I came out at the age of 15 to learn auto repair, worked in a repair shop for 5 years, worked in a 4S shop for more than 10 years, and currently runs my own auto repair shop, as a maintenance worker who has been in the industry for more than ten years - the car is really not broken, but repaired! In fact, daily inspection is better than frequent replacement!
Many people will wonder a question, that is, we maintain the car diligently, our car condition should be better and better, why is it now said that the car is bad maintenance? Then I will take the perspective of a maintenance worker and a businessman to truly restore the cats that exist in the maintenance process of the vehicle!
What exactly are the maintenance items of the vehicle?
I am currently driving a 16-year-old 1.6T top Buick Regal, taking the maintenance manual of this car as an example, and then I will introduce in detail the maintenance project of the vehicle and the cats that exist in it!
There is a clear definition in the maintenance manual, the maintenance cycle of the vehicle is based on the driving time or mileage of the vehicle, and the first to prevail, such as the maintenance manual stipulates that the oil maintenance cycle of the vehicle is 5000KM or 6 months, if we run 5000KM a month, then we need to replace the oil once a month; if we can't run 5000KM for 1 year, then we better replace the oil every six months.
In fact, for the maintenance of the vehicle, we can generally divide it into three categories - engine, chassis and gearbox, and the maintenance of the engine can be subdivided into oil, oil filter, air filter, gasoline filter and air conditioning filter replacement, and chassis maintenance can be subdivided into chassis suspension inspection and tire and wheel maintenance, as for the gearbox is the replacement of transmission oil and filter, and many of these maintenance items are redundant, let us learn more about it, in the eyes of the repairman, What are the must-do projects, and which are the redundant ones?
Cat greasy (1) - routine maintenance (oil change)
For all car owners, we start from the beginning of buying a car, we have been instilled with a kind of idea, the car engine is very delicate, we must pay attention to maintenance, otherwise it will not be worth the loss, so the choice of our oil is as expensive as possible, the shorter the maintenance cycle, the better, in fact, at this time we have entered a misunderstanding of the business!
What is regular maintenance?
Conventional maintenance is also called basic maintenance, simply put, it is to change the oil, the oil inside our vehicle engine will deteriorate after high temperature oxidation, and the oil itself has a certain cleaning function, so we need to replace the oil regularly to achieve the purpose of maintaining the engine.
1, the choice of engine oil is not the more expensive the better, but the right one. Generally in our vehicle maintenance manual for the use of the oil has a clear note, to ford models as an example, the maintenance manual states that 2.0L models recommend the use of 5W-30 oil, 1.6L models are recommended to use 5W-20 oil, so we do not need to believe the words of the merchant, excessive pursuit of more expensive oil.
Many merchants in the maintenance of vehicles, but also a variety of sales of fuel cleaning additives, I do not deny the effect of fuel cleaning additives, but often spend hundreds of yuan to buy a bottle of fuel cleaning additives, I think it is better to add better gasoline and oil to be more realistic.
As for the maintenance cycle, mineral oil is recommended to replace once every 5000 or 6 months, semi-synthetic oil is recommended to be replaced once every 7500 km or 6 months, and full synthetic oil is recommended to be replaced once in 10000 km or 6 months.
2, conventional maintenance also includes oil filter, air filter, air conditioning filter and gasoline filter inspection and replacement, oil filter needless to say, play the role of filter oil impurities, so each maintenance must be replaced;
The air filter element can be depending on the situation, if it is not too dirty, you can use the pump to simply clean it up, but I personally feel that because the price of the air filter is not high, it is best to replace it directly every time;
As for the air conditioning filter, it is best to replace it frequently, because the air conditioning filter is like a mask, and if it is not replaced for a long time, it will lead to the air volume of the air conditioning system and the heating and cooling effect becoming worse, which will also lead to the breeding of bacteria in the air conditioning system in the long run, and the air conditioner is easy to produce odor;
As for the gasoline filter, it can be replaced every 30,000 kilometers or 2 years, but due to the improvement of gasoline quality now, our replacement cycle can be appropriately extended, and the gasoline filter is generally fixed with a special card, so in the disassembly process is very testing the technical level of the maintenance worker, once the card is broken, it will lead to the danger of gasoline leakage in the later use of our vehicle, which leads to safety hazards, so after replacing the gasoline filter, it is best to check it after a period of driving.
