introduction:
The last Changping, the general who died in the face of the enemy.
Who is Zhao Kuo? The protagonist of the paper soldiers in history, the former Zhao Guo general Star Seed, and the later Zhao Jun gravedigger.
In 280 BC, Zhao Kuo's father Zhao Hao was ordered to attack the city of Maiqiu in the State of Qi, and the Qi army was coordinated by the disciples of the Mo family, and the Zhao army attacked the city unfavorably. At the critical moment, Zhao Kuo suggested to the old father: Father, at this time, the attack should be suspended, and ask the city whether Xu is going to make plans again.
Listening to his son's advice, Zhao Hao took several Qi army prisoners and inquired about it, knowing that the city had run out of grain.
Subsequently, Zhao Kuo, who was well versed in the art of war, immediately suggested: "Siege the city is the bottom, attack the heart is the top", let the father release the prisoners back to the city, and also suggested that the old father throw grain into the maiqiu city every day.
After this came and went, qi guoshou was depressed, so he wrote to Zhao Jun, saying: If you want to fight, you will fight, don't play tricks.
When Zhao Kuo saw it, he suggested that the old father stick to the tent and surround the city, and the state of Qi was bound to be in civil strife.
Things turned out as Zhao Kuo expected, and soon after, the people in the city killed the defenders who did not surrender, and opened the city gate to welcome the Zhao army into the city.
This was the first appearance of Zhao Kuo's art of war, and this incident also gave him the reputation of a potential star.
In the later battle between Qin and Zhao Fu, Zhao Kuo also provided a lot of correct advice to the old father, and a long-range raid caught the Qin army by surprise and returned with a big defeat, which made Zhao Kuo's father and son become the people that Zhao Jun admired in his heart.
(Daddy doesn't trust)
Unfortunately, all this past glory could not cover up the end of Zhao Kuo!
In the Battle of Changping, Zhao Kuo died in the face of the enemy, and used his struggle to gain notoriety on paper, and became a person who was constantly refuted in the history books of later generations.
Speaking of this, there is a question, Zhao Kuoming is so good at fighting, why will everyone say no!
Zhao Kuo's father said that he couldn't do it, And Zhao Kuo's mother also said that he couldn't do it, and even Fan Ju, the minister of Qin Guo, said that he couldn't do it.
Why was such a person reused by King Zhao and became a general who decided the survival of the 400,000-strong army?
Why did such an incredible thing happen?
At this time, we should not believe in the history books, because it is better to believe in history than to have no history, and if we think about it from another angle, we can understand why King Zhao's choice came from!
(Zhao Xiaocheng Wang Xin)
One: Emperor Xia is still the Lord, and Zhao Xiaocheng is the king!
Mention Zhao Xiaocheng King, it is estimated that many people will shake their heads and sigh, saying that he is dimwitted and incompetent!
Looking at his three stupid ways in the war, I felt that he was dizzy when I first saw him.
King Zhao's first stupidity: The party on the ground is insatiable, if there is no such act of receiving the land, why is the Battle of Changping and let the blood of the Zhao state flow into a river?
At that time, the Qin state fought hard for a long time before it got the Shangdang Heights ceded by Korea, which was a strategic place overlooking the Three Jins from a commanding height, and the Qin state was bound to win, and no one would let go!
King Zhao's second stupidity: the war was unfavorable and he actually took the initiative to send emissaries to the Qin kingdom to show goodwill.
The State of Qin will make a plan and use the way of treating Zhao envoys with kindness, so that other princely states think that this is Qin Zhao's reconciliation, you yourself have taken the initiative to show goodwill and ease relations, of course, other countries do not have the need and sense of urgency to support Zhao State? As a result, reinforcements were delayed during the decisive battle of Changping.
The third fool of the King of Zhao: At the critical moment of the battle, under the rumors of the Qin State, he replaced the Su general Lian Po with the young and vigorous Zhao Kuo.
These three fools, the first fool let the war break out, the second stupidity made Zhao Guo lose foreign aid, and the third stupidity made Zhao Guo lose a lot of losses and lose countless casualties.
After reading the three fools, a dim-witted king jumped on the paper, and the Zhao Kuo who talked about the soldiers on the paper became interesting, becoming the root cause of the failure of the Zhao kingdom.
But is that really the case? Is Zhao Xiaocheng, the king of the three fools, really a dimwitted lord?
(Is King Zhao Xiaocheng really stupid?) ）
If we think about it from another angle, we may understand the truth behind the countless refutations.
First: In accepting the matter of going to the party, Zhao Xiaocheng's act of faction is an inevitable move after he has a deep understanding of strategy and even the pattern of national security.
