Empty boats
Shen Zhou has drawn many farewell drawings.
At the age of 65, he painted another painting called "Farewell To jingjiang". At this time in Jiangnan, the willows are lush and the scenery is unlimited. The person he painted, Wu Yu, was a friend of Shen Zhou and the father-in-law of Wen Zhengming, who was on his way to Xuzhou (present-day Yibin, Sichuan) as a Taishou. He took the boat far away, and looked at the shore with his hands, on the side of the vast river, and the crowd said goodbye.
Part of the "Farewell Map of Jingjiang" Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou
Limited by the geographical environment and the trend of high mountains, it has always been the best choice to go from east to west and drive a boat.
As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, the poet Lu You set out from Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and traveled more than 1,500 kilometers to Kuí Prefecture (present-day Fengjie, Chongqing) to take up his post, a journey that lasted about 160 days and was recorded in detail in his famous "Record of Entering Shu", and the means of transportation used were boats.
Part of the "Farewell Map of Jingjiang" Ming Dynasty Shen Zhou
Sailing at a distance is not a comfortable thing. Fortunately, when people have a solution, the long journey becomes a graceful thing. As the Ming Dynasty painter Yao Shou inscribed at the end of Qian Xuan's "Floating Jade Mountain Jutu": "Relying on this in the boat can dissipate the sun, and half a Pixi vine is interesting."
Xi Teng is rice paper used for painting. During the Tang and Song dynasties, most of the ancient vines in the Jiangnan region were used to make paper, because most of the ancient vines at that time came from the shàn creek near the sheng (shèng) prefecture, which was made of ancient vines, often referred to as stream vines or rattan paper. Therefore, Yao Shuo's inscription tells the elegance in the boat: because there is rattan paper for painting in the boat, the fun immediately increases.
"Floating Jade Mountain Jutu" part of the Yuan Dynasty Qian Xuan
Painting in a boat, or appreciating paintings, is not uncommon.
Expert Fu Shen verified that Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty traveled eight times and took the waterway. Traveling in the water, a long voyage, bringing a pen and paper that can be recorded and a masterpiece to enjoy is the most satisfying thing. First, the literati can use pen and ink to sketch the scenery, and second, with the change of mood, they can also read the paintings and write the paintings as a souvenir. Dong Qichang's inscription on the top of Wang Meng's "Qingbian Hermitage Map" is "The First Wang Shuming Painting under heaven", which was made at the time of the boat: Gengshen Mid-Autumn Day, inscribed in the Baizhang boat of the Gate Season of JinChang (chāng).
"Qiushan Caotang Map" part of the Yuan Dynasty Wang Meng
However, the boat that can be painted is no longer a boat, but a boat with certain regulations. The boat that is really leisurely on the water is commonly found in Wu Zhen's paintings.
His "Lutan Fishing Boat Map" is divided into three parts: the left side is an ancient tree on the cliff wall, with a rough stroke of the pen; the middle is blank, the scenery is desolate, at this time, only a leaf flat boat floats in the river, the fisherman in the boat hangs the fishing rod, and the zhào returns; on the right is a self-titled poem that balances the picture, he writes: Red Leaf Village West Sun Shadow Yu, Huanglu Beach On the shore of the moon, lightly dialing the tree, and returning to the boat, hanging the fishing rod does not fish.
Lutan fishing boat map Yuan Dynasty Wuzhen
In ancient China, the image of the fisherman and the way of life of the fisherman were classic symbols and symbols of the hermit culture. Since the Mongols went south, the Han literati had no way to enter, their social status plummeted, and most of them chose to hide in the mountains, so Yu Yin frequently appeared on paper silk.
However, Wu Zhen's fisherman father is more free, he only cares about a leisurely, and does not seem to care about addiction or not addiction, as he wrote: lightly dialing the tree, and returning to the fish, hanging up the fishing rod and not fishing.
Part of "Lutan Fishing Boat Map"
Jiang Song of the Ming Dynasty also painted small boats. His "Fishing Boat Reading Chart" deliberately portrays a kind of leisure - on the lake around the lake, a canopy boat is swaying, only to see the fishing rod inserted obliquely in the boat, no one to take care of it, and a person sitting quietly reading at the stern, or has fallen into the mind.
Fishing Boat Reading Figure Ming Dynasty Jiang Song
The long-standing boat, Zhuangzi also said that he wrote such an interesting story in the "Mountain Wood" chapter:
One man crossed the river in a boat, and another small boat was about to crash. He exhaled without smelling, exhaling without smelling, so he broke out and scolded. When the boat arrived, he found that the visitor was an empty boat, so all his anger disappeared without a trace in an instant.
Part of "Fishing Boat Reading Map"
Zhuangzi went on to write: Xiang is not angry and is now angry, and Xiang is also vain and now is also real. Man can make a fool of himself to travel the world, and he can harm him.
The gist of it is that whether emotions change depends on whether there is anyone on the boat, and if you regard yourself as an empty boat, lower yourself, and make yourself travel around the world, what can hurt you?
Obviously, compared with Wu Zhen's fisherman father and Jiang Song's boat reading, Zhuangzi's empty boat is more into the world. People in this world, just like the navigators on this river, but what kind of boat they want to drive varies from person to person.
Author: Mo Yi'ao, a writer, has long been engaged in the writing of pan-cultural content such as Chinese and Western art history and humanistic history, and all articles are currently published on the WeChat public accounts "LCA" and "Mo Yi'ao's".
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