Speaking of Qin Juniper, everyone should think of "great traitors," "traitors," and "sinners through the ages."
He killed the anti-Jin hero Yue Fei on the charge of "false accusations" and was nailed to the pillar of national shame.
In order to commemorate Yue Fei, the descendants cast Qin Juniper and his wife into a bronze statue and knelt in front of Yue Fei's tomb.
Qin Juniper is really a character who has been left behind for thousands of years in china.
Not only that, but his descendants are also deeply implicated.
They all lived carefully, trying not to let people know that they were the descendants of the sinner Qin Juniper.
However, there was a descendant named Qin Dashi, who, after he was admitted to the Yuan, wrote two poems when passing Yue Fei's grave, which was praised by posterity.
What's going on here?
I. The Life of Master Qin
Qin Dashi, a native of the Qianlong dynasty.
Born in 1715, his ancestral home is Dangtu, Anhui.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a war, and his ancestors went from Anhui to Nanjing to escape the chaos, and then settled.
His father, Qin Youlun, was well read of poetry and had served as an attendant of the Hanlin Academy and a scrivener in Jiangning County, Ying tianfu.
Under the influence of his father, Qin Dashi also loved to read.
He was intelligent and intelligent from an early age, and at the age of 10 he could write poetry and articles.
Not only that, but he is also good at calligraphy.
When he was a teenager, his calligraphy was well-known in the township.
He used to sell calligraphy to support his family, and countless people came to buy calligraphy.
In 1738, the 23-year-old Qin Dashi was raised in the Jiangnan Tribute Courtyard, and has been rising ever since.
In 1747 he took the township examination, which was selected.
The following year, he formed a literary club with Ji Xiaolan, Qian Daxin, Chen Junting and others, paid poetry and sang harmony, and talked about wine with joy and vigor.
In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, he entered Beijing to take the examination, and in the Wanshou Enke of the Sixty Birthdays of the Empress Dowager, he went to high school in one fell swoop and became the head of the dynasty.
This is also the 43rd title since the founding of the Qing Dynasty.
After that, he began his political career.
The Qianlong Emperor was very appreciative of him, and granted him the position of a scholar in the Hanlin Academy, allowing him to take charge of the revision of the history of the country.
He was honest and meticulous in his work, and for this he won the favor of the Qianlong Emperor.
In order to reward him, the Qianlong Emperor also sent him to serve as an examiner for the imperial examination.
Through the imperial examination, he met and promoted a group of talents, who have since made great contributions to the development of the Qing Dynasty.
In 1754, he was the president of Xian'an Palace and Guanxue, and joined the Wuying Temple.
This year coincided with the death of his mother, and Qin Dashi inherited the ancient system and served three years of mourning.
At the end of the three-year mourning period, he served as a reinstated official.
At this time, he was appointed by the emperor as a "reading master" to assist the prince in his studies.
He was loyal to his duties, persuaded the prince to study seriously, and dutifully assisted the prince.
In the years that followed, he often served as an examiner for the provinces, training a large number of talents for the country.
In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong, on the grounds that his father was old and supporting his father, he requested to resign and return to his hometown.
However, it was not approved by the emperor.
Five years later, his father died, and he resigned and returned to his hometown, after which he did not serve again.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, the eightieth birthday of the empress dowager, Qin Dashi came to wish for the birthday.
The bureaucrats of the same dynasty saw that he was still in good spirits and persuaded him to return to the official position, but he politely refused.
At this time, Qin Dashi had entered his old age, and his state of mind was more peaceful.
Qin Zhuangyuan Province
In ordinary life, he often painted.
His paintings are of a very high level, and like his poems and books, they are known as the "three absolutes".
He was particularly good at painting bamboo.
His bamboo is vivid and infectious.
In his later years, he was idle at home, and he would also read some works.
His favorite work is The Groaning Language by the late Ming thinker Lü Kun.
This work is full of philosophical reason, showing the author's understanding of life and social criticism.
In February 1777, Qin Dashi died of illness and died at the age of 62 at his home in Nanjing.
