Presumably many people have seen the Deer Ding Record, there is such a historical plot in the Deer Ding Record that makes people very interested, that is, the anti-Qing and Restoration of the Heaven and Earth Society, whether the Heaven and Earth Society really exists is still untestable, but the anti-Qing restoration is real, and the Chinese dictionary records that the so-called anti-Qing restoration refers to: "Overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty and restore the royal family of the Ming Dynasty." Later, it was extended as follows: "Overthrow foreign rule and save China." ”
The anti-Qing restoration was the northern part of the Ming Dynasty was conquered by Li Zicheng, and the Qing Dynasty then destroyed Li Zicheng, and a series of movements in China to resist the Manchu rule of the Qing Dynasty and demand the restoration of the Ming Dynasty. Among them were the "anti-Qing and restoration" actions of King Yanping in Taiwan and the Korean Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, as well as the anti-Qing and restoration banners raised by Wu Sangui during the San Francisco Rebellion.
The outbreak of anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty should start from the entry of the Qing army into the customs, the Ming Dynasty is a regime ruled by the Han people, the Han people are the largest, and for the largest number of Han people is also very satisfied, but the Qing Dynasty is different, the rule of the Satisfaction Regime has brought a very big impact to the Han people, the Manchu rule implements the "Great Manchu doctrine", "Manchu supremacy" Policy Dynasty, the overall Manchu Eight Banners, "no agriculture, no business, no work, sitting on the han people's anointing blood", this aspect alone makes the outbreak of anti-Qing restoration provide the necessary conditions.
After the Qing army entered the customs, in order to consolidate its own rule, so it adopted a high-pressure policy, more and more Han culture was impacted, the way of life was forcibly changed, especially the shaving order, which was a great shame for the Han people, so many civilian benevolent and righteous people spontaneously launched a movement against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
However, the continuous anti-Qing restoration movement also brought distress to the Qing rulers, so in order to completely eradicate this phenomenon and judgment, it was found that the Qing rulers broke out many massacres, such as the Ten Days of Yangzhou, the Three Massacres of Jiading, the Eighty-first Day of Jiangyin, the Massacre of Guangzhou, and so on.
Not only that, the Qing Dynasty also implemented a very strict literal prison, from the ideological and political, economic and cultural life and other aspects of the overall control of the Han people, in fact, there is a very contradictory problem here, that is, the Ming Rulers have been so decayed, but many ordinary people are still willing to restore the rule of the Ming Dynasty, I don't know what everyone thinks about this contradiction?
It should be known that in the last year of the Chongzhen Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, although the external claim of the Central Army was 500,000, the local troops 200,000 combined to more than 700,000 troops, although the number may be a bit fake, but the army at the end of the Ming Dynasty is actually a bit strong, although the dynasty is decaying, but in the army there are Yuan Chonghuan's 200,000 Guanwai troops, as well as Wu Sangui's 300,000 garrison troops, these two people alone still have a certain combat effectiveness.
If it were not for Wu Sangui's sudden anti-water, it is not certain whether the Qing Dynasty or the Ming Dynasty ruled the world, so Wu Sangui was also judged by later generations as a sinner for eternity.
Even if the rulers of the Ming Dynasty are decadent and the taxes are heavy, the reason why the people are still willing to support the rule of the Ming Dynasty is actually from the two aspects of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, first of all, let's talk about the Qing Dynasty, after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, at the beginning it was still a disguise in front of the people, wearing a hypocritical mask to promise the people to reduce taxes, etc., until the Qing Ruler occupied most of the country, the Qing Ruler who began to stand firm revealed his original appearance.
In order to maintain their own political power, suppress the resistance of the Han people, but also force the people of the whole country to shave their hair and change their clothes, leave their heads without hair, leave their hair without leaving their heads, and the Han people, who have been indoctrinated by the Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius for more than 2,000 years, are not willing at all. The body is damaged by the parents, it is not filial piety, coupled with many readers taking the lead in resisting, the ordinary people are also instigated, and the most important thing is the Qing Ruler promised to reduce taxes, but because of the continuous war after entering the customs, but also aggravated a lot, this kind of untrustworthy behavior makes the ordinary people more dissatisfied with the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
Let's talk about the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty is actually not how wise the rule, the reason why the people have a good feeling for the Ming Dynasty, is because the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, was born of a peasant, and this alone made many ordinary people feel very kind to him, Zhu Yuanzhang was a farmer of the Han nationality.
His regime was built on the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongols, most of the time in Chinese history was dominated by the Han people, the Han regime was overthrown, the Han people were of course dissatisfied, where there was oppression, there was resistance, so many people embarked on the road of anti-Qing and restoration.
Finally, coupled with the establishment of the Qing Dynasty regime, not all of them were fought by themselves, when Li Zicheng rebelled at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty almost had no combat strength, in this case of clams fighting each other, the Qing Dynasty against the benefits of the fishermen, so many people were unconvinced by the rule of the Qing Dynasty, under this chaotic world, there were many anti-Qing and Restoration organizations, such as the White Lotus Sect, the White Lotus Sect to "popularize the family of believers" as the call, the formation of a large number of professional believers with families, called the White Lotus Daoists.
Popularly speaking, it is a layman's disciple, do not cut their hair, do not wear monk clothes, the White Lotus Sect has been established in the Yuan Dynasty, until the Qing Dynasty, it is still very active, the White Lotus Sect also joined the anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming, at that time insisted on anti-Qing and Restoration of the Ming also Li Dingguo, Li Dingguo is Zhang Xianzhong's adopted son.
At a very young age, he followed Zhang Xianzhong's southern expedition to the northern war, after Zhang Xianzhong's death, Li Dingguo submitted to the Southern Ming regime, this Li Dingguo did have some skills, in the 9th year of the Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, he once sent 80,000 troops to attack Hunan, the Qing army commander Dingnan Wang Kong Youde, was forced to commit suicide, so the Qing Dynasty sent 150,000 troops to suppress, Li Dingguo used the art of war to surround the Qing army, so that the 150,000 Qing army collapsed, the main general was also beheaded, Li Dingguo insisted on opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming For a full 17 years, which can be regarded as a heroic Haojie.
There is another big man in the anti-Qing restoration team, presumably everyone has heard his name, he is Zheng Chenggong when Zheng Chenggong led his father Zheng Zhilong's old department to approach the southeast coast, became one of the main military forces in the late Southern Ming Dynasty, until the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi 16 years of real success, led the army was punished, achieved a huge victory, surrounded Nanjing.
However, they were caught in the Qing army's strategy of slowing down the army, so they had to return to Xiamen, and later Zheng Chenggong snatched back Taiwan at the hands of the East India Company, and Zheng Chenggong, who died of an acute illness, shouted in grief and indignation before his death, "I have no face to see the emperor underground."
The anti-Qing restoration movement was established from the Qing Dynasty to the late Qing government abdication is also very rare in history, from the beginning of the establishment of a dynasty to the end of the dynasty there are anti-regime people active, in history also has a very special meaning.