In 1974, the excavation team of the Liaoning Provincial Museum and the Liaoning Tieling Regional Cultural Relics Group cleaned up a tomb of a Khitan noblewoman of the Liao Dynasty (Tomb No. 7) in Faku Yemaotai, and the two scrolls of landscapes and flowers and birds hanging from the east and west walls of the wooden coffin were an important result of this excavation, one of which was the "Deep Mountain Chess Map" that attracted much attention from the academic community. "Deep Mountain Chess Diagram" is the most reliable early vertical axis landscape painting work found so far, and its landscape painting appearance is close to the Style of Central Plains Landscape Painting represented by Jing Hao and Guan Tong in the early Five Dynasties of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The Surging News learned that on January 7, 2022, "Deep Mountain Chess Map" was exhibited at the Liaoning Provincial Museum's opening exhibition "Picturesque Rivers and Mountains - Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection of Ancient Chinese Vertical Axis Landscape Painting Exhibition", along with 65 fine vertical axis landscape paintings from the collection, such as The Songshou Tu of Ma Yuan of the Song Dynasty, the "Proud Map of the BianZhou" of the Yuan Dynasty, the "Wei Garden Ya Collection Map" of Shen Zhou of the Ming Dynasty, and the "Futon Map of the Huts" of Tang Yin of the Ming Dynasty.
Led by "Deep Mountain Chess Chart", Liaobo's new exhibition "Picturesque Rivers and Mountains"
In 1974, the excavation team of the Liaoning Provincial Museum and the Liaoning Tieling Regional Cultural Relics Group cleaned up a tomb of a Khitan noblewoman of the Liao Dynasty (Tomb No. 7) in Faku Ye Maotai, and the original tomb was hung in the wooden coffin chamber on the east and west walls of the two scrolls of landscape and flowers and birds, which was an important result of the excavation.
Liao Dynasty Anon. Deep Mountain Chess Chart
One of the landscape paintings has attracted the attention of scholars. The painting is green and heavy in color, and the color is bright as new. The upper part of the cliff is steep and covered with white clouds; there is a pine forest pavilion between the central cliffs, and the two people with painted clothes and belts in front of the pavilion are sitting on the open ground facing each other on the cliff, and another child servant is waiting; there is a tunnel below the cliff, and the front door is opened, and outside the door there is a wide robe and a large sleeve, wearing a high crown, and the staff walks toward the tunnel, followed by two child servants, the former carrying a thing, which seems to be a wine gourd, and the latter bears a piano bag. The whole picture gives people a sense of detachment.
Since there is neither the author's name nor the collection seal in the painting, archaeologists generally call the two paintings "landscape" and "flowers and birds" according to the types of subject matter, which is naturally out of a safe consideration. However, as far as this landscape is concerned, it is obviously an extraordinary painting depicting nature, and the relevant experts have named it "Deep Mountain Chess Map" based on the activities of the characters in the painting.
Regarding the theme, style, age and attribution of the author of this painting, Yang Renkai believes that this work has the characteristics of the Northern Song Dynasty Li Cheng's "upward painting cornice" in the architectural painting method, the tree painting method is consistent with the characteristics of Dong Yuan and Juran in Jiangnan in the five dynasties, the cliff stone imitation is similar to the Southern Tang Weixian's "Gao Shi Tu", and the pen has a strong nature, and its creation date was when it was in the liao taizong meeting three years to the eighteenth year of Muzong's calendar, that is, around 940 to 968 AD, showing the "mountain forest seclusion" of the Han scholar class. In addition, Suzuki believes that the building in the painting is a temple. Li Qingquan proposed that the rear of the Huiqi people depicted a deep mansion compound with a gallery, and the Han-style mansion buildings depicted in Song works such as "Wen Ji Gui Han Tu" of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston are all of this form.
Liao Dynasty Anon. Deep Mountain Chess Diagram (Partial)
Li Qingquan believes that the "Deep Mountain Chess Diagram" reflects the spiritual sustenance of the tomb owner and his contemporaries for the soul to go to the fairyland after death, so it is by no means used to decorate the tomb room at will, nor is it likely to be a collection for the tomb owner to play elegantly before he died. According to relevant accounts, the condition of the framed excavation of this work is relatively simple, the sides of the painting are neither henched nor edged, the pole is only made of bamboo, and there are stitch marks after cracking on the silk side under the pole. These signs show that the work is just a "meditation painting" dedicated to the martyrdom of noble families.
