Whether on TV or in movies, we often hear a word called "three old and four young", in fact, this word comes from the Green Gang, he is a reference to several founders of the Green Gang, the three elders are divided into the first three elders, the last three elders, the first three elders are
Jin Zu, Luo Zu, Lu Zu,
The last three are respectively
Weng Zu, Qian Zu, Pan Zu.
The four youngsters were students from four sermon nunneries, one of Weng Zu's
Zhu Si'an, Qianzu Liu Temple, Pan Zu Huang Temple, and Protector Xiaoye Shi Temple.
The Green Gang is different from the Hong Gang, which pays attention to "brothers in all corners of the world." "The Green Gang has a strict generational score, the earliest generation of the Green Gang has 20, and in the end it has added four, these 24 generations are:
Qing, Jing, Tao, De, Wen, Cheng, Buddha, Dharma, Ren, Lun, Wisdom, Wisdom, Ben, Lai, Zi, Faith, Yuan, Ming, Xing, Li, Da, Tong, Enlightenment, Enlightenment.
The next three additional generations are final
Great, enlightened, enlightened, enlightened.
And the green gang big guys we often know
Jin Jinrong is the 22nd generation of "Tong" characters, while Du Yuesheng is the 23rd generation of "Wu" characters.
Speaking of Jin Rong and Du Yuesheng in the old Shanghai at that time, they were definitely powerful figures who covered the sky with one hand. However, when it comes to the most powerful figures in old Shanghai, the famous "three tycoons of Shanghai" in old Shanghai, namely Jin Jinrong, Du Yuesheng, and Zhang Xiaolin, still have to stand on the sidelines.
Because this person's generation is higher than theirs, and their power is even greater than theirs, this person is Zeng
General of the army during the Beiyang warlord period, Zhang Renkui, the 21st generation of the Qinggang "big" generation leader.
Zhang Renkui
One
Zhang Renkui was born in January 1865 in Tengxian County, Shandong Province, to a poor rural family, and the poor family could not afford to provide him with education, so the young Zhang Renkui practiced martial arts with his cousin. And quickly practiced a superb martial art.
In 1889, Tengxian opened a scientific examination for Wu Xiucai, and Among the hundreds of candidates in the county, Zhang Renkui won the first place with his superb martial arts.
Zhang Renkui originally wanted to serve the country, but the Qing government at that time was weak and incompetent, defeated again and again, and after the Sino-Japanese War, the whole of Shandong was almost divided up by the great powers.
In 1898, the "Boxer Rebellion" rose up in various parts of Shandong, resisting foreign aggression under the banner of "supporting the Qing Dynasty and destroying the ocean".
Against this backdrop, Zhang Renkui joined the Boxer Rebellion in Teng County, Shandong. The chief of the Boxer Rebellion in TengXian County, Shandong Province, was named Ma Fengshan, who was the twentieth generation of the Qinggang "Li" generation, and had many disciples and grandchildren. Zhang Renkui's ability to fight well and his heroic personality made Ma Fengshan very appreciative, so Ma Fengshan accepted him as a disciple and ranked the twenty-first generation of "big" characters according to the Qinggang generation.
The Boxer Rebellion at the end of the Qing Dynasty
The aggression of the Eight-Nation Alliance made Empress Dowager Cixi very angry at the time, and she was determined to support the Boxers in going to war with these foreigners, hoping to use the power of the Boxers to deal a heavy blow to the foreigners.
In the early stages, the Boxers and some Of the Qing army fought a deadly battle with the Eight-Nation Alliance, and in June 1900, more than 2,000 people of the Eight-Nation Alliance led by British Admiral Seymour invaded Beijing from Tianjin, and were blocked by the Boxers in Langfang, killing and wounding more than 300 people, and then attacking the Laolongtou Railway Station and the Zizhulin Concession with the Qing army.
However, in the end, the Boxers were still unable to defeat the foreigners' ships and guns, and soon after, the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled to Xi'an.
After that, the Boxers were suppressed, Ma Fengshan was killed, and Zhang Renkui wandered and fled.
The Eight-Power Coalition
Zhang Renkui, who was wandering outside, came to Yangzhou and began to sell smuggled salt with the same door, and Xu Baoshan, the brother of the same door, was the leader of this smuggling organization, and Zhang Renkui was very appreciated by Xu Baoshan because of his righteousness and steady work.
Soon, Xu Baoshan was recruited by the Qing government with about a regiment of people and horses, and Zhang Renkui also successfully "whitewashed" and became the person in charge of Zhenjiang, where Zhang Renkui secretly joined the Alliance.
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and the localities responded quickly, Xu Baoshan declared a revolution, and Xu Baoshan's subordinates, Zhang Renkui, who guarded Zhenjiang, also immediately cooperated with Xu Baoshan's actions in Zhenjiang.
