In 1127, the Jin army captured kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and abducted more than 3,000 people, including Emperor Huizong of Song, the father and son of Emperor Qinzong of Song, as well as the chambers and ministers of The Zhao and Song Dynasties.
After that, the Jin army escorted Song Huizong and Song Qinzong all the way to the northeast, and on the way north, they who were originally dressed in gold and jade food tasted hardships. During the years of captivity in the Northern Kingdom, the father and son emperors were also insulted by the Jin people.
According to yeshi records, when Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song were imprisoned in the Five Kingdoms City, they could only live in the courtyard, relying on burning firewood and thatch for warmth, and often froze to sleep. After the death of Emperor Huizong of Song, the body was actually made into lamp oil. Song Qinzong continued to suffer, and finally died of old age and illness, and was trampled by the golden lord Yan Liang with a chaotic horse's iron hooves.
The demise of the Northern Song Dynasty had a lot to do with the fainting of the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song. If they really receive such karma, this is of course enough to wake up future generations, to always think of danger in peace, to guard against microaggressions, and to work hard and be promising.
However, after all, Yeshi is a wild history, and now some film and television dramas have deliberately exaggerated the suffering of Song Huizong's father and son. This history needs to be debunked.
First, the policy of the Golden State - preferential treatment of prisoners
The founder of the Jin Dynasty was a Jurchen tribe that originated between the White Mountains and Black Water in the northeast. Although they were still in a slave society in their early days, this does not mean that the Jurchens did not have brains.
As early as the process of attacking the Bohai and Liao states, the Jurchens realized the importance of preferential treatment of prisoners.
Jin Taizu fought in his own military expansion and once issued such an edict:
"Do not be worried about surrendering, do not indulge in captivity", "When the king and the master arrive, those who surrender will forgive their sins, and the officials will remain the same." ”
In dealing with enemies who came to surrender or be captured, Jin Taizu's policy was to forgive their sins and maintain their official positions as usual.
After the destruction of the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, the Jin state's policy of preferential treatment of prisoners continued to be implemented.
In particular, emperors like Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song had a higher living treatment than that of the general nobles of the Jin Dynasty.
Second, the difficult road of "Northern Hunting"
The "change of Jingkang" is also known as the "shame of Jingkang". The two emperors were sent by the enemy country to a bitter cold place thousands of miles away, which was a great shame for the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, the Song people called this "Northern Hunting", euphemistically saying that the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song went hunting in the north.
So, how about this hunting trip?
Historically, the person escorting Emperor Huizong of Song was Emperor Huanzong of Jin. Emperor Yan zongwang was known for his benevolence, known as the "Bodhisattva Prince", and he took many pictures of Emperor Huizong of Song along the way. For example, he ordered the Northern Song ministers Wang Zongqiu, Wang Shen, and Li Chang to be the governors and take care of the daily life of Emperor Huizong of Song.
In terms of food and clothing, Yan Zongwang also took good care of it, such as:
"Huimiao (Emperor Huizong of Song) and Empress Xiansu broke a sheep and a fight. The kings, the emperors, and the gefen, or four broken one sheep, or six broken one sheep, the rice is counted, and the man gives two liters. ("Southern Expedition Record Receipt")
"The Jin people paid for the road, and daojun (Emperor Huizong of Song) gave one hundred and fifty taels (units of cloth)." ("The Tale of the Northern Hunt")
Therefore, during the northward journey, the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song were not clothed and hungry, but received preferential treatment, not only grain to eat, but also to eat mutton.
On the way north, Yan Zongwang considered that Song Huizong was physically and mentally exhausted, and even took the initiative to invite him to watch a polo performance, "offerings are very thick"
Of course, the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song received preferential treatment from the senior generals of the Jin Dynasty because of their special status, but other concubines and palace women were not so lucky.
Third, shangjing "sheep leading ceremony" insulted?