Second, the way of reply of Qin Dashi, a descendant of the traitor
According to the "Great View of the Wild History of the Qing Dynasty", in the seventeenth year of Qianlong, Qin Dashi passed the examination for the jinshi.
When he saw Qin Dashi's article, the Qianlong Emperor greatly appreciated it, praised his talents and learning, and even thought that this year's Jinke Zhuangyuan was none other than him.
However, seeing the place of origin, the Qianlong Emperor had a slight doubt.
Qin Dashi was a Qinhuai of Nanjing, and the infamous traitor Qin Ju was also a Qinhuai of Nanjing, and there are also legends in the folk that Qin Dashi was a descendant of Qin Juniper.
Is Qin Dashi really a descendant of the traitor Qin Juniper?
The Qianlong Emperor fell into deep thought.
If this is really the case, how can the Yang Dynasty use the descendants of a traitor, which will not show the people of the world that the emperor is faint and incompetent, and even give a heavy responsibility to the descendants of a traitor, which is afraid that it will be laughed at by the people of the whole world.
Is there no one in my great Purity who can entrust him with a heavy responsibility?
Thinking of this, the Qianlong Emperor went straight to the subject and asked Qin Dashi under the main hall, "Are you a descendant of Qin Juniper?" ”
It didn't matter if he didn't ask, this question made Qin Dashi, who was standing in His Highness, panic.
He walked into the main hall full of joy and accepted the emperor's summons.
Unexpectedly, the emperor actually gave people this cold.
How do you answer this question?
Since the emperor asked, he could not fail to answer.
But you can't lie to the emperor, if you lie and the emperor knows about it, the emperor is angry, and if you don't get it right, you will destroy the Nine Tribes.
Qin Dashi then fixed his mind and replied without humility: "One heavenly son and one courtier." ”
He used this to express his loyalty to the emperor.
Later, he added, "Emperor Gaozong of Song is a emperor and uses traitors; while you are a Ming jun, you naturally use loyal subjects." Just as one cannot judge a ming jun with one emperor, one cannot judge a descendant with one ancestor. ”
After the Qianlong Emperor heard Qin Dashi's words, instead of being angry, the Qianlong Emperor was overjoyed.
When Qin Dashi said these words, he was making his position clear.
Qin Ju was a traitor, and Emperor Gaozong of Song was incompetent, so he appointed him, which eventually led to the destruction of the country and the death of the family.
And the emperor is a wise monarch, so naturally you have to appoint loyal courtiers.
Although I am a descendant of Qin Juniper, I am different from him, and I am loyal to you, the emperor.
We cannot think that the faint Emperor Gaozong of Song appointed traitors, and subsequent monarchs no longer appoint the descendants of traitors, so we say that this monarch is wise.
It's like we can't judge a person by his offspring.
We can't say that Qin Juniper is a traitor, so his descendants are all traitors.
After the emperor listened, he felt that what he said was very reasonable.
Qianlong thought to himself, if he could select Qin Dashi in an eclectic manner, wouldn't he have explained to the whole world that it was his talent and conduct that the emperor had selected talents to test, rather than excluding him because his ancestor was a traitorous minister Qin Juniper, which would not also show that the emperor of the world was a wise and wise monarch.
Thinking of this, the Qianlong Emperor was very happy, so he chose Qin Dashi as the head of the dynasty.
Qin Dashi naturally became the 43rd leader since the founding of the Qing Dynasty.
Soon after being appointed by the emperor as a champion, Qin Dashi traveled to Hangzhou's West Lake with the great poet Yuan Ming and other people.
When they passed Yue Fei's tomb, they saw the bronze statue of Qin Juniper and his wife kneeling next to Yue Fei.
Qin Ju and his wife Wang Shi knelt there, shackled and their heads slightly lowered.
There are also many filth around the bronze statue.
The people who were with them all looked at the bronze statue of Qin Ju and his wife kneeling beside them and pointed at it.
Only Master Qin, after reading it, felt very bad in his heart and did not say a word.
