"Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronzes" is a collection of materials from the museum's collection, including a total of 1017 bronzes in the museum's collection, including 249 food utensils, 95 wine utensils, 21 water utensils, 19 musical instruments, 217 weapons, 191 carriage and horse tools, 80 tools, 48 utensils, and 97 ornaments, which is the most comprehensive and complete bibliography of the museum's collection so far.
Xu Tianjin, a professor and archaeologist at Peking University's College of Culture and Museum, has been sorting out the zhou bronzes of the Collector Zhou of the Baoji Bronze Ware Museum from August 2005 to Fu zi publishing, and has experienced nearly 16 years intermittently. This article is the preface to the "Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware", and it is also a description of the origin of this work.
In 2012, the Bronze Ware excavation site of Baoji Shangzhou surged news materials
He Zun In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, in 1963, jiacun town, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province, excavated from the Baoji Bronze Museum
Inside page of "Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware"
"Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware" book shadow
The first is closely related to our field archaeological work in the Zhouyuan area. In the autumn of 1999, under the active advocacy of Mr. Li Boqian, the School of Archaeology of Peking University, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences jointly established the Zhouyuan Archaeological Team and began a new round of planned field archaeology work on the Zhouyuan site. The overall academic goal we have determined is to establish a complete archaeological and cultural chronicle and genealogy of the Zhouyuan site, and on this basis, to make a more accurate description of the layout, structure and rise and fall process of the Zhouyuan site.
Qin Gongbium (C) Early Spring and Autumn In January 1978, the Yangjiagou Taigong Temple of Yangping Commune, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province, was excavated from the Collection of the Baoji Bronze Ware Museum
Cover part of "Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware"
In 1999, the first excavation site was selected in the east of Qijia Village and the south of Yuntang Village, and the excavation in 2001 was selected in the north of Wangjiazui Village and the west and north of Hejia Village, the main goal of these two excavations was the archaeological chronology and staging of the site, taking into account the layout research, and the excavation results can be described as satisfactory. At the same time, we have also carried out planned fieldwork in the surrounding area and achieved a series of important results, such as the new discoveries of sites such as Qishan Zhougong Temple, Kongtougou, Fengxiang Shuigou, Persuasion Reading, Baoji Jiangjia Temple and so on. Combined with these new archaeological discoveries, the past archaeological materials and research results have been re-sorted and examined, and the field archaeological ideas of "large-scale investigation, drilling in key areas, and targeted excavation" have gradually been clarified. The scope of the work was subsequently expanded to the "Great Zhouyuan" area. Through nearly 20 years of field archaeological work, great progress has been made in both the understanding of the Zhouyuan site itself and the "Great Zhouyuan" area. In the whole process of work, bronze materials have played an irreplaceable role in the search for sites, dating judgments, settlement distribution and social structure analysis, and the estimation of the trend of political power growth. The reason why the Zhouyuan site has attracted special attention from the academic community is that the large number of bronze artifacts excavated here is the most important reason. It is precisely because the bronzes excavated from the Zhouyuan site are too prominent and too eye-catching in terms of quantity or academic value, so to some extent, the attention of the academic community to other related sites in the surrounding area has been dissipated. Therefore, for a long period of time, sites outside the Zhou Yuan were almost not given due attention, and archaeological materials for investigation or excavation were rare. And we are all very clear that the archaeology of this area during the Western Zhou Dynasty is not only to solve the problem of the nature of the Zhouyuan site, but even to determine the nature of the Zhouyuan site, it is necessary to have a relatively accurate and in-depth understanding of the actual situation of other surrounding settlements. Based on this consideration, we believe that starting from the systematic collation of bronzes excavated in the past in the Baoji area, it is a more convenient and effective way to systematically investigate the sites of their excavations, especially the sites of non-excavated and sporadic excavated bronzes. Therefore, it can also be said that the collation of bronzes in the collection can be parallel to field archaeology.
Peking University's field archaeology, in addition to cooperating with academic research, has an equally important purpose - to cultivate professional talents.
Therefore, the choice of internship location should not only meet the needs of academic topics, but also consider that the investigation, excavation, and collation of various related links can meet the needs of students' professional skills cultivation and academic training. Our field archaeology internship in the Zhouyuan area has now been in its 20th year, and we have made great progress in the concept, method and practice of field archaeology, and the academic results can be described as fruitful. At the same time, through this continuous work, a large number of professionals (10 undergraduates, graduate students and international students, a total of more than 300). This is probably also the site with the largest number of students participating in field archaeology internships in the history of Peking University' archaeology major. In addition to completing the basic training in field archaeology, the intern students are also deeply involved in the research of related issues, and have produced a number of master's and doctoral theses that focus on the area. The study and research of bronzes is an important part of the archaeology of the Shang Zhou Dynasty, but limited to the objective conditions of reality (the theft of ancient tombs in this area is very serious, there is a saying of "ten tombs and nine empty spaces"), the number of bronzes obtained by our excavations is very limited, so there are not many opportunities for students to personally observe bronzes, and the learning in this area has been relatively weak. In order to create better learning conditions for students, especially graduate students in Shang Zhou archaeology, we actively seek the help of the museum. It is an ideal way to rearrange and study the bronzes in the collection in a collaborative research manner. In 2001, in cooperation with the Zhouyuan Museum, we selected some of the Western Zhou bronzes excavated from the Zhouyuan site, and held the "History of jijin Casting - The Essence of Western Zhou Bronzes Unearthed in Zhouyuan" at the Sackler Museum of Archaeology and Art of Peking University, and published a catalogue of the same name the following year. Through the systematic collection of relevant literature, to the observation and recording of specific artifacts, and then to the comprehensive study of each artifact, the participants not only gained a lot of perceptual understanding and experience about bronzes, but also presented a different appearance from the general exhibition catalogue, which may be regarded as a new model for exhibition catalogues and bronze bibliographies. Because of the integrity and academic nature of its data, the catalogue has become an indispensable reference for the study of Zhouyuan bronzes and even western Zhou archaeology. This useful attempt is another motivation for us to launch the project of "Sorting and Researching bronzes of the Collector Zhou of the Baoji Bronze Ware Museum". Nearly 20 graduate students have participated in the compilation of this book to varying degrees, so "Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware" is not only the result of the cooperation between the museum and the school, but also can be regarded as a teaching achievement of ours.
