The Anniversary of the Volunteers' Overseas Combat
Wen Yucheng had never been absent in the Korean battlefield, and every time he was able to successfully complete the tasks assigned by his superiors, but in the fourth battle, he blatantly refused to carry out the orders of his superiors.
On January 25, 1951, Ridgway commanded the United Nations Army and south Korean troops and began to launch a full-scale offensive from west to east, with the western front as the main battlefield and the eastern front as the auxiliary battlefield, and there was no time for our army to prepare. In view of the urgency of the situation, Peng Dehuai ordered all units of the Volunteer Army to stop resting and preparing for battle after two days, and after consultation with the Volunteer Command, it was decided that the fourth campaign would be divided into two fronts, the east and the west.
Pictured| Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai
The specific deployment was: Wen Yucheng led the 40th Army to the battlefield on the eastern front, under the command of Deputy Commander Deng Hua, and commanded the 39th Army, 40th Army, 42nd Army, and 66th Army in the area north of Longtouli, Yangdeyuanli, Hongchuan, and Hengcheng on the eastern front to prepare for an attack in the direction of Wonju and Hengcheng; while on the western front, the strength of two armies was deployed.
Some people may find it strange that the main battlefield is the Western Front, but its deployed troops are less than the Eastern Front.
Why?
Peng Dehuai did this for a reason, he arranged two armies on the western front in order to block the enemy, and this will allow our army to exert its superiority on the eastern front and annihilate the enemy in one fell swoop, but this operational deployment is indeed very dangerous, and the situation on the battlefield will be reversed if it is not careful.
With heavy casualties, Wen Yucheng refused to carry out the offensive mission
In the end, the volunteers on the battlefield of the western front desperately dragged the enemy, of course, also paid a huge price, to win time for the eastern battlefield, the volunteer army on the eastern front with a single blow, trapped all the United Nations troops in Hengcheng, and annihilated them one by one, although this battle was dangerous, but fortunately our army was still victorious, and the next goal of our army was Pingli.
Now that Hengcheng has been captured by our army, the enemy in Pingli will certainly not hold pingli in order to avoid becoming a lone army, and when they retreat, our army will take advantage of the victory to pursue and annihilate them in one fell swoop. At this point, Deng Hua guessed very accurately, and the enemy troops stationed in Pingli had indeed begun to pack up their things and prepare to withdraw.
Figure | warriors in battle
At the same time, unincorporated commander Ridgway is also deploying the battle in Pingli, and it can be said that he attaches great importance to this place.
Located 40 miles south of the 38th Parallel, Pingli was an important transportation fortress on the U.S. front, and if they lost Tonpei-ri in the event of losing Yokoseong, it would also mean that cracks would arise in the UN front, so Tohei must not be lost.
No matter what the price was, Pingli had to be defended, so Ridgway gave a death order to the commander stationed in Pingli: "
As long as you dare to withdraw your troops from Tongpingli, I will evacuate you first!"
The enemy commander was very helpless, he did not expect that what he received was not an order to retreat, but a stubborn defender of Pingli, his face was very ugly, because they could not defeat the volunteers at all, and it was clear that they were going to die.
Subsequently, Ridgway sent heavy troops to support Pingli, and the commander stationed in Pingli also began to build a defensive position, in this small place of Pingli, almost all the troops that Ridgway could mobilize were gathered, and these troops were unknown to our army, which also led to the later defeat of the volunteer army.
Because the morale of the volunteer army had just been taken, the morale of the volunteer army had soared, and coupled with the fact that the enemy army had only two battalions or so in Pingli before, it was even more lax, and there was no intention of holding on, and the volunteer soldiers in the unit all thought that Pingli was very good to take, so they did not notice the changes in Pingli, which also made them pay a painful price later.
After Deng Hua deployed the battle plan, he immediately sent a telegram to his superiors, and the reply telegram mentioned:
The US 8th Division has been largely annihilated... The battle opening has been opened, and the enemy may be shaken... The specific deployment is decided by Deng Hua!
