Author: Forget about the jianghu
In October 1946, the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region held an important meeting in Laiyuan, Hebei Province.
The focus of the meeting was to review the problems exposed in the past four months of the Liberation War, sum up the reasons for the successive defeats of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, and learn from the victory experience of fraternal units (mainly the Central China Field Army and the Jin-Ji Luyu Field Army). At the same time, we should resolutely implement the spirit of Yan'an's instruction to "concentrate superior forces to fight a mobile war and a war of annihilation" and comprehensively reverse the passive situation in Jin-Cha-Ji.
From left: Shu Tong, Nie Rongzhen, Yang Chengwu, Nie Heting
On October 22, the speech of Guo Tianmin, deputy commander of the military region, detonated the venue, which can be described as a stone stirring up thousands of waves. Guo Tianmin's speech mainly had two points: First, the Jin-Cha-Ji disarmament was excessive, causing the war to fall into passivity; second, the enemy was too light and Fu Zuoyi occupied Zhangjiakou, and his morale was frustrated.
As a result, Nie Rongzhen, who had always been good-tempered, was also furious and dismissed Guo Tianmin from all his positions on the spot.
What really happened in the 4 months of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region that actually caused the "model base area" general to lose peace? Is Guo Tianmin's shelling justified, and is the method of criticism appropriate? At the meeting, Guo Tianmin, who openly confronted his superiors and was completely refrigerated, did he still have the opportunity to "turn over the salted fish"?
Guo Tianmin
Guo Tianmin, who had a fiery personality, came from Hong'an, Hubei Province, the "First General County", but unlike Chen Xilian, Han Xianchu, Wang Jian'an and other founding generals who joined the Red Fourth Front, he joined the Guangzhou Uprising after graduating from the huangpu sixth phase and joined the Red Fourth Army led by Zhu Mao.
Guo Tianmin during the Red Army period, who had the habits of the old army and liked corporal punishment, was criticized by the chairman at the Gutian Conference as a "blacksmith", and since then he has made up his mind to change himself. During the Red Army period, Guo Tianmin served as the commander of the division and the chief of staff of the Jiangxi Military Region, the Red 9Th Army and the Red 30 Army.
During the Yan'an period, because of the problem of his girlfriend Dou Ke's composition, he could not get married, or the chairman solved his worries.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Guo Tianmin served as the commander of the Second Sub-district of Jin-Cha-Ji and the commander of the Ji-Cha Military Region, and in the famous Battle of Niudaoling, the Eighth Route Army killed Qing Shui, a wing commander of the Japanese rank of major general, for the first time. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Guo Tianmin served as the commander and political commissar of the Jin-Cha-Ji 2 Column.
The first issue that Guo Tianmin attacked at the meeting, "excessive disarmament," appeared in the period of peace talks after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army grew from 45,000 to more than 900,000: 120,000 in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, 200,000 in Jin-Cha-Ji, 300,000 in Jin-Ji Luyu, and 270,000 in the Shandong Military Region. After the chongqing negotiations ended, the five major base areas began to disarm, and the jin-Cha-Ji demobilized soldiers were the largest.
Nie Rongzhen (first from the right)
Before the disarmament, in addition to the 200,000 main forces, the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region also had 110,000 local armed forces.
These units include: the main force of the military region, 9 columns and 26 brigades, with a total of 200,000 people, and 5 local units of the second-grade military region, with a total of 110,000 people. After the great disarmament, how many main forces and local armed forces have been retained in the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region?
According to the "Memoirs of Nie Rongzhen", "The Biography of Nie Rongzhen", "Memoirs of Xiao Ke" and other materials, the main field army laid off 100,000 people, of which 50,000 were "localized"; the local armed forces laid off 60,000 people and retained 50,000 people, plus the 50,000 people transferred by the main force, which was also 100,000 people.
Of course, a strong signal from the layoffs is that peaceful nation-building is about to begin, and there will be no more major domestic wars.
This can easily mislead commanders and fighters at all levels and produce paralyzed thoughts, and it is still too early for knives and guns to be put into storage and horses to be put on the South Mountain. It should be said that Nie Shuai was rather realistic in implementing the terms of the peace talks and the requirements of his superiors. The Eighth Route Army in North China laid off 200,000 employees, and Jin-Cha-Ji accounted for more than half.
On the contrary, like the Jinji-Hebei Luyu and the Central China New Fourth Army, they are only laying off the old, weak, and disabled, and are still actively expanding their troops for training. In June 1946, the 54-year-old Liu Bocheng even personally led senior cadres above the brigade level of the military region to shoot targets, and the first one was lying on the ground and aiming at the only left eye to shoot 3 shots.
In June 1946, Liu Bocheng demonstrated target shooting
The attitude of the top leaders of the base areas is contagious, which directly leads to the victory of the Jin-Cha-Ji three battles.
