In 1141, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty reached the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement", and the two sides formed a relationship of monarchs and subjects, bounded by the Huai River and Dashanguan. In fact, before that, the two sides also had a peace agreement, that is, the "Heavenly Family Peace Agreement", for the Southern Song Dynasty, this peace agreement was better than the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement", because the Jin Dynasty actually promised to return the Shaanxi and Henan lands under its control to the Southern Song Dynasty! So, what exactly is the "Heavenly Peace Talk"?
First, the Southern Song Dynasty won many battles, and pseudo-Qi became a burden
It all started in 1136! At this time, the war between the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty had lasted for eleven years, and although the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and captured the Second Emperor Hui Qin, it was still unable to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty established by Zhao. In September of that year, Yue Fei led an army in the Northern Expedition, recovering a large area of lost land in western Henan and southern Shaanxi, and threatening the Central Plains. At the same time, the Song army led by Yang Yizhong also won the Battle of Lotus Pond in Anhui Province, breaking Liu Yu's pseudo-Qi army.
On the one hand, the Repeated Victories of the Song Army, on the other hand, the repeated defeats of the Pseudo-Qi, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty increasingly felt that the Pseudo-Qi had become its burden. It turned out that the Jin Dynasty supported the Pseudo-Qi in order to make it a tool for its own rule over the Yellow River Valley, but the Pseudo-Qi, instead of achieving this goal, continued to cause trouble for the Jin Dynasty. The rulers of the Jin Dynasty were completely disappointed with the pseudo-Qi, so in November 1137, the Jin Dynasty abolished the pseudo-Qi regime and deposed Liu Yu as the King of Shu.
Second, the Jin Dynasty was full of contradictions, and internal struggles for power and profits
With the demise of the puppet Qi, the Jin Dynasty once again faced the Southern Song Dynasty directly, whether to continue to fight with the Southern Song Dynasty or to live in peace, and disagreements arose within the Jin Dynasty ruling clique. When the puppet Qi was deposed, the Southern Song Dynasty's Yingfeng Zi Palace sent Wang Lun to Kaifeng, and he asked Yanchang to return the land of Henan and Shaanxi, but Yanchang did not refuse. After that, yan chang returned to Shangjing and suggested "abolishing the old land and the Song Dynasty". Therefore, Jin Xizong asked the important officials of the imperial court to discuss.
At this meeting, Yan Chang received the support of Yan Zongjun, who remained in Tokyo, and Yan Zongjun believed, "I am with Song, Song Will be de me." However, their proposal was opposed by Yan Zonggan, Yan Zongxian and others. At that time, the presiding officer of the imperial government was Emperor Yan Zongpan, who had the highest status, "tart laziness, Zong Jun's attachment", and finally made the most decision, "Henan, Shaanxi and Song", and sent Zhang Tonggu as an envoy to Jiangnan to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty.
Third, the Song and Jin reached a peace agreement, and a coup d'état broke out in the Jin Dynasty
Although this peace agreement was opposed by Yue Fei and others, Emperor Gaozong of Song agreed, so Song Jin reached a "heavenly peace agreement", and the Southern Song Dynasty declared itself a vassal to the Jin Dynasty, paying 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 silk horses to the Jin Dynasty every year, and the Jin Dynasty returned the land of Henan and Shaanxi to the Song Dynasty. However, the peace talks were not stable, because the content of the peace talks was resolutely opposed by the main war faction of the Jin Dynasty, and they would not agree to this agreement.
It turned out that the leader of the Main Peace Sect, Guanyan Zongpan, was the son of Jin Taizong, and the Guanyan Zonggan and Guanyan Zongbi of the Main War Faction were both sons of Jin Taizu, and the contradiction between the two factions was very sharp, and the two sides had been vying for power and profit. Eventually, a coup d'état broke out within the Jin Dynasty. In August 1139, Emperor Yan zongpan and emperor Yan Zongjun were killed on the charge of treason, and When Yan Chang heard the news and fled, he planned to enter the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, but fled to Qi Prefecture, where he was still arrested and killed. After that, after Yan Zongbi proposed a southern expedition, the Song-Jin War broke out again!
References: 1. "History of Jin"; 2. "History of Song"; 3. "Compilation of the Northern League of the Three Dynasties"