The Shangdang region was a strategic point that was common to Han and Zhao after the three divisions of the Jin Dynasty. South Korea occupies the Shangdang Heights area, which can be attacked and retreated, and the area obtained by Zhao Guo is relatively one horse Pingchuan. The area belonging to the Zhao State, the Pingchuan River, and the Qin State obtained the condescending Korean Shangdang Heights, which was equivalent to attacking the Zhao State at any time.
It can be seen from this that this place is not only a place where the Qin state must contend, but also a place where the Zhao state must contend, and whoever occupies the shangdang is equivalent to having a strategic advantage in the subsequent confrontation moment. For the State of Qin, shangdang was a base for attacking and advancing, and for the state of Zhao, it was a stable foundation.
If King Zhao wants to say that there is any problem, it is that he should not monopolize the Shangdang, but contact the Wei state and the Republic of Korea to jointly maintain the security of the Shangdang.
(Topographic map of Shangdang Heights)
Second: Let's look at the question about Zhao Kuo!
At the beginning of the article, I talked about two stories about Zhao Kuo, which tell us that at that time, Zhao Kuo was the most suitable leader of the Zhao Kingdom.
At that time, zhao guo, the good guard of Lian Po has never been able to reverse the war situation on the front line, Li Mu who is in the rear has not yet become famous, other famous people have followed Lian Po's side, and they have not seen any good way to break the situation, looking left and right, but Zhao Kuo, who is known for his good strategy and good war, has become one of the main candidates in the heart of King Zhao Xiaocheng.
Just at this moment, Fan Ju's divisive plan of the Qin state made King Zhao's wandering mind become firm.
The enemy countries all say that Zhao Kuo is powerful, and they also feel that Zhao Kuo is good, so is he? That's why this deadly pre-battle change will appear.
The follow-up look of the Qin state's push and encouragement is only a plan for the generals who are anxious to quickly fight the war, and in the same way, the Zhao state is also anxious to quickly fight.
Both are for the sake of counting, and both feel that they have a chance to win!
It can be seen from this that the hidden worries behind this plan must not be small, and King Zhao Xiaocheng can't talk about dimwitting, but there is no way!
Why not? And look at King Zhao's helplessness.
(Incorruptible helplessness)
Two: King Zhao's helplessness.
The Battle of Qin and Zhao was a battle of national fortunes between the two countries.
Generally involving the war of national fortune, it is a large-scale army confrontation.
For example, in the Soviet-German war, this is so! In addition to the combat effectiveness, there is also the country's continued combat strength in the final competition.
What is the key to the continuation of combat strength, today, is the country's manufacturing capacity and sufficient soldiers, in ancient times it was population and food.
Hundreds of thousands of troops, one person and one meal is an astronomical number, plus there were no trains or cars in logistics at that time, all relying on people towing horses. Under such transportation conditions, most of the ten truckloads of grain roads are spent, and how many can reach the front line?
In order to maintain the confrontation and attack of these hundreds of thousands of troops, the number of people consuming grain is at least a few hundred thousand.
Hundreds of thousands of confrontations, hundreds of thousands of grain transport, how many people are zhao guo? According to later statistics, it is about 3.5-4 million.
At that time, men were the main force of the battle, and this front-line confrontation plus transportation of grain and grass almost exhausted the Zhao Guo boys, which was also the root cause of the follow-up of the war and the teenage teenagers who went to the battlefield.
In addition to this, if you want to continue fighting, you can't ignore the cultivated land? Men have gone to the front, and the only people who can cultivate are women and children and the elderly, so that the desolation of farmland becomes inevitable.
(The longer the war, the greater the consumption)
It may last for a year, but the Battle of Changping has lasted for nearly three years (there is also a one-year claim that I do not quite agree with).
From the mobilization of the army to the deployment of marching troops, the confrontation between the two armies lasted for nearly three years, which not only emptied the strategic reserves of the Zhao state, but also seriously affected the agricultural production of the Zhao state and greatly reduced grain production.
Such a situation, as latecomers, as people who read history books, cannot be experienced in reality?
This is the situation that King Zhao is facing, if you are King Zhao, or the minister of Zhao, what will you think? Of course, the pressure is great, and it is necessary to end this war as soon as possible and resume production as soon as possible, otherwise the country will be dragged down.
This was the idea of King Zhao and all the ministers of the State of Zhao, and it was also the choice of the State of Zhao.
In order to win quickly, who can get on, who can go!
It was at this time, through the captured Zhao army, that the Qin army knew that there was a Zhao Kuo in the Zhao kingdom who was good at fighting and knowing soldiers.
After analyzing all his previous achievements, Qin Guo made a personality portrait of Zhao Kuo and came to a conclusion.