3. Routine maintenance also includes the inspection of the depth of the car tire pattern, the inspection of the thickness of the brake pads, the inspection of tire tire pressure, the inspection of brake oil level, the inspection of antifreeze level, and the lack of direct addition is good.
Cat greasy (2) - 60,000 to 100,000 kilometers of large maintenance
The big maintenance of the vehicle is the fastest time for the merchant to make money, and for the owner, it is the most hurtful wallet time, in fact, there are many items that are not necessary, the big maintenance is actually on the basis of conventional maintenance, for the whole car and there is a more detailed inspection and replacement.
1, replace the transmission oil and transmission filter, first of all, we are most concerned about and the most expensive maintenance items, for the type of transmission, we can divide the vehicle's gearbox into manual gear and automatic transmission, and the automatic transmission can be subdivided into AT transmission, DCT gearbox and CVT gearbox, and in order to ensure the effect of replacement, every time you replace the transmission oil, you need to replace the transmission filter.
The manual transmission oil is fundamentally only lubricating and rust-proof, so if the manual transmission does not have water, theoretically there is no need to replace the transmission oil.
For automatic transmission models, for different engine types, you need to choose the transmission oil with the specified number, the price ranges from 60 yuan / L to 120 yuan / L, and the replacement of transmission oil is generally divided into gravity oil change and circulation machine replacement, gravity oil change is the simplest, like changing oil, remove the oil release screw of the gearbox, generally can release 2L to 5L transmission oil, but the disadvantage is that it is impossible to replace the oil in the valve body of the transmission, so the gravity oil exchange replacement is not complete.
Circulator replacement gearbox oil is more thorough, but the consumption of transmission oil is also more, generally need about 12L, the circulation mode of transmission oil is that the transmission oil enters the radiator after heat dissipation through the tubing and returns to the gearbox again, and the circulator is equivalent to connecting in series between the gearbox and the radiator, the same amount of old oil enters the circulating machine, the new oil enters the circulating machine in equal amounts, and there is an observation hole in the circulation machine, when the color of the new oil and the old oil is basically close, it proves that the replacement of the transmission oil has been relatively thorough.
Focus: The maintenance manual of many models for the replacement cycle of transmission oil is stipulated at about 60,000 kilometers, but after we have replaced the transmission oil of each car series, we have come to the conclusion that the transmission oil replaced by Japanese and Korean cars at about 60,000 to 100,000 kilometers is very clean; and the transmission oil replaced by German cars and American cars in 60,000 to 100,000 kilometers is relatively dirty. After 100,000 kilometers, consider replacing the transmission oil.
If it is a dry clutch, it is impossible to replace it with a circulator, because this type of transmission generally only has about 2L of transmission oil, so you should find out the type of vehicle transmission before replacing the transmission oil to avoid being fooled by bad businesses.
2, replace the antifreeze, many merchants in our vehicles travel more than 100,000 kilometers, will recommend that you replace the antifreeze, and the choice of antifreeze is also various, such as ordinary antifreeze, special antifreeze and antifreeze oil, etc., one is more expensive than the other, simply let our car owners pick the eyes!
For the antifreeze, we do not need to completely follow the maintenance manual to maintain, usually if the lack of antifreeze, as long as the timely addition of good, if in this process of adding water, then it is best to replace it that year, if the antifreeze for a long time is not replaced, we only need to use the freezing point instrument to measure the freezing point of the antifreeze to determine whether it needs to be replaced, for most areas, the freezing point at -25 ° C is completely fine.
Focus: many car owners will be more entangled in the color of the antifreeze problem, in fact, the color of the antifreeze is more of a fluorescent agent, convenient for the vehicle antifreeze leakage can be observed, not other special significance, if we replace the antifreeze, do not need to care about the color problem; if added, it is best to choose the same color, mainly because the red antifreeze and green antifreeze mixed easily become rusty color, affecting the perception.