Soon, Yangzhou's revolutionary party organization,"Jiangsu-Zhejiang United Army," attacked Nanjing, and Zhang Renkui was appointed "commander-in-chief of the former enemy." Under the fierce attack of the revolutionary army, Zhang Xun, who was guarding Nanjing, was unable to defeat the revolutionary army and fled to Xuzhou, where Nanjing was in the hands of the revolutionary army.
Zhang Xun
Two
On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as the provisional president of the Republic of China, and Zhang Renkui was promoted to brigade commander of the 77th Mixed Brigade of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army for his heroic performance.
In April 1913, Xu Baoshan, commander of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army and Zhang Renkui's superior, defected to Yuan Shikai and was later killed by the Kuomintang.
After Xu Baoshan's death, the Second Army, which originally belonged to Xu Baoshan, was basically controlled by Zhang Renkui.
During the period when Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, Zhang Renkui had been observing the situation in Yangzhou, and on the one hand he was in contact with the Beiyang warlords and secretly helping the revolutionary party, he was in the middle, and neither side could be offended by pleasing both sides.
After Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang warlords were divided into two factions, the Zhi and Anhui factions, both of which tried their best to buy people's hearts, and Feng Guozhang, who was directly related, felt that Zhang Renkui could be used for himself. Zhang Renkui was promoted to brigade commander of the 76th Mixed Brigade of Jiangsu and the defender of Tonghai Town, and was promoted to "General of the Army".
Feng Guozhang
In this regard, Zhang Renkui became the largest warlord in the Jianghuai area, and although he was a powerful warlord, he never shied away from his gang identity. Whether it was a hooligan or a military and political figure with a head and a face, they all came to defect to him, and slowly Zhang Renkui's disciples and grandchildren were also increasing, and he simply handled political affairs in the name of the "Grandfather" of the Qing Gang.
After the warlord Cao Kun became president, he wanted to unify the country by force, so he ordered the Jiangsu overseer Qi Xieyuan to seize Zhejiang controlled by the Anhui clan into his hands.
On September 3, 1924, Qi Xieyuan, together with Sun Chuanfang of Fujian Province, launched an attack on Lu Yongxiang, the overseer of Zhejiang, and sent Zhang Renkui to bring the Qingbang Legion to help in the battle.
At this time, Zhang Renkui had long wanted to expand his power, so after receiving the order, he rushed to the front line with his disciples and disciples.
Lu Yongxiang was quickly defeated under the joint attack, Zhejiang changed hands to the hands of the direct family, and the defeated Lu Yongxiang finally retreated to Shanghai, but the direct family pursued it, and Shanghai was not saved in the end.
Lu Yongxiang
Three
After hearing that Shanghai had become the territory of the direct family, this made The green gang leaders such as Jin Jinrong and Du Yuesheng, who were engaged in the opium business in the Shanghai Concession, excited, for reasons that were very clear, because they found a patron like Zhang Renkui.
Du Yuesheng's master was Zhang Renkui's apprentice, and Jin Jinrong also claimed to be a member of the Qinggang "Tong" generation, so Jin Jinrong and Du Yuesheng prepared generous gifts to see Zhang Renkui, which made Zhang Renkui very happy.
After that, whether it was military and political leaders or gang leaders who came to see Zhang Renkui, there was an endless stream, which really broke through the threshold of Zhang Renkui's family.
In January 1925, Zhang Renkui's 60th birthday, more than 800 well-known people from the military, political circles, business circles, gangs and other well-known people came to congratulate him. Chiang Kai-shek, who was the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, also sent someone to send a pair of Shou Lian, which he personally wrote, and secretly sent a prayer post.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek's status in the Kuomintang was not high, only the principal of the military academy, and Liao Zhongkai, Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei, and more than a dozen other standing committee members were ranked ahead of him. The purpose of Chiang Kai-shek's seduction of this old lady of the Green Gang is obvious, and it is nothing more than to get the capital he wants from Zhang Renkui.
Before Chiang Kai-shek became the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, he successfully studied with Zhang Renkui at the recommendation of Jin Jinrong.
At that time, in Zhang Renkui's living room, Chiang Kai-shek performed a prostration ceremony, respectfully handed over the doorman's post, and shouted "Master." Zhang Renkui took the post and recognized this apprentice.
Subsequently, at Chiang Kai-shek's request, Zhang Renkui wrote a letter of recommendation to Sun Yat-sen, and after Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Guangzhou, he was indeed given Sun Yat-sen's weight and jumped from a bodyguard to the important post of principal of the Whampoa Military Academy.
