Recently, the 7th Wu Peifu Academic Seminar was held in Beijing. The seminar was hosted by the Chinese Society of Modern History and the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, and hosted by the Jiaodong Character Research Committee of the Shandong Historical Society and the Penglai Historical and Cultural Research Association.
The Beiyang warlords who are active on the stage of modern China can be described as a mixture of fish and dragons, and almost every major warlord has a very unique personality and habits. For example, Feng Guozhang loves money as fate, Zhang Zongchang is lustful, He Jian is tyrannical and murderous... Regardless of their political and military talents, as far as dealing with people is concerned, there are very few people with strong "private morality."
Wu Peifu is an alternative existence. Wu Peifu (Chinese: 吴佩福; pinyin: Wáng Péfīng), a native of Penglai, Shandong, was a warlord leader directly under the Republic of China and a first-class general of the National Revolutionary Army. Wu Peifu especially admired "Martial Saint" Guan Yu and Qi Jiguang, a fellow villager of Penglai and a "famous general of the Anti-Japanese War", who had three major creeds in his life: he did not accumulate wealth, and in his later years he once relied on people to help him; he was a rare good man at that time; he did not enter the concession when he was frustrated, and did not attach himself to foreign forces. He paid attention to self-cultivation in his life, was honest and self-disciplined, and was called a leader in the Military Circles of beiyang warlords and even the political arena of the Republic of China.
Wu Peifu Mobao??
Wu Peifu started from scratch and successively entered the Kaiping Wubei Academy and the Baoding Army Accelerated Military Academy in his early years, and after graduation, he served in the staff office of the Beiyang Supervision And Training Institute. During the Xinhai Revolution, he followed Cao Kun and later grew up to become the leader of the warlords directly under his direct lineage.
Wu Peifu's troops are training??
In 1922, the First Zhifeng War broke out, and the 48-year-old Wu Peifu was appointed commander-in-chief of the Zhi army, and Zhang Zuolin's 120,000-strong Feng army was sent outside Shanhaiguan. After this battle, Wu Peifu became famous.
In 1923, in order to solve the problem of narrow congress venues, the Beiyang government planned to demolish the three halls of the Forbidden City and convert them into Western-style parliaments. After Wu Peifu heard about it, he immediately sent a telegram to a high-ranking government official expressing his resolute opposition, and after that, various newspapers and periodicals rushed to publish Wu's telegram, which was resolutely supported by the whole country, and the three halls of the Forbidden City were protected.
The courtyard where Wu Peifu lived in Luoshi??
At the time of his reign, Wu Peifu was in Luoyang, Henan, and in his heyday, he supported hundreds of thousands of troops and controlled the territory of Zhili, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei and other provinces. At that time, there were 18 provinces in the country where the representative offices of the overseers and governors were located in Luoyang, and Luoyang became the center of all parties' admiration, which was called the "West Palace" at that time.
On the occasion of Wu Peifu's 50th birthday, there were as many as 600 to 700 dignitaries, cultural celebrities, and envoys from all over the country who came to Luoyang to celebrate his birthday. Wu Peifu had become the most powerful warlord in the north at that time, and Luoyang had actually become the political and military center of the north. Cao Kun commented: "As long as Luoyang sneezes, it will rain in Beijing and Tianjin. ”?
In 1924, Wu Peifu became the cover man of Time magazine in the United States, and he was also the first Chinese to appear on the cover of the magazine. In addition to his own strength, the "hometown friendship" with the editor-in-chief of Time magazine also added a lot of points to him.
The founder of Time magazine was the American Ruth, whose father was a missionary sent to China by the Presbyterian Church of the American Christian Church, so Ruth was born in Penglai, Shandong Province, and spent 14 spring and autumn in China. He later returned to the United States, and at the age of 25, Ruth, who graduated from Yale University, founded Time magazine and made it one of the three major current affairs weekly magazines in the United States. Since then, he has founded Fortune Magazine and Life Magazine, both of which are now the world's most important magazines and weekly magazines.
Left Henry Luce??
The special growth experience has always allowed Ruth to maintain a special complex for China. In his childhood, Ruth witnessed the poverty and social darkness of China, and saw the situation of warlords fighting and the people's livelihood. Obviously, Ruth admired Wu Peifu's military strength and morality, and he believed that among the various warlords, Wu Peifu had the most strength and hope to unify China, dissolve the war, and change the situation of warlord chaos. So, on the cover of that issue of Time magazine, Ruth labeled Wu Peifu "BiggestmaninChina," or "China's strongest."
After the "9/18 Incident," In order to speed up the pace of aggression against China, Japan did everything possible to bribe traitors to serve them. As the central figure in the Beiyang warlords after Yuan Shikai and Duan Qirui, Wu Peifu naturally became the focus of Japanese attention. In order to lure Wu Peifu, Araki, the head of the Japanese secret service, promised "100,000 rifles, 2,000 machine guns, 500 cannons, a number of bullets, and a million yuan", but Wu Peifu refused.
After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, after learning the news of the Nanjing Massacre, Wu Peifu went on a hunger strike for a whole day in protest. The Nationalist army blew up the Yellow River embankment at the mouth of the garden, and he rejoiced that many Japanese were drowned, but also sad for the homeless 1.4 million Chinese. Since then, the leaders of Japanese secret agents, Toihara and Kawamoto, have taken turns to co-opt and coerce, but they have not been able to make Wu Peifu give up his national integrity.
Because of this, when Wu Peifu was alive, he left the reputation of "Jade Shuai". On December 4, 1939, Wu Peifu died suddenly after asking a Japanese dentist to see a doctor due to a recurrence of dental disease and high fever. At that time, it was widely believed that Wu Peifu died a strange death, and it was suspected that Wu Peifu was deliberately killed by the Japanese.
Wu Pei Fu LingTang
On January 24, 1940, a large-scale funeral ceremony was held in the streets of Peiping under Japanese and puppet rule. 64 strong men carrying Wu Peifu's coffin, dragged by the mourners, slowly moved forward, tens of thousands of Beiping citizens spontaneously followed, the lengthy funeral procession was very large, lasted a whole day. At the same time, in Chongqing, the capital of the country, the National Government also organized a memorial meeting for 10,000 people to commend its ethnic festivals.
At that time, Dong Biwu, a representative of the CPC in Chongqing, spoke to reporters. Dong Biwu said that Wu Peifu has two points that are different from other warlords. "First, in his lifetime, he worshipped the great figures in the history of our country, Guan and Yue, and when he failed, he did not go abroad, nor did he live in the concession to lose himself. Second, Wu shi has been an official for decades, has ruled the territory of several provinces, led hundreds of thousands of soldiers, has no private reserves, has no land property, has a clean name, compared with his warlords at the same time with millions of dollars, it is finally valuable. ”
As a warlord, Wu Peifu also had the stain of exhaustive military force and suppression of labor, especially his suppression of the Beijing-Hankou railway workers' strike, which became his irrefutable black mark.
The merits and demerits of the heroes are always left to time to judge. The Wu Peifu Seminar, which has been held for seven sessions, has continuously enriched Wu Peifu's character image and historical status. As Geng Yunzhi, a member of the Faculty of The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a historian, said, history should not be solved by a single-line, monochromatic description, but "we should objectively, comprehensively, systematically, and deeply study the real situation of various figures and forces in accordance with the basic theories and methods of Marxism, so that we will be closer to historical facts."
Qilu Evening News Qilu one-point reporter Zhang Jiulong ???