Deng Hua knew that the fighter plane was fleeting, and if he missed this opportunity, he didn't know when it would be, and there was not much time left for him to think about it.
Picture | from left to right: Chen Geng, Peng Dehuai and Deng Hua
Therefore, Deng Hua decided to act on the night of February 13 to encircle and suppress the enemy in Pingli, after which a pre-war commander's meeting was convened, and the meeting began, the commander of the 119th Division
Xu Guofu
It was found that the commander of the 359th Regiment of the 40th Army did not attend the meeting, and the 375th Regiment of the 42nd Army only sent a deputy regimental commander, and the battle had not yet begun, and they did not pay attention to it.
Xu Guofu looked very anxious in his eyes, in this case, how should the meeting continue? Worse news is yet to come, and our army finally knows what is going on in Pingli.
It was not that the defenses were weak, but on the contrary, there were heavy guards, definitely not as we thought, only one or two battalions, in addition, they also built strong fortifications, and did not show any desire to escape, but put up a posture of fighting to the end. Let's look at our army's laxity and laziness, and we are not at all concerned about this battle.
So, is this battle still necessary? Xu Guofu was very heavy-hearted, and he thought that this was tantamount to an unprepared battle, so he immediately reported the matter to his superiors and asked for a delay in the attack, but he did not receive a reply.
The bad thing did not stop there, the 42nd Artillery Regiment that participated in the battle was exposed because of its position, it suffered an air raid, and could not participate in the battle for a while.
Pictured| airstrikes
This also means that our army has no artillery support, the volunteer army can only use light weapons when fighting, such a thing is more than this, with the artillery 42 regiment accident, the 375 regiment was also attacked by the enemy in the middle of the march, also unable to participate in the battle. The 356th Regiment, again, was slow to reach the attack site on time.
This greatly reduced the offensive strength of our army, and only more than 2,000 people actually participated in the battle, and it was still under the cover of no artillery fire, so you can imagine how difficult it was for our army. At first, the volunteers also occupied several high ground in Tongpingli, but it was not until later that they understood that it was not the Pingli Highlands, but just a hill on the outskirts.
After the battle went on for a while, our army became more and more difficult, and the attack did not make substantial progress, and later through the interrogation of prisoners, we learned that there were about 6,000 enemy troops holding on to Pingli, no wonder our army fought for so long, and it has not yet taken Pingli down, and now at this juncture, it can only be hardened on the scalp.
Every time our army attacked a high ground, it had to pay great casualties, and after two days of fighting, the outer positions had been successfully occupied by our army. However, the enemy is not only more numerous than our army, but also has an advantage in terms of weapons and equipment, and according to this situation, if we continue to fight, there is no doubt that the volunteer army will pay heavy casualties.
At present, our army is in a very tired state.
The number of casualties has also exceeded a thousand, which has brought great setbacks to our army, of which the 3rd battalion of the 349th Regiment was basically all killed, which was the result that Xu Guofu did not want to see the last thing, but he did not receive orders from his superiors, and there was no other way but to resist.
Pictured| Xu Guofu
Deng Hua decided to send reinforcements to the front line of Pingli, and on February 15 issued an order for a strong attack:
On the 16th, we must take Tohei-ri
At that time, under the circumstance that the gap between troop strength and firepower was so large, our army wanted to take Pingli on the 16th, but the hope was very slim, the death toll of the troops was still increasing, and the guns and ammunition were almost exhausted.
At the same time, Deng Hua also called Wen Yucheng, commander of the 40th Army, asking him to command the attack on Pingli in a unified manner, which made Wen Yucheng unable to bear it, and said in a tough tone: "
This battle against Tonpyeong-ri was a chaotic battle without coordination, an impossible battle against the enemy with my shortness, and I suggest withdrawing from the battle immediately!
Wen Yucheng's words made him fall into contemplation and calmly said:
Don't put down the phone first, I'll go and discuss with Mr. Peng now!
After consultation, Deng Hua conveyed Peng Dehuai's instructions:
Agreed to end the fighting in Pingli immediately.