With the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek gradually became the most powerful person in the Kuomintang through various means. By the time of the Northern Expedition in 1926, Chiang Kai-shek was already the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition.
Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expedition all the way north, and Zhang Renkui, who was in Zhejiang, gave Chiang Kai-shek a lot of face and took the initiative to declare his submission to the Nationalist government, which made Chiang Kai-shek very happy.
After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, Chiang Kai-shek moved the Nationalist government to Nanjing, becoming the chairman of the committee who combined the power of the party, government and army.
At this time, Zhang Renkui saw that Chiang Kai-shek was already in a position of great power, so he quietly came to Nanjing and returned to him the protégé sticker that Chiang Kai-shek had once handed him, and never again regarded himself as a "master".
Chiang Kai-shek was very satisfied with Zhang Renkui's approach, and although he no longer mentioned the teacher-student relationship with Zhang Renkui, in private, Chiang Kai-shek still called Zhang Renkui "old lady" and showed great respect for Zhang Renkui.
In 1927, the 62-year-old Zhang Renkui submitted his resignation to Chiang Kai-shek on the grounds of old age and frailty, saying that he wanted to move to Shanghai in order to raise his family, and Chiang Kai-shek was very happy with Zhang Renkui's approach and immediately agreed.
Chiang Kai-shek
Four
Zhang Renkui's power can be said to be all over the military and political circles, and even Han Fuyu, the chairman of Shandong Province at the time, became his apprentice.
On September 13, 1933, Zhang Renkui was in his hometown in Tengxian County, Shandong Province, to handle the marriage of his son, shandong province military and political dignitaries all came to give gifts, just happened to be han Fuyu held a military and political meeting on the same day, but there were few people who really came to the scene, because they all went to give gifts to Zhang Renkui.
At that time, Han Fuyu's men, except for a few people, were almost all zhang Renkui's disciples, and these people did not report that they were on leave when they went to give gifts to Zhang Renkui, which showed how powerful Zhang Renkui was.
In this regard, Han Fuyu knew very well in his heart, Han Fuyu seemed to be grinning and rude on the surface, but it could be seen from the fact that he could occupy a seat in the current situation at that time, and his mind was not simple.
Therefore, after careful consideration, Han Fuyu decided to lean on the big tree of Zhang Renkui, and in case of encountering anything in the future, he could lean back on the big tree to cool off, so he decided to worship Zhang Renkui as a teacher and become a disciple of the Qinggang.
Soon, Han Fuyu personally invited Zhang Renkui to Jinan, and when Zhang Renkui arrived in Jinan, Han Fuyu wore a blue robe and black coat and personally went to the station to greet him. When Zhang Renkui got off the train, Han Fuyu hurriedly stepped forward to salute with an extremely respectful attitude.
Amid the welcome of beating gongs and drums, Han Fuyu welcomed Zhang Renkui into the Shandong Provincial Government Hall. Immediately afterward, Han Fuyu respectfully prostrated three heads to Zhang Renkui, took out the protégé post that had been prepared, presented it to Zhang Renkui with both hands over the top, and shouted loudly: "Master, please accept the disciple!" Han Fuyu thus officially joined the Green Gang.
After becoming a disciple of Zhang Renkui, Han Fuyu respected Zhang Renkui very much, and every time he went to Nanjing for a meeting, he would go to Shanghai to visit Zhang Renkui, and Han Fuyu would send money to Zhang Renkui from time to time to honor Zhang Renkui.
Han Fuyu
Five
Zhang Renkui has more than 30,000 disciples and grandchildren in the whole country, and there are 3,000 or 4,000 backbone personnel, infiltrating into various industries in the Republic of China, which can be described as a huge force.
In the spring of 1935, Zhang Renkui established the "Ren Society" at the instigation of his disciples and disciples, with the purpose of surrounding the disciples around Zhang Renkui, so that the disciples around Zhang Renkui could take the community as the center, share the glory and disgrace, and advance and retreat together.
However, at that time, the Nationalist government restricted these gangs and societies very strictly, and if they wanted to form associations, they had to go to the Social Bureau for the record.
But when the report on the establishment of the "Renshe" was reported to Wu Tiecheng, the mayor of Shanghai, it was quickly approved. Because Wu Tiecheng is also Zhang Renkui's protégé.
After the establishment of the "Ren Society", it developed rapidly, and together with the "Rong Society" of Jin Rong and the "Heng Society" of Du Yuesheng, it became the three most powerful groups in the old Shanghai Beach Gang.
Du Yuesheng
In view of Zhang Renkui's power, Chiang Kai-shek also relied heavily on him, and some things that he was inconvenient to come forward would be entrusted to Zhang Renkui to do.