People who had good deeds saw him like this, so they deliberately walked up to his side and asked him to write a couplet on Qin Juniper's kneeling portrait.
Qin Dashi was very embarrassed, but everyone looked at him, and he was not very good at not asking questions.
At this time, the great talent Yuan Ming saw his embarrassment, so he chanted out the Shanglian on his behalf, "Ren and Song Hou shame juniper." ”
After Qin Dashi listened, he was very embarrassed to say the next sentence, "I am ashamed of my surname Qin before I go to the grave." ”
Portrait of Yue Fei
Through this couplet, we can see that Qin Dashi's talent and quick thinking, but also show Qin Dashi's loyal and treacherous position.
Fellow travelers looked at him differently and looked at him in awe.
Qin Dashi's talents and conduct also spread widely along with this incident, from the government and the public to the rural people, everyone knew that there was a person of high moral character named Qin Dashi in Qin Juniper's descendants, and they all praised Qin Dashi.
Since then, Hangzhou's West Lake has added another good story.
Yue Fei's tomb
3. The high and pure conduct of Qin Dashi
Although he was a descendant of the traitor Qin Juniper, Qin Dashi did not frame Zhongliang and be cunning like his ancestor Qin Juniper.
On the contrary, Qin Dashi was of good character and was praised by many of his contemporaries.
In the decades he has been in the official arena, he has always taken the interests of the people as the starting point, benefited the people, and was deeply loved by the people.
He was a clean and honest official, never corrupt and perverted the law, and was a rare clean official.
For this reason, he was deeply trusted by the Qianlong Emperor.
The Qianlong Emperor promoted him several times and entrusted him with heavy responsibilities.
He served as an examiner for the imperial examination, was fair and strict, and sent a batch of talents to the country.
He also served as a "reading master" and taught the Jiaqing Emperor to study.
When teaching Jiaqing to study, he scrupulously fulfilled his duties and always adhered to his duties as a teacher.
He did his best to persuade Jiaqing to read seriously and let Jiaqing realize the importance of reading.
This laid the foundation for Jiaqing to govern the country and display his talents after he ascended the throne.
Master Qin was loyal and kind.
For many years, he also maintained good relations with his colleagues.
After he resigned and returned to his hometown, his colleagues repeatedly advised him to return as an official.
But they were all prevaricated by his gentle words.
It has to be mentioned that Qin Dashi is also a well-known great filial piety.
He studied Confucian classics since childhood, was deeply influenced by Confucian classics, and always took "benevolence" as his life creed.
He regarded filial piety as a virtue and was very respectful to both parents.
After his mother's death, he looked sad and served her for three years.
When his father was old, he took the initiative to ask the emperor to resign from the government, go home to take care of his father, and send him to the end of his pension.
Although this request was not approved by the Qianlong Emperor, after the death of his father, Qin Dashi looked lonely.
To show his resolve, he decided not to become an official thereafter.
Sure enough, he did what he said.
For many years after that, he was idle at home and had no intention of becoming an official.
Although he was embarrassed about the fact that he was a descendant of Qin Juniper, he was not shy about it.
Once, he traveled with his good friend Yuan Mei on the Qinhuai River.
Seeing the changes in the Qinhuai River, the wild grass was green, so he wrote a poem to sigh, "Gold powder drifts zero wild grass new, the female wall sleeps cold day and night." Sad and slow, Mo sad past, Huaishui and now still surnamed Qin. ”
This poem expresses the unpredictability of life and the impermanence of the world, and exhorts people to live in the present, not to cling to the past, and not to sigh sadly for the past.
The last two sentences seem to be to persuade others, but in fact, they are talking about themselves and masturbating.
Don't dwell on the past anymore, now is to focus on the present.
"Huaishui is still surnamed Qin." This sentence is even more profound and long, and is the highlight of this poem.
This sentence also won the praise of the great talent Yuan Ming.
In short, Qin Dashi's noble qualities have earned him a reputation.
To this day, people who go to the former residence of Qin Dashi on Changle Road in Nanjing are still in an endless stream.