At the end of June 1946, the enemy's 300,000 troops besieged the Central Plains Military Region, marking the beginning of the Liberation War. In order to relieve the siege of the Central Plains Military Region, Yan'an ordered various theaters to cooperate. Under the leadership of Su Yu, the Central China Field Army annihilated more than 53,000 enemy troops in less than a month and a half, and the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army, under the leadership of Liu Bocheng, fought the two major battles of Longhai and Dingtao in 27 days and annihilated more than 34,000 enemy troops.
The chairman also summed up in a timely manner the experience of "concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy each one" and issued it to the whole army.
After our Central Plains Military Region was besieged by heavy enemy troops, the chairman had the greatest expectations for Jin-Cha-Ji and Jin-Sui, the weakest enemies in front of them, and hoped that they would use victory to support the Central Plains. However, the Jin-Cha-Ji and Jin-Sui Military Regions, which were also in northern China, were actually defeated in three battles in a duel with Fu Zuoyi and Ma Jiyuan.
This is the second problem that Guo Tianmin attacked: fighting the enemy lightly, and successive defeats also caused the morale of the Jin-Cha-Ji troops to fall into a low ebb. In the first battle, the Battle of Datong and Jining, the combined forces of Jin-Cha-Ji and Jin-Sui underestimated the high walls and deep ditches of Datong and the combat effectiveness of the Jining defenders, so that they were forced to withdraw from the battle for a long time. Zhangjiakou, the capital of Jin-Cha-Ji, was precarious under the enemy's east-west attack and was forced to abandon.
Datong and Zhangjiakou lost one after another, causing the Jin-Cha-Ji heavy winter clothes to suffer huge losses, low morale, and the generals lost peace.
The ancient city of Saiwai and Zhangjiakou, the capital of Chahar Province
Although the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region has a large number of generals, it has a large number of political work cadres and fewer fierce generals who can fight.
Although Nie Rongzhen was the deputy commander of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, like Luo Ronghuan, he was better at political work. The chief officers of the five second-level military regions of Jin-Cha-Ji, such as Xiao Ke, Deng Hua, Zhao Erlu, Chen Manyuan, Wang Ping, zhu Liangcai, and others, are known for their political work. Zhou Jianping, who could fight, sacrificed too early, and Nie Rongzhen could rely on only Yang Chengwu, Guo Tianmin and others.
However, as one of Nie Rongzhen's most relied right-hand men, Guo Tianmin, deputy commander of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, openly angered Nie Rongzhen, the number one of whom was in Charge of Jin-Cha-Ji, at such a high-level meeting, and of course it was a challenge to Nie Shuai's authority, and indeed there were many places worth reflecting on.
Nie Shuai, in the case of successive defeats and internal and external difficulties, became angry on the spot and removed Guo Tianmin from his post, which is also debatable. If both sides can calm down and take a step back, the recovery and development of Jin-Cha-Ji may be better.
However, history has no ifs and assumptions. Guo Tianmin, who had a hot temper, was once refrigerated because of his quick mouth.
In 1947, Huaye Chen Yi and Su Yu annihilated 130,000 enemy troops in the battles of Lunan and Laiwu, Liu Deng's army also won consecutive victories in northern Henan, Southern Jin, and Zhengtai Road, and the Northwest Field Army also won three major victories in succession under the leadership of General Peng.
Zhu De (first from left)
Seeing that the brother troops were alive and well, it was presumable that the generals of Jin-Cha-Ji had some difficulty in riding the tiger.
The chairman of Yan'an looked at the torch, saw the problem at a glance, and began to solve the sequelae of the Laiyuan conference. In April 1947, Secretary Liu and Mr. Zhu of the Working Committee led the task force to Xibaipo in Jin-Cha-Ji, mainly to rectify the military and land reform in Jin-Cha-Ji.
Through research, interviews and analysis, Mr. Zhu believes that the key to the repeated victory of Jin-Cha-Ji is the lack of a main general who can fight in the usual battle.
In The view of General Manager Zhu, Yang Dezhi, who led the first column north to Shanhaiguan from the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region and was blocked, and who remained alone in Jin-Cha-Ji after the troops were transferred back to Jin-Ji Luyu, was a suitable leader candidate to change the current downturn in Jin-Cha-Ji.
Under the instruction of General Manager Zhu, jin-cha-ji reorganized the field army and appointed Yang Dezhi as commander, Luo Ruiqing and Yang Chengwu as the first and second political commissars, and Geng Biao as chief of staff. In order to strengthen the combat effectiveness of the troops, the three columns were also equipped with an artillery brigade for the first time.
Guo Tianmin, who "has no mouth to cover", complained to Mr. Zhu and was taught a lesson by Mr. Zhu. He deeply reflected on his recklessness and asked to go to the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region. Mr. Zhu wrote a letter of introduction to Liu and Deng, and transferred Guo Tianmin to Jinji and Lu Yu as deputy chief of staff.
Under Liu Deng's command, Guo Tianmin, who ate a long and wise man, cooperated with Chen Geng and Wang Shusheng and was known as a "good guy".
【Deeply cultivate the history of war, carry forward positive energy, welcome to submit, private messages will be restored】