Young and talented, but inexperienced in the war, he is quite good at fooling around than Lian.
The situation of the Qin state and the Zhao state are not much better, and they also need a chance to win a quick victory, compared to the lianpo who does not advance in oil and salt, Zhao Kuo is undoubtedly more suitable.
As a result, a later generation seemed clumsy, but at that time a very shrewd divisive plan came out, and after the plan, Lian Po came down zhao Kuo.
At the most helpless moment, Zhao Guojunchen made the most helpless but correct choice.
(Zhao Kuo is confident)
Three: Honest thoughts and Zhao Kuo's bold words.
Lian Poqi is one of the four famous generals of the Warring States, and his ability is not to be said, but this ability point is all in the combat skills of politics.
Lian po's mind is actually very simple, don't fight the battle of uncertainty.
Behind this, in addition to knowing that taking the initiative to attack the fierce and fierce, he also had the selfish intention to protect his reputation for good war, and he did not dare to take responsibility for the great defeat and loss of the Zhao State. From this point of view, he fulfilled the duty of a general, responsibly guarding the army of the Zhao State and leading them not to be defeated.
However, he did not understand Zhao Guo's predicament, did not understand the helplessness of the boss, and the end that awaited him could only be the end.
In Lian Po's view, taking the initiative to attack, the odds of victory are not great, continue to confront, Zhao Guo is more dangerous, as for the retreat, it is even more a disaster.
Lian Po, who was on the front line, was also helpless, with three roads up and down, all of which were blocked!
So Lian Po chose, the most secure to not change in response to change, I insisted, insisted until the enemy retreated, I also won, really want to take the initiative to attack, the probability is a big defeat, if you retreat, then immediately finish the ball.
(Honest persistence)
Without him, those who are good at war know that when the army is on the verge of battle, if there is a slightest retreat, it will be doomed.
Later, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition led by up to 100,000 soldiers and horses, and he was also cautious, constantly pretending to attack and confuse the enemy, and each retreat had to arrange for the rear troops, relying on the steepness of the Shu land to retreat safely.
Knowing that he is not a good general who knows how to advance and retreat, Lian Po is thoughtful and helpless, and it lies in this, as long as Lian Po presides over the battle, don't expect to attack.
In fact, when King Zhao made up his mind to fight, he had a gambler's mind and a fluke mentality.
The bet was on national fortunes, and this heaviest chip was not only the 400,000 troops on the front line, but also Zhao Kuo's ambition!
Zhao Kuoqi is not without records, and with his father's prestige and his own record, he is very confident. This self-confidence is reflected in the former battlefield, reflected in the strategizing of the year, and also reflected in his young face.
He was eager to replicate the majesty of his father's defeat at the battle against the Qin army, which made him eager to try, and also made King Zhao Xiaocheng look forward to it.
This expectation is also related to his father's record!
During the Battle of Fuhe that year, the two major generals of the Zhao State, Lian Po and Le Cheng, said that the besieged Fu He was difficult to rescue and was unwilling to risk sending troops.
At this time, it was Zhao Kuo's father Zhao Hao who stood up and said: Its path is far and dangerous, for example, the two rats fight in the cave, and the brave will win.
King Xiaocheng of Zhao, who was still the crown prince at the time, was deeply impressed by all this.
My own father won the victory by trusting Zhao Hao, and today I trust Zhao Kuo, can't I replicate all this?
At this time, Zhao Kuo's strategic thinking and tactical arrangements were not important, and King Zhao used his feelings in the dark to determine Zhao Kuo's mission and ending. Zhao Kuo, who had high hopes, went to the battlefield with self-confidence and the sustenance of King Zhao, and responded to King Zhao's expectations with indomitable courage.
The national fortunes are difficult, and the general should make a quick decision and save the country with a victory.
(Zhao Wang Gamble)
Fourth: Zhao Kuo, who died in the face of the enemy, fulfilled the notoriety of Bai Qi.
At the same time that the Zhao monarchs and subjects were interacting, the scheming Bai Qi and Qin Zhaoxiang Were also interacting.
On the one hand, the young king cooperated, King Zhao Xiaocheng was less than 30 years old, Zhao Kuo was about 30 years old, and on the other side were two old foxes, King Zhaoxiang of Qin had been reigning for 44 years, and bai qi looked like he was in his prime around fifty years.
After such a comparison between kings and courtiers, we can find that the decision between victory and defeat lies in experience!
The old fox counted small fresh meat, and counted one accurately.
King Zhao Xiaocheng changed generals, and when he met King Zhaoxiang of Qin, zhao Kuo's opponent also became a killing god who fell from the sky!
After a decisive charge that led hundreds of thousands of people and contributed to a battle, Zhao Kuo became the soul of a general who died in the face of the enemy, and Bai Qi became the god of war standing on the battlefield.