With the continuous discovery of "new materials" and the continuous deepening of academic research, the value and significance of "old materials" have become more and more prominent. In the process of study and research, we deeply appreciate the need to reorganize and publish some important "old materials". Because many archaeological materials in the past were limited by the economic conditions, printing technology and academic concepts at that time, the quality of publication was not ideal. In the use of these materials, often encounter such as insufficient integrity of the material, the quality of the mapping is not high, the image is few and the clarity is not good, etc., and most of the users do not have the opportunity to see the physical object, if as the most important basic material of academic research can not be used effectively to the greatest extent, not only a huge waste, but also hinder the in-depth development of academic research. The publication of archaeological materials and academic research are often two aspects of each other, and the depth of understanding or research level of materials will directly affect the quality of material publications, on the contrary, high-quality material publications will also promote the in-depth and development of academic research. In this regard, we have selected archaeological materials on different themes, cooperated with the exhibition held at Peking University, made some efforts, and achieved positive results. This book is another new attempt on the basis of our existing experience, that is, it has nothing to do with the exhibition, but is purely a compilation of materials. In order to provide the basic materials available to the academic community in a comprehensive, systematic and accurate manner, we have re-carried out detailed physical observation, mapping, rubbing, photography and other recordings of the bronzes we have biblied to the extent we can, and published these records as much as possible. It is sincerely hoped that the publication of this book, in addition to facilitating the study of bronzes, will also arouse the attention of the academic community to the necessity and importance of rearranging "old materials". It is also expected that in the near future, an open database of all bronze materials can be established to cope with the new needs of the development of disciplines in the intelligent era.
In view of the above reasons, in 2008, we applied for a major project of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education under the title of "Collation and Research of Bronze Ware of the Collector Zhou of the Baoji Bronze Ware Museum" and was approved. The research objectives set at that time were mainly as follows:
1. Comprehensively, thoroughly and scientifically record and sort out the relevant bronze data, and finally complete a data bibliography that meets the level of the new era to meet the needs of multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research in the academic community;
2. Carry out research on related topics on the basis of data collation, hoping to gain results in the following aspects: (1) the relationship between the spatial distribution of bronze and settlements; (2) the tradition of casting technology and production and circulation system of bronze in the pre-Qin period; (3) the interpretation and comprehensive research of bronze inscriptions.
Because of the underestimation of the workload of the project, a large amount of time, energy and funds were spent on various technical tasks in the data collation process, and the related research was not fully carried out. In particular, big problems such as "the relationship between the spatial distribution of bronzes and settlements" and "the tradition of casting technology and production and circulation system of bronzes in the pre-Qin period" cannot be completed in a short period of time. Fortunately, we have successfully completed the most important data collation task according to the expected goals, and now we are presenting the results of this collation work. It is hoped that with the re-publication of this batch of "old materials", more scholars can arouse the research interest of more scholars in the bronze ware excavated from Baoji (Shang Zhou bronze), re-examine this batch of precious materials with a broader vision, discover new problems from "old materials", and participate in the discussion.
"Baoji Bronze Ware Museum Collector Zhou Bronze Ware" Book Shadow Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House
The book contains seven papers: "Inside and Outside the Bronze Ware - Several Problems with the Collection of Bronze Ware in the Baoji Bronze Museum" (Xu Tianjin, Kondo Haruka, Liu Jing), "The Chronicle of the Bronze Collection of the Baoji Bronze Museum" (Duan Dexin, Wang Zhu, cui Ruihua), "The Backyard and Neighbors of the Western Zhou Dynasty - Baoji and Baoji Peripherals" (Li Zero), "Bronze Wordless Appeal to Spring and Autumn" (Ren Zhoufang), ""House In China" - He Zunxin Said " ( Dong Shan), "Analysis of Bronze Composition, Metallographic and Lead Isotopes Excavated from the Zhouyuan Ruins and National Cemetery" (Wang Haigang, Jin Zhengyao, Xu Tianjin), "The Application of X-ray Imaging Technology in the Study of Bronze Ware in baoji national cemetery" (Zhu Boya, Hu Dongbo), respectively, introduced and discussed the bronzes and related issues unearthed in Baoji from different aspects, which may be used as a background reference for reading the bronzes unearthed in Baoji.
All in all, this is a dataset of Shang Zhou bronzes, the result of collective labor. In order to strive for the accuracy and richness of the material, and to facilitate the reader's use, although we have adjusted the style many times and changed the draft several times, it still has not been satisfactory, and there are inevitably errors or deficiencies in it.