"Deep Mountain Chess Diagram" is the most reliable early vertical axis landscape painting work found so far, and its landscape painting appearance is close to the Style of Central Plains Landscape Painting represented by Jing Hao and Guan Tong in the early Northern Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, but the pen and ink are still simple. This figure provides a physical illustration for the study of the exchange of painting art between the Central Plains and the northern region at that time, and provides a reliable identification yardstick for the study of landscape paintings handed down from generation to generation in the Liao Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the early Northern Song Dynasty.
The exhibition site of "Picturesque Rivers and Mountains - Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Vertical Axis Landscape Paintings collected by the Liaoning Provincial Museum"
The Surging News learned that on January 7, 2022, "Deep Mountain Chess Map" was exhibited at the Liaoning Provincial Museum's opening exhibition "Picturesque Rivers and Mountains - Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection of Ancient Chinese Vertical Axis Landscape Painting Exhibition", along with 65 pieces of fine vertical axis landscape paintings from the collection such as Ma Yuan's "Songshou Tu" of the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty's Anon.
Song Dynasty Ma Yuan Song Shou Tu
Yuan Dynasty Anon. Bian Zhou Proud Eye Chart
Yuan Dynasty Anon. Bian Zhou Ao Guan Tu (Partial)
From the collection to the morning reading, it shows the poetry and paintings of the Jiangnan scholars
In this exhibition, calligraphy and paintings from the Ming and Qing dynasties account for a large proportion, including Dai Jin's "Poetic Intentions of Xitang" in the Ming Dynasty, "Taolin Gathering Birds" by Lü Ji in the Ming Dynasty, and "WeiYuan YaJitu" by Shen Zhou in the Ming Dynasty.
Tang Yin's "Futon Map of the Hut" of the Ming Dynasty, Wen Boren's "Songfeng GaoshiTu" of the Ming Dynasty, Xiang Shengmu's "Qing Tan Tu under the Forest" of the Ming Dynasty, Lan Ying's "Mountain Pavilion Yanqiu Map" of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yuanqi's "Imitation of Huang Gongwang Landscape Map" of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Yi's "Antique Four Seasons Picture Screen" (4 pieces), Wu Li's "Nanyue Songyun Map" of the Qing Dynasty, Mei Qing's "Wangtiandu Peak Map" of the Qing Dynasty, and Shi Tao's "Lonely Boat Near the Waterfall Map" of the Qing Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty Dai Jin Xitang poetic intention
Ming Dynasty Xiang Shengmu Linxia Qing Tan Tu
Among them, the Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou's "Wei Yuan Ya Ji Tu" axis is a painting by Shen Shi when he was forty-three years old, which is a typical realistic work. The painting creates an atmosphere of landscape pavilions and forest springs. In the distance, the peaks are steep and lightly covered with mist; near the summit and the central mountainside, there are many slowly upward terraces, and the spring water flows down from the mountain stream to form a brown-brown stream. There is a small bridge next to the stream, and four people sit on the ground in the hut, and the book boy is standing on his side listening to the master's orders, and an old man comes with a staff. Up and down the mountain, the grass and trees are verdant, and the maple leaves are dotted with red and fire-like leaves, which adds a bit of beautiful scenery to the resort. The painter is both dyeing and dyeing, and the picture constructed is majestic and calm, and the painting heart and the painter have a total of six inscriptions, which is actually a masterpiece of poetry, calligraphy and painting melted into a furnace.
Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou Wei Garden Ya Collection Map
"Wei Yuan Ya Ji Tu" mainly follows the painting style of Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, supplemented by Huang Gongwang's platform composition, and the layout is real and virtual, and there is a sense of slackness. From the painting, it can be clearly seen that the painter's painstaking management of the block factor: the mountain stone is draped with hemp, which appears rough and powerful; the dense change of the pencil strengthens the black and white contrast of the picture. In particular, the stone slope in the middle of the picture with more blank space and layers stacked on the upper right stretches out the darker parts around it, forming a tension. At the local level of depicting mountains, Shen Zhou adopts the method of viewpoint movement. This is his usual method. His middle-aged "Lushan Gaotu" adopted this method. In the "Wei Yuan Ya Collection", he took the Dharma King Meng, dotted the moss with thick ink, and used the ink thick and light. Shen Zhou's landscape paintings show the characteristics of fine in their early years and coarse in their later years in their expression. The painting style of "Wei YuanYajitu" is in a period of change from thin to thick, which is a work of his painting style transformation period.