Some people believe that the "sheep-leading ceremony" is a unique ceremony of surrender in the Golden Kingdom. Actually, this is wrong. The "sheep leading ceremony" also existed in the ancient Central Plains.
In 597 BC, King Zhuang of Chu attacked the State of Zheng, and Zheng Xianggong led the sheep out; in December 975 BC, the Northern Song Dynasty conquered Jinling, and the Southern Tang Dynasty fell, and the later lord Li Yu also led the sheep out.
When in 1128 AD, after the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song arrived in Jinshangjing, they held a sacrifice ceremony, according to the regulations, Song captives should be naked, covered with sheep fur, tied with felt strips around their waists, and enter the Taimiao Temple to perform rituals.
But for Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song and their concubines, the Jin people still had a face of affection, they only needed to remove the outer robes, there was no need to go bare..
After the end of the "sheep-drawing ceremony", the Jin State treated The father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song with leniency, and named Emperor Huizong of Song the Duke of Huizong (later promoted to the Prince of Tianshui County, in order to show respect), and Emperor Qinzong of Song the Marquis of Zhongxiao (later promoted to the Duke of Tianshui County, removing the meaning of humiliation).
Although the name is humiliating, the treatment behind it is not bad. Emperor Huizong of Song was made a duke, equivalent to Erpin, enjoyed the corresponding material treatment, and was higher than the level of the general Jinguo nobles.
Four or five kingdoms city "sitting in the well and watching the sky"?
Emperor Huizong of Song lived in Shangjing for more than two months, and was moved to Hanzhou (present-day Changtu, Liaoning).
In order to resettle these nearly a thousand Northern Song captives, the Jin people had already moved the Jurchens here earlier.
Here, the Jin people gave them 45 dumps of land for productive life. In ancient times, 1 hectare was 50 city acres, and 1 city acre was slightly less than the current 1 acre, that is to say, the land for Song Dynasty captives to cultivate was about 2,000 acres, which would definitely ensure their livelihood.
Later, for safety, the Jin moved Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song, their concubines and attendants to the more distant City of the Five Kingdoms (present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang). Following the previous practice, the Jin people still gave them land for farming.
In terms of residence, there is now a very popular saying that Song Huizong was imprisoned in the courtyard and could only "sit in the well and watch the sky".
But this is not the case. Song Huizong once wrote a "poem about broken intestines", with two sentences in the middle: "The west wind shakes the door all night, and the depression is faint in the isolated house." ”
It can be seen that although the living conditions are simple, he lives in the house.
Generally speaking, the material life of Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song in the Five Kingdoms City should be well clothed and fed. This can be reflected from another perspective: Emperor Huizong of Song also gave birth to 4 sons and 8 daughters in the Five Kingdoms City, and Emperor Qinzong of Song also gave birth to 2 sons and 2 daughters.
In terms of spiritual life, the two also gained comfort. Emperor Huizong of Song once wrote thousands of poems in the Northern Kingdom, but only a few dozen survived.
Emperor Huizong of Song lived in the Five Kingdoms City for a full 5 years before he died. Just imagine, if he really couldn't eat enough and didn't cover his body before, how could he survive such a long period of time?
After the death of Emperor Huizong of Song, he was cremated by the Jin people. This is not used to boil lamp oil, but a local custom.
Emperor Qinzong of Song lived in the Five Kingdoms City until 1141 AD, and was moved to the more favorable shangjing city (present-day Balin Zuoqilin, Inner Mongolia). In 1153, Yan Liang moved the capital to Yanjing (present-day Beijing), and then moved Song Qinzong to Yanjing. Emperor Qinzong of Song lived here for 3 years and died of illness in 1156. When Kim Sejong was in power, he would be Emperor Qinzong of Song
The solemn burial of the Northern Song Emperor's mausoleum in Gong County, Henan Province, is undoubtedly a preferential treatment for Song Qinzong.
It's just that for Song Qinzong, he is afraid that he has no face to face the ancestors.