3, the replacement of brake oil, brake oil is also a maintenance project for business profits, and the brake oil is most afraid of encountering the problem is the increase in water content, that is to say, when our vehicle is in a high-speed driving state, the temperature of the brake system is very high, if the brake oil contains water, this part of the water will vaporize, and the vaporized water can be compressed, at this time we will step on the brakes will appear the brake is soft or even failure, if we encounter such a situation, we need to continuously lightly step on the brakes to restore the braking force.
Focus: For brake oil, we can use the brake oil detector to test the moisture content of the brake oil, generally speaking, as long as the water content of the brake oil does not exceed 3%, it proves that the brake oil is completely without problems, and vice versa, it is recommended to replace.
4, tire inspection, tire inspection is actually divided into tire pattern depth inspection and sidewall wound inspection, all tire drains have a raised small dot, we call it the safety line of the tire, when the wear of the tire pattern is close to the safety line, it is best to replace the tire in time.
Secondly, we need to check whether there are wounds, cracks or bulges on the side of the tire, if there are the above three situations, no matter when the tire is replaced, it is recommended that you change the tire in time.
Finally, for the inspection of tire tire pressure, many car owners will be entangled in the choice of vehicle tire pressure, in fact, for different loads, we need to choose different tire pressure, but for convenience, whether it is winter or summer, we are best to maintain the air pressure at 2.5 bar, because if we drive for a long time, our tire pressure will rise or fall by about 0.3 bar.
5, the engine timing belt, pump and tensioning wheel replacement, for about 100,000 kilometers of vehicles, I think the replacement of the timing belt is the top priority, the damage of the timing belt will directly lead to the damage to the engine, and now the timing belt of the vehicle can be divided into belt type and chain type, belt type model is best in 100,000 kilometers when directly replace the timing belt, tensioner wheel and water pump, for the vast majority of vehicles, the crack of the belt can not be distinguished by the naked eye, So you can only choose to replace directly according to the mileage, the most easily broken belt models we encounter are Chevrolet Jingcheng and Cruze, the probability of breaking off about 100,000 kilometers is very high, and the cost of replacing the timing suit is generally 500 yuan - 800 yuan.
As for the chain engine, if the vehicle does not have an engine failure light on, and the fault code is not displayed as a camshaft failure, then keep driving it, there is no need to deliberately replace and maintain the timing chain.
6, ternary catalytic cleaning and maintenance, in my opinion ternary catalytic cleaning is simply hurting the car, as we all know, the existence of ternary catalysis is some precious metals, the cleaning of chemical drugs will only lead to the loss of these precious metal elements, in addition to bringing greater benefits to the merchant, the cleaning of ternary catalytic will only accelerate the damage of ternary catalysis, if the vehicle exhaust is unqualified, we can be a dead horse as a living horse doctor, try to clean the ternary catalysis, if the vehicle exhaust is completely fine, then, I suggest that you better not try to clean the ternary catalysis.
7, replace the spark plug, the spark plug this accessory is replaceable or not to change the accessories, to most of the vehicles I have repaired, the spark plug can start to use more than 100,000 kilometers, after the replacement of the spark plug in the use of the effect and life is not as good as the original car spark plug, the main problem is that even if the spark plug fails, the most is to light up the engine failure lights, the vehicle acceleration is powerless, at this time we will replace the spark plug is not too late, which will not affect the vehicle, nor will it endanger driving safety.
8, power oil, now many models have been upgraded to electronic assist, there is no replacement of power oil, and for some of the old models of hydraulic power, we only need to ensure that there is no lack of power oil, when the lack of power oil, the vehicle not only steering effort, but also will appear creaky noise, at this time we will supplement in time.
9, tire adjustment, four-wheel positioning and dynamic balance inspection, I have met many customers before, the car has just been bought for less than two years, it is necessary to do four-wheel positioning, in fact, this time is completely unnecessary, four-wheel positioning is mainly to solve the problem of vehicle tires and deviations, so the daily inspection is completely random money.
The check of the dynamic balance is mainly to avoid the situation that the steering wheel is shaking in the state of high-speed (90km/h-120km/h) driving, there is no need to deliberately check, and it is not too late to do it again.