Since then, the first phase of the Fourth Campaign has ended, and in the Battle of Pingli, the casualties of the Volunteers were the heaviest, and Deng Hua also made a review for this.
Although the battle of Pingli ended in the defeat of our army, it was also like a blow to the head, so that the volunteer soldiers were sobered up, we are not invincible, and at any time there should be no idea of a light enemy, which will only bring a heavy blow to our army. Soon, the volunteers created new thinking and improved their tactics according to the actual situation on the battlefield.
“
The military commander who participated in the whole war, "Wen Yucheng", punished the hooligans after returning to China
Wen Yucheng led the 40th Army as the first batch of troops to enter the DPRK, and fired the first shot of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, until the armistice, killing a total of 43,365 enemies (including 25,073 US troops), he was one of the few military commanders who participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and at that time he was also called "
A military commander who participated in the whole battle
Wen Yucheng's name can be said to resound throughout the Korean Peninsula.
On July 27, 1953, the chief representatives of China and the United States signed the agreement at Panmunjom
Korean Armistice Agreement
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended successfully, and Wen Yucheng led the 40th Army to return to China on July 28.
The scene of the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement |
After returning to the motherland, Wen Yucheng gave the 40th Army a holiday break, and at that time, in order to prevent arrogant soldiers from violating discipline, a picket team was specially set up in the army, and the task was to patrol the streets every day to prevent anyone from violating discipline. Once, Wen Yucheng personally took the pickets to the street, and found nothing in the morning, but something happened at noon at dinner.
Wen Yucheng came to a restaurant, opened a private room and sat down, and then asked the waiter to brew a pot of tea for everyone, just when everyone was tasting tea, there was a discordant sound, a group of hooligans were noisy outside, and before anyone could react, Wen Yucheng's box was vigorously kicked open by a hooligan.
A group of people directly broke in, and shouted in their mouths: "Let go, let go, hurry up, you go to other boxes to sit, here is our customized box, it is not your turn, now our brothers want to eat, the acquaintance will quickly leave." Wen Yucheng was not angry either, and asked:
We came first, so why give it to you? It's you who should go, hurry up!
The rogue leader said angrily, "Advise you to get to know each other better, this is my territory, I want to do nothing to do your business, now you hurry to move the place, otherwise don't blame me for not being polite." Wen Yucheng was also a little angry after listening to it, this kind of person is not punished now, and when will it be until: "You dare to talk to me in this tone, I would like to advise you, and now it is still too late to leave." ”
This group of hooligans was angry, and began to scold people loudly, and also pulled and pulled at Wen Yucheng and others, and Wen Junchang saw the situation and said angrily:
Beat them all out!
"After receiving the order, the picket soldiers immediately fought with this group of hooligans, who would be the opponents of the soldiers of our army, and were quickly beaten to the point of blue nose and swollen face, knowing that they had encountered hard stubble, they quickly apologized and asked for forgiveness.
Pictured| General Wen Yucheng
Wen Yucheng looked at it and asked, "Do I still need to give way to you?" The rogue hurriedly said, "No, no, we'll leave now." Seeing that they wanted to run, he said unceremoniously: "It's too late to want to leave now, I just reminded you, and now I don't want you to go." Subsequently, he did not pay attention to the hooligans and directly ordered them to be sent to the public security bureau.
After this incident, Wen Yucheng also told the pickets: "
In the future, if you encounter this gang of hooligans again and cause trouble for no reason, you should not be polite to them and beat them directly and fiercely, only when they are hurt and they have learned a lesson can they change from evil to righteousness.
In 1955, at the ceremony of awarding titles to the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wen Yucheng was awarded the rank of lieutenant general, and then he was arranged to study at the Nanjing Military Academy, and after graduation, he held an important position in the Guangzhou Military Region.
On October 29, 1989, Wen Yucheng died of illness at the age of 74. At the farewell ceremony,
Yang Dezhi
、
Song Wheel of Time
The others sent wreaths, and they all came to bid farewell to their former comrades on their last journey.