At the top of the Wei YuanYaJitu are inscriptions by Shen Zhou, Zhu Hao, Liu Jue, Shu And others. According to the title of the article, I learned that the situation at that time was: Shen Zhou, Shu, Liu Jue, Zhu Hao, Zhou Ding and others gathered at Wei Chang's (Gongmei) home to drink, and the statement first recited a poem, and then everyone summed up according to the rhyme of the statement, so they each composed a poem. Shen Zhou drew a painting with the help of wine and asked everyone to write the poems they had written on the paintings, but when they were inscribed on the paintings, they were not arranged in the order of the poems. In the end, the master Wei Chang collected the pen and wrote a small preface (跋語). The prologue to "Becoming Ugly" is 1469 AD.
Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou Wei Yuan Ya Collection (Partial)
The elegant collections, which are mainly poetry and wine literature and paintings, and Qinqi calligraphy and paintings, are the noble entertainment that prevailed among the literati and doctors in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and it is also a traditional theme of literati painting. The content of the picture and the inscription left on the painting by the participants in the collection are a silent documentary from today's point of view, which has considerable realism and therefore has considerable research value.
Tang Yin's "Futon Diagram of the Hut" of the Ming Dynasty is the most abundant and mature work of Tang Yin's middle and late period of creation, depicting the scene of morning reading on the futon of the shiren in the early autumn of Jiangnan. The environment of the picture is elegant and quiet, giving people a deep and dignified feeling, presenting a vivid scene of nature. It belongs to the rare thick and dignified works in Tang's works.
Painting the scenery of early autumn in Jiangnan, the environment is elegant and quiet, giving people a deep and dignified feeling, presenting a vivid scene of nature, undulating mountains, morning fog flying, babbling streams, and the sound of books. The foreground painted straw hut at the foot of the mountain, the house of a gentleman sitting on his knees on a futon, looking sideways at the bookboy walking on the stone bridge, and there are several scrolls in the house, as if reading in the morning. The scene of the whole picture is fresh and quiet, dignified and refined, which fully expresses the author's yearning and pursuit of xanadu life, as well as his disgust for fame and profit in real life, luxury and lasciviousness.
Ming Dynasty Tang Yin Thatched House Futon Diagram
At the same time, there is a self-titled paragraph on the left side of the picture: "In the virtual pavilion forest, the water is dry." The trial group sat down, and the leaves sounded cold early. Tang Yin painting. "XiaJu" Tang Jushi" Zhu Wen Fangyin, "Nanjing Xieyuan" Zhu Wen Changfangyin. Qi Shou Plutonium "Wu Trend" Zhu Wen Yuanyin. The whole picture is light and moist, and the characters are vivid, showing the artistic style of Tang's works that is both graceful and elegant, but also rich and energetic.
The vertical axis of landscapes gathers and unfolds, "swimming through" between the various colors of the scenery
Starting from the Analects of "The Knower Enjoys Water, the Benevolent One Enjoys The Mountain", Chinese have a rich affection for the landscape. The joy of landscape is a plain and innocent elegant feeling; the joy of landscape is the yearning of the peach blossom source in people's hearts; the joy of landscape is the calm intuition of "the unity of heaven and man". The ancients spoke of poetry with poetry, but they revealed their true disposition in their paintings, so landscape painting has become an important artistic carrier of the essence of traditional Chinese cultural thought. Since the maturity and perfection of Chinese landscape painting in the early Song Dynasty of the Fifth Dynasty, it has gradually become the most important lineage of Chinese painting.
According to the organizers, the rich collection of ancient paintings in the Liaoning Provincial Museum is an important part of Liaoning's cultural heritage. "This time, we have selected a collection of fine ancient vertical axis landscape paintings to gather for an exhibition to show the unique artistic connotation and charm of ancient vertical axis landscape paintings. Through this exhibition, we perceive that landscape is an important part of the community of life, so as to further appreciate the Chinese nation's concept of nature and cosmology of 'the unity of heaven and man'. ”
Ming Dynasty Wen Boren Songquan Yishi tu
Vertical axis landscape painting is different from the hand-scrolled landscape painting section by section of the appreciation of the way, the viewer will suddenly open up in the face of the vertical axis picture, under the panorama, with the line of sight "through" between the various colors of the scenery, "do not go to the feast, sit in the poor spring, apes and birds cry, according to the ear, the mountains and water colors, the dazzling", immersive in the world of landscape painting to feel the harmony of life.
Qing Dynasty Wang Yuanqi Early Spring In the Mountains
It is reported that the exhibition will last until April 10, 2022.