In 1936, Chiang Kai-shek reported that Han Fuyu, chairman of the Shandong provincial government, was secretly colluding with the Japanese. Chiang Kai-shek then asked Zhang Renkui to personally come forward and go to Shandong to persuade Han Fuyu. To this end, Chiang Kai-shek specially sent a telegram to Wu Tiecheng, the mayor of Shanghai, to send a special train to invite Zhang Renkui to travel from Shanghai to Nanjing.
When Zhang Renkui arrived in Nanjing, the welcome position was very spectacular, Chiang Kai-shek personally led hundreds of officials to the station to greet him, and respectfully called Zhang Renkui "old lady", the two talked for a long time, and finally Chiang Kai-shek solemnly asked Zhang Renkui to go to Shandong to persuade Han Fuyu not to cooperate with the Japanese, and Zhang Renkui agreed with great indignation.
After arriving in Shandong, Han Fuyu was also solemnly greeted. Zhang Renkui explained his intentions to Han Fuyu, and in the face of the persuasion of his master Zhang Renkui, although Han Fuyu was reluctant, he was not good at expressing his opposition, he did not directly express his opinion, but let the 4 division commanders under his hand speak first.
But
The 4 division commanders under Han Fuyu's hands were all disciples of Zhang Renkui
They all have great respect for Zhang Renkui, and after listening to Zhang Renkui's analysis, they all think it is very reasonable. Everyone unanimously expressed their respect for Zhang Renkui's intentions. Han Fuyu saw this situation and had no choice but to give up.
After the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China. On August 13, when the Japanese army invaded Shanghai on a large scale, Zhang Renkui asked his disciples to act quickly and contribute to the War of Resistance.
On the eve of the fall of Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek asked Dai Kasa to take Zhang Renkui out, but Zhang Renkui politely refused, saying that he was old and could not afford to run, so he stayed in the French Concession. Since then, he has said that he is sick and refuses to cooperate with the Japanese.
In front of the great national righteousness, most of the disciples of the Green Gang still have the heart of the nation, basically do not cooperate with the Japanese, and even contribute to the nation and the anti-Japanese resistance. For example, Du Yuesheng, after the fall of Shanghai, Du Yuesheng went to Hong Kong, in Hong Kong, he made contributions to the great cause of anti-Japanese resistance. Jin Rong lived in seclusion in the concession and chose not to cooperate with the Japanese.
Zhang Xiaolin, another figure who is one of the "three tycoons" in Shanghai, has embarked on the opposite side of the nation, and he is willing to act as a lackey of the Japanese and become a traitor.
Zhang Xiaolin
According to the generations, Zhang Xiaolin was Zhang Renkui's nephew, and after the fall of Shanghai, he made contact with the Japanese, and in the winter of 1939, with the support of the Japanese, Zhang Xiaolin even prepared to establish the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee and personally serve as a puppet governor.
Chiang Kai-shek was very angry about Zhang Xiaolin's behavior, and he decided to put Dai Kasa in charge of killing Zhang Xiaolin. Dai Kasa asked the military command agents lurking in Shanghai to find Zhang Renkui, and when Zhang Renkui heard the news, he just sighed, and he sent his disciple and bodyguard Lin Huaibu to defect to Zhang Xiaolin and find a machine gun to kill Zhang Xiaolin.
After Zhang Xiaolin's death, the Japanese devils suspected that Zhang Renkui had done it, but they could not find evidence, but they repeatedly went to the door to invite Zhang Renkui out of the mountain, but Zhang Renkui was always unmoved.
At the end of December 1944, Zhang Renkui died in Shanghai Fanyuan.
Six
If it can be said that the Qing gang in Zhang Renkui's period was still more about rules and regulations, then the later rise of Jin Jinrong, Du Yuesheng, and so on completely turned the Green Gang into an accomplice of the Kuomintang reactionaries, became the kuomintang reactionaries' thugs in the dark, and completely violated the gang rules and regulations of the Green Gang.
After the founding of New China, the Green Gang in the mainland scattered, Du Yuesheng went to Hong Kong, and Jin Rong chose to stay because of his advanced age.
The people's government allowed his industry to continue to operate, but because he had done so many bad things, he could not be forgiven by the people. At the behest of the people's government, Jin Rong once published his repentance letter in the newspaper, but he was immediately condemned by the people, and finally under the protection of the people's government, Jin Rong was able to settle down in Shanghai.
On June 20, 1953, Jin Jinrong died in Shanghai at the age of 85.
Today, in Chinese mainland there is no trace of the Green Gang, and in Taiwan Province, China, the Green Gang still exists, but it is no longer called the Green Gang, but in the form of a legal society called the "Chinese Anqin Association", and there are many disciples in all walks of life, which still have a certain influence.