Tire adjustment, in fact, tire adjustment is for some models with serious tires, on the one hand, in order to evenly wear out the four tires. On the other hand, it is necessary to check whether the tire will continue to eat the tire, but if the tire is adjusted, it must be calibrated again.
10, the replacement of the battery, because the battery is the best to replace, so the battery is also a way for the merchant to make a profit, when it comes to battery detection, nine out of ten will show that the battery life is too low after the test, and need to be replaced in time, and for the owner, as long as the vehicle does not have a feeling of start delay during the start-up process, there is no need to replace the battery at all.
If the vehicle is in a power outage or cannot get on the vehicle. In the case of the case, we can first put the vehicle on fire, and then drive for more than half an hour in the flameout, if the vehicle can be normal, then prove that the vehicle's power storage capacity can continue to be used, otherwise it can be directly replaced.
11, cleaning the throttle, if the throttle is dirty and stuck, the fault light of the vehicle instrument will be lit, and accompanied by the situation that the idle speed is unstable or the idle speed is too high or too low, in fact, the cleaning of the throttle valve does not have to wait until the big maintenance, and we can take the cleaning with us in the process of daily small maintenance.
Focus: The throttle is best removed to clean in order to be thoroughly clean, mainly because the dirtiest place of the throttle is on the side of the intake bronch, we can directly see only the flap outside the throttle, so if you do not remove it to wash it, it is better not to wash it, cleaning the throttle must choose a professional store, mainly because many models need to re-learn after cleaning the throttle, otherwise there will be a situation of idle instability.
12, cleaning the fuel injector and engine carbon deposits, first of all, the fuel injector, the atomization effect of the fuel injector directly determines the combustion efficiency of the vehicle engine, so in the time of large maintenance, the fuel injector is removed one by one to clean or very necessary, the only place that needs attention is that the fuel injector must ensure the integrity of the sealing ring during the disassembly process to avoid oil leakage.
As for the cleaning of engine carbon deposits, it is completely to pay the IQ tax, mainly because of the so-called dry ice cleaning carbon deposits on the market and walnut sand cleaning carbon deposits, etc., can only be clear about the carbon deposition of the engine piston and valve surface, but the most important thing in the piston work process is the piston ring, this position and the engine cylinder wall are in direct contact, there is no way to clean, so once the phenomenon of burning oil appears, do not replace the piston ring, it is completely useless to clean the carbon deposit, and for the valve, The most important place is the size of the gap between the valve edge and the contact surface of the cylinder block, and this place is also impossible to clean, so in general, the cleaning of engine carbon deposition is a superfluous move, for many urban cars, on time maintenance, gasoline to choose the owner of the large gas station, the carbon deposit generated by the engine is almost negligible, and occasionally high-speed pulling can be directly discharged.
13, the replacement of brake pads, for most of the vehicles, the mileage and time can not be used as the basis for replacing the brake pads, most of the brake pads have alarm safety lines on them, when the brake pads wear to the safety line, the vehicle will continue to appear harsh screams during the driving process or when braking, at this time it is necessary to check and replace the brake pads in time; and for some high-end models, the brake pads are equipped with brake induction lines, when the brake pads wear to the safety line, The vehicle gauge will directly prompt the replacement of the brake pads.
Focus: For most models (especially Langyi), in the autumn and winter and there is dew in the morning, or after washing the car after the rain, there will be a whistle when stepping on the brakes, which is not caused by the wear and tear of the brake pads in place, but because there is water on the brake discs, the sound emitted by water vapor during friction and evaporation is normal, and it is normal to no longer make a sound after a period of driving.
summary
For the maintenance of the vehicle, in fact, our car owners do not have to deliberately pay attention to the number of miles they are driving, or that sentence - daily inspection is better than frequent replacement, for each of our car owners, each routine maintenance is a big maintenance, the inspection of the place of meticulous inspection, the place to be replaced directly replaced, in fact, there is no so-called big maintenance, big maintenance is more of a means for merchants to tempt consumers to spend money, so you still have to polish your eyes!