Court painting depicts the Taiping Dynasty, literati painting alludes to Qing Gao Zhiming, Zen painting pursues the otherworldly, custom painting reproduces human fireworks, and landscape painting sends love to the mountains and empty clouds... Yesterday afternoon, when dozens of exquisite Paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty were presented one by one at the Hangzhou Party and Mass Service Center, more than 700,000 spectators followed the on-site explanations of the professors of the Academy of Fine Arts and dreamed of returning to Lin'an (now Hangzhou) of the Southern Song Dynasty.
This is the last lecture "Painting" of the "Song Yun Zhiya - Piano Painting and Calligraphy" Series of Lectures jointly sponsored by the Hangzhou Academy of Social Sciences and the Hangzhou Library. Ren Daobin, professor and doctoral supervisor of the China Academy of Art, took the Lin'an painting of the Southern Song Dynasty as the core and told the story of "Painting as the Heart Seal".
If you want to read the paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty, you must first understand the background of the times.
Ren Daobin started from the watershed between the two Song Dynasties, "The Difficulty of Jingkang", saying that although the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Gaozong were ineffective in governing the country, they were quite accomplished in art.
"After Emperor Gaozong moved the capital to Hangzhou, he inherited his father's cultural and artistic undertakings, established the Royal Academy of Painting, trained a group of painters, and gave them official positions, so that the painters could live a stable life and devote themselves to creation." Ren Daobin said that after the Shaoxing Peace Conference, the Southern Song Dynasty entered an era of relative peace, with steady economic, social, and humanistic development, and the Southern Song Dynasty paintings that reflected social customs also rose.
He divided the Southern Song Dynasty paintings into five types: court painting, literati painting, Zen painting, genre painting, and landscape painting, and interpreted them one by one.
The southern song court painting source painting academy, its paintings mainly reflect the southern song dynasty Taiping prosperity, the emperor's grace and glory, for the Song Gaozong and his royal family to sing praises and praises. A "Picture of Wangxian Greeting and Driving" praises the beautiful talk of the emperor in red robes and visiting the villagers; a "Halogen Book Jade Rudder Map", which depicts the grand festivals of the Southern Song Dynasty; and a "Han Palace Map", which reproduces the lively southern Song Dynasty scene like the Northern Song Dynasty's "Qingming River Map"... It can be said that "the warm wind smoked tourists drunk, straight to Hangzhou as a state of Bizhou." ”
The paintings of the literati of the Southern Song Dynasty reflect the feelings of the literati, and many paintings are clear and high, and the allegories are affectionate. There are also the "Hound Dog Diagram" and "Wild Vegetable Grass insect diagram" that satirize current politics and refer to Mulberry and scolding; there are also "Cewei Tu" and "Wen Ji Gui Han Tu" that are nostalgic for the past and the present and are eager to recover the lost land; there are also "Meilan Zhuju Pine" and "Three Friends of the Year Han" that Qing Gao promised himself.
The representatives of Zen paintings in the Southern Song Dynasty include "Splashing Ink Immortal Figure" and "Li Baixing Yintu", which are mostly made by monks and painters influenced by Buddhism. "Don't look at these paintings with simple lines, but they are actually very difficult, they are integrated into the Buddhist thought, the meaning is profound, and the pursuit of the immortals' otherworldly realm."
Southern Song Dynasty folk paintings, as the name suggests, are paintings that use folk life scenes to reflect the lives of ordinary people during the Southern Song Dynasty. "Ploughing Map" reflects the developed agriculture of the Southern Song Dynasty, reproducing the scene of farmers working hard at that time; "Silkworm Weaving Map" reflects the appearance of silkworm farming at that time, silkworm women working, silkworm babies have to go through 4 times of molting to spit silk...
Landscape painting in the Southern Song Dynasty is a must in the history of painting. Ren Daobin believes that this is first based on the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou "there is heaven and Suzhou and Hangzhou", that is, Bai Juyi's "spring on the lake is like a picture" and "failed to throw Hangzhou, half of the hook is the West Lake", but also Su Shi's poem "The water is bright and sunny, the mountains are empty and rainy", or Yang Wanli's "The lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers are different from the sun"...
On this basis, the Southern Song Dynasty painters were inspired by springs, ten views of the West Lake, eight views of Qiantang, "Ta Ge Tu", "YanXiu Forest Residence Map", "Jiangshan Wanli Map" and other masterpieces were continuously created, of which the painters Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, with half or a corner of the composition, painted the West Lake, Qiantang landscape and water style, with a looming hazy beauty to open a generation of atmosphere, known as "horse a corner, summer half", Liufang painting history.
"If Tang poetry is epic, then Southern Song Dynasty painting is history painting." Ren Daobin said that in 1276, the Yuan army invaded Lin'an from the south, and in the midst of the smoke and war, the material culture such as Southern Song Dynasty architecture had been annihilated, but many Southern Song Paintings were preserved by people of insight and became precious cultural historical materials of the 152-year history of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Looking back on the century-old Southern Song Dynasty paintings, Ren Daobin summed up its core characteristics as two excellent (worry) - the patriotic feelings of the "worried" country and the people, and the exquisite and artistic "excellent" elegant life.
"The paintings of Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, are diverse and prosperous, developing in the love of worrying about the country and patriotism and the interest of elegant life, rich and colorful, writing out the times, telling the truth, beautiful, the wonderful in the Song Rhyme, the ink magic of Hangzhou City, and the elegance of the Qiantang people, which is worth recalling and making people think deeply." Ren Daobin said that with the prosperity of today's people's living standards, song yun's elegant life art and art life have become more popular.
It is reported that the last issue of the "Song Yun Zhiya - Piano Instrument Calligraphy and Painting" series of lectures on the same day, in addition to the on-site audience listening, was also broadcast live on more than 10 platforms such as CCTV Mobile Network, iQiyi, the official Weibo of Hangzhou Library, and our greater Hangzhou video number, with a total of more than 700,000 people watching.
Correspondent 丨 Wei Feng