The soul of war, fighting to the death, repaying the country with death, the god of war, in the name of victory, has achieved legends through the ages, and made judgments from above.
(An old fox)
It is a pity that zhao Kuo, who fell, died, but it was a pity that 400,000 soldiers, they thought of their families, their hearts were on their crops, in order to survive, they chose to surrender.
However, in the face of the surrender of the Zhao army, the Qin army also had a headache! The reason is that without him, the zhao state's trapped qin state also has it, and the landlord's family has no surplus grain?
The bitter support of the Qin State and the decisive counterattack of the Zhao State can't help but sigh at the absurdity of history after comparison, and it may be different to insist on it.
But all this is only a pity, four hundred thousand prisoners of war, the Qin State can not afford to raise, can not afford to put, and finally can only pit kill.
When the opportunity came, he immediately became white, leaving behind a notoriety and a heart that would not be peaceful even if he went to hell.
Two years after the Battle of Changping, Bai Qi was given death by King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and the moment he killed himself, he couldn't help but think of the former Changping: I should have died. In the Battle of Changping, the Zhao army surrendered hundreds of thousands of people, and I used deceptive means to bury them all alive, which was enough to commit a capital crime!
A pair of young people, with the sacrifice of Meng Lang, fulfilled the victory of the old fox!
Who would have thought that this old fox had become a victim of the white, and in the midst of the deceit of the court, he had lost his use value and died!
(Suicide in white)
Five: The growth of Zhao Xiaocheng.
After the Battle of Changping, the world shook!
This shock originated from the violent act of killing 400,000 Zhao troops in the white pit, and this shock stemmed from the fierce courage of the violent Qin, which in turn made the princely states rise to a sense of coldness.
Violent Qin killed Zhao Guo 400,000 today, will he pit us tomorrow?
The shaking world, and the tragic results, finally made Zhao Xiaocheng king mature.
After unloading the burden of 400,000 people on the front line, King Zhao became IQ online!
In order to save the Zhao kingdom, he lobbied Qin Xiang Fan Ju with heavy money and prevented Bai Qi from taking advantage of the victory.
Faced with the conditions of the State of Qin demanding the cession of the Six Kingdoms, King Zhao pretended to agree, but used the land of the six cities to bribe the State of Qi, unite with the State of Qi to jointly resist Qin, and then signed a covenant with the State of Wei, sealing Lingqiu to Chunshen Junhuang Xie to marry the State of Chu, and also made a strong overture to Korea and the State of Yan!
A round of diplomatic offensive allowed zhao guo to win the battle of Handan and the yan attack, creating a momentum of common resistance to Qin in the world.
As a result, there was a joint attack on Qin presided over by the thief to save Zhao and Xin Lingjun.
Under the leadership of Xin Lingjun, the Five-Nation Alliance defeated the Qin army in one fell swoop, and successively recaptured hedong county, Anyang, and Fencheng in the Wei state, Taiyuan county, Pigao, and Wu'an in the Zhao kingdom, and Shangdang county and Runan in South Korea.
In short, the results of King Zhaoxiang's conquests in the past twenty years were lost under the attack of the Five-Nation Alliance.
The pace of the Qin state's unification of the world was delayed for more than twenty years.
(Strength is the best catalyst)
End:
At this point, I can't help but sigh!
Zhao Xiaocheng is not the lord of dimwittedness, and Zhao Kuo is not an incompetent general!
The key to the fiasco of the Battle of Changping was that the Zhao state was in a difficult state, and it was inexperienced in the struggle of King Xiaocheng of Zhao, and could not hold its breath at the critical moment.
Zhao Xiaocheng, who was anxious to succeed, took the famous general Seed Zhao Kuo with him, and also took the old traitorous and giant Qin Zhaoxiang Wang Dao.
However, King Zhaoxiang of Qin, who seemed to be wise and divine, also made a much-criticized mistake after the Battle of Changping.
He listened to Fan Ju's advice and stopped Bai Qi from continuing to attack, which was actually similar to Zhao Xiaocheng's!
At that moment, King Zhao Xiaocheng and King Zhaoxiang of Qin had one thing in common, that is, compromise and concession based on reality.
Zhao Guo was powerless to maintain the confrontation, and could only take the initiative to attack, reducing losses and seeking a glimmer of hope for victory.
The State of Qin was unable to continue to attack, and could only accept surrender, reducing losses in exchange for a gap in time for rest.
The king's choice has its own reason, but the different endings given by history, after their choices are magnified, become contradictory poles.
Level one, dimwitted, level one, heroic, first level, laughingstock, level one, wise.
It's a pity and a joke.........