Attached: Exhibits catalogue
Liao Dynasty Anon. Deep Mountain Chess Chart
Song Dynasty Ma Yuan Song Shou Tu
Yuan Dynasty Anon
Ming Dynasty Dai Jin Xitang poetic intention
Ming Dynasty Anon. Shui Xie Shan Guo Tu
Ming Dynasty Lü Ji Taolin Gathering Poultry Map
Ming Dynasty Shen Zhen Bamboo Furnace Mountain House Map
Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou Wei Yuan Ya collection map
Ming Dynasty Tang Yin Thatched Futon Diagram
Ming Dynasty Xie Shichen Hufu Chunqing map
Ming Dynasty Qian Yu Bamboo Pavilion game diagram
Ming Dynasty Wen Jia Qiao Lin Qing Ying Map
Ming Dynasty Wen Boren Songfeng Gaoshitu
Ming Dynasty Wen Boren Songquan Yishi tu
Ming Dynasty Sun Zhifeng backroads
Ming Dynasty Zhu Lang Xianshan Pavilion Map
Ming Dynasty Li Liufang Water Pavilion Distant Mountain Map
Ming Dynasty Shao Mi Gao Yan dragging staff diagram
Ming Dynasty Xiang Shengmu Linxia Qing Tan Tu
Ming Dynasty Guan Si Stop Boat Hanging Lun Diagram
Ming Dynasty Lan Ying Shan Ge Yan Qiu Tu
Ming Dynasty Lan Ying Xi Bridge Pillar Staff Diagram
Qing Dynasty Wang Yuanqi imitates huang gongwang landscape map
Qing Dynasty Wang Yuanqi Early Spring In the Mountains
Qing Dynasty Wang Yi Antique Four Seasons Picture Screen (4 pieces)
Qing Dynasty Wu Li Nanyue Songyun Map
Qing Dynasty Mei Qing Wangtiandu Peak Map
Qing Dynasty Shi Tao Lonely Boat Near the Waterfall Map
Qing Dynasty Shi Tao Ancient wood weeping shade map
Qing Dynasty Gong Xian A flying spring map
Qing Dynasty Fan Ji Taoyuan Map
Qing Dynasty Gao Jian Caotang sitting alone
Qing Dynasty Tong Shijin Autumn Forest Walking Chart
Qing Dynasty Chen XingFeng Qianjian Diagram
Qing Dynasty Huang Xiangjian Peak Cliff Noisy Map
Qing Dynasty Gu Fu Shu Drunken Weng Pavilion Diagram
Qing Dynasty Wen Dian Tong Yin Qing dialect diagram
Qing Dynasty Wen point Stop boat talk old map
Early Qing Dynasty Pan Xishan Reading Chart
In the early Qing Dynasty, Luo Mu shulin was far away from the mountain map
Qing Dynasty Anon. Qingyan Accord Diagram
Qing Dynasty Yuan Jiang Xishan travel map
Qing Dynasty Shen Tingrui Yansong Proud Year Map
Qing Dynasty Zhu Lunhan Xianshan Chunxiaotu
Qing Dynasty Fang Shishu Mountain Cangyu Hidden Map
Qing Dynasty Wang Yu Xi mountain fishing hidden map
Qing Dynasty Zhang Zongcang Linhuang Gongwang landscape map
Qing Dynasty Shen Feng Broken Mountain Congzhi Map
Qing Dynasty Zhou Kasa Chunshan Xiaoxiao map
Qing Dynasty Dong Bang Da Xia Shan Estate Guo Tu
Qing Dynasty Zhang Qia Wanmu Sen Qiutu
Qing Dynasty Wu Lu imitates Ni Zhan's early autumn figure
Qing Dynasty Shen Zongqian Famous Mountain Reading Map
Qing Dynasty Song Baochun Shuizhou landscape map
Qing Dynasty Pan Gongshou imitates Wang Mengshan landscape map
Qing Dynasty Wan Shang Qiao Hundred Dao Fei Quan Map
Qing Dynasty Gu Heqing Shiliang Fang Guangtu
Qing Dynasty Wang Yuzhang Beiyuan Chunshan Map
Qing Dynasty Dai Xi Xutang Lezhitu
Qing Dynasty Zhang Zhiwan Yunlan Autumn Waterfall Map
Qing Dynasty Qin Zuyong imitates Tang Yin landscape map
Qing Dynasty Gu Hu imitated Wang Mengshan landscape map
Qing Dynasty Jiang Yun Snow Trail Exploration Spring Map