In 1644, the Ming Dynasty fell, and after the Qing army entered the Central Plains, it established a state in Beijing and established the Qing Dynasty. People who know history should know that the predecessor of the Great Qing Dynasty was the Houjin established by the Jurchens, so the Manchu Qing Entry Pass can actually be said to be a foreign invasion.
Since then, in the early days of the Qing Dynasty, a number of anti-Qing and Ming forces have emerged in Jiuzhou, China, one of which is the small imperial court of the Southern Ming Dynasty established by the descendants of the Ming Dynasty's widows and descendants of the Zhu family, and the other official force is Zheng Chenggong, who crossed the south and occupied the island of Taiwan in order to prepare troops to plot against the Qing.
At the same time, there were also many forces in the people with the purpose of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty", among which there were two forces that had a relatively large momentum and were recorded in the history of Qing: one was the famous "Heaven and Earth Society" and the other was the "Rebellion of the Third Prince of Zhu". Among them, the "Rebellion of the Third Prince of Zhu" lasted for a long time, which deeply disturbed Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng.
Who is the "Third Prince of Zhu"? Why did he rebel against the Qing dynasty in his name?
For the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, who worked hard and made outstanding achievements, "Zhu Sanzi" was definitely a word he did not want to hear. As the emperor of the Tang Dynasty and the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, kangxi had tens of millions of heavy soldiers in his hands, so why would he be overwhelmed by a "third prince of Zhu" and have nightmares?
Kangxi was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the third prince of the Shunzhi Emperor, and after he succeeded to the unification, he was the founder of the prosperous era of Kangqian, and one of the few holy lords in history.
In the first year of Kangxi, the rebellion of the "Third Prince of Zhu" occurred in northern Jiangsu, and Kangxi sent people to quell the rebellion and capture its leader. After interrogation, it was found out that the person's name was Zhu Zhouyun, and he was just an ordinary reader.
In the second year of Kangxi, a "Third Prince of Zhu" appeared under the direct command, this person did have a group of people and horses under his command, and the situation was arrogant, and after Kangxi sent people to suppress this chaotic party, he also captured the leader of it, but this person was actually a wealthy and solid businessman, neither surnamed Zhu nor an orphan of the Ming Dynasty.
After the San Francisco Rebellion, Beijing suddenly jumped out of a "Zhu San Prince", who openly absorbed 50,000 believers in Jin, Hebei and other places, often holding an exquisite Daming Palace seal to call the wind and rain and snare his subordinates. Kangxi had no choice but to send troops to quell the chaos, but as a result, the real name of this "Third Prince of Zhu" was Yang Qilong, who was the child of an old palace girl in the Ming Dynasty, and the palace seal in his hand was not fake, but it was still a fake.
In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, a "Third Prince of Zhu" appeared in Fujian, and Kangxi captured him through the secret report provided by the spies, and after torturing him, he learned that this person was a native of Fujian and surnamed Cai, so this was another fake "Third Prince of Zhu".
According to the available historical records, during the 61-year reign, Kangxi experienced a total of 70 "rebellions of the three princes of Zhu". The number of such revolts made Kangxi annoyed but helpless. Some people can't help but ask: Why are there always people who revolt against the Qing Dynasty in the name of "Third Prince Zhu"? In fact, this matter should also start from the special identity of "Third Prince of Zhu".
The "Third Prince of Zhu" was actually named Zhu Cihuan, and he was the third son of Zhu Youjian, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng, the king of Chongzhen, led a large army to attack the capital division, and before his death, the Chongzhen Emperor arranged a tragedy in which the family committed suicide and martyred the country. However, at the last moment, the Chongzhen Emperor still gathered the 3 princes by his side, let them change into the clothes of ordinary people, and ordered: In case Ru and other people survive, they will definitely restore the Ming Dynasty!
The situation was critical, and the three princes were scattered in the chaos, but according to the Qing Dynasty historians, the third prince Zhu Cihuan was intercepted by Li Zicheng after leaving the palace, and after Li Zicheng's army was defeated, the whereabouts of the third prince Zhu Cihuan were unknown.
Why Kangxi feared the "Rebellion of the Third Prince of Zhu"
If the various "rebellions of the three princes of Zhu" in the folk are just villains waiting for opportunities to make trouble and absurd children's plays, then the Kangxi Emperor really does not have to be angry about it, and in comparison with the strength, it must be the Kangxi Emperor's side that has a chance of winning. But in fact, the Kangxi Emperor was really rather distressed, was the Kangxi Emperor afraid of the "rebellion of the Third Prince of Zhu"?
Those who are familiar with Chinese history must know that whenever the dynasty changes, someone must have launched a rebellion under various more legitimate-sounding names. Among those "seemingly legitimate reasons", the vast majority of them are excuses such as "supporting the bloodline of the former imperial family to restore Shunzhi".
The Kangxi Emperor was also familiar with reading history books, and he was most worried about someone using the name of "Zhu SanZi" to detonate the people's collective anti-Qing, rather than fearing Zhu Cihuan, the third prince of Zhu.
What is the fate of the "Third Prince of Zhu"
The "rebellion of the third prince of Zhu" continued uninterrupted from the day of Kangxi's pro-government, until the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, when an official in Shandong repaired a seal and urgent secret letter to the Kangxi Emperor, and Kangxi read it and learned that the local officials had found the real third prince Zhu Cihuan in a village in Shandong, and according to close secret observation, this person had not committed any rebellion.
After pondering for a while, the Kangxi Emperor decided that he would rather kill a thousand by mistake than let this person go. In the end, Kangxi ordered that the entire clan of the third prince of Zhu be killed.
No one could figure out whether this Zhu San Prince was a true remnant of the Ming Dynasty, and even after the entire clan was cursed, the "Zhu San Prince Rebellion" still occurred from time to time in various parts of the Qing Dynasty, and it did not disappear. Kangxi couldn't think of a better way, and his response strategy was to continue to suppress the Qing dynasty while benefiting the people everywhere.
This practice is undoubtedly a good idea, before Kangxi was about to abdicate, there was almost no longer a rebellion of the third prince of Zhu in the north and south of the river. From the perspective of the emperor, kangxi adopted tough and high-pressure measures against similar events such as the "rebellion of the third prince of Zhu" and "anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty", which shook the people's hearts and minds.
During the Kangxi period, 70 consecutive times to suppress the "rebellion of the third prince of Zhu" can be said to have created a more stable political ecology for Qianlong. In order to stabilize the political situation, Qianlong changed his countermeasures, and he erected a monument to Yuan Chonghuan, letting the Han people know how corrupt and faint the rule of the late Ming Dynasty was, and even the loyal generals had to be killed. Later, the Han people did have a deep disappointment in the former dynasty, and when the people were discouraged, they gradually gave up the idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty".