As we all know, the Ming Dynasty was a Han Jiangshan, a Manchu Jiangshan during the Qing Dynasty, although the Manchus and Han dynasties ruled together during the Qing Dynasty, but in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, a shaving order was issued, which made the people of the world angry and frightened for a time. Perhaps many people do not know that the initiator of this shaving order is actually Sun Zhihuo, and the fate of Sun Zhiwu in the end is also extremely miserable, and even affects future generations to cut off incense. What's going on here? Below, Xiaobian will reveal the secret to you.
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For Sun Zhizhuo, perhaps many readers are relatively unfamiliar, he is a native of Zichuan County, Shandong Province, born in a wealthy merchant family, so he received a good private school education at an early age. In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622 AD), Sun Zhizhuo participated in the Imperial Examination and the First Rank, thus entering the career path as a Shu Jishi, and his main duties were to explain the scriptures and draft some texts for the emperor. At that time, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was in power, and Sun Zhixuan was a shrewd man, so he quickly became involved with Wei Zhongxian and others. Later, the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian succeeded to the throne and vigorously punished the castration party, while Wei Zhongxian hanged himself and died, and for a time the tree fell and scattered.
After eliminating Wei Zhongxian, the Chongzhen Emperor began to burn books written by the castration party, such as the Three Dynasties Essential Code, which was a book for the purpose of excluding and killing dissidents, and countless virtuous generals died because of this book. It is worth mentioning that at that time, the eunuch party compiled the "Three Dynasties Essential Code", Sun Zhizhu also had merit, and many of the contents were from his hand, so when the Chongzhen Emperor wanted to burn the "Three Dynasties Essential Code", Sun Zhizhuo held the book and cried bitterly in the Taimiao Temple, and did not allow the emperor to burn the book. Later, the Chongzhen Emperor took the opportunity to dismiss Sun Zhizhuo from his post and listed him as a castrated party, and although he was not killed, he was demoted to a commoner.
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing army relied on Wu Sangui to enter Guannei, and since then the rule of the Qing Dynasty has begun. I don't know who recommended it, but after the Qing court entered the customs, it actually summoned Sun Zhihuo and also gave him the official position of right attendant of the ceremonial department. As a remnant of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Zhizhuo should have refused, after all, Confucianism is that one subject does not serve the two masters, but Sun Zhizhuo agreed with great joy, not only immediately entered the capital to thank the lord for his grace, but also did a very disgraceful thing.
At that time, the Qing court practiced Manchu and Han co-rule, and when the Manchu officials were on the left and the Han officials were on the right, and the Manchus shaved their hair and wore full clothes, and the Han people wore Han costumes with their hair. However, when Sun Zhizhu went to the court, he was different, he was wearing Hanfu, but he shaved into a Manchu hairstyle, and he could not enter the court left and right, because the Han people said that his hairstyle was wrong, and the Manchus said that he was Han, so it also made Sun Zhihu extremely embarrassed, and finally had to stand outside.
At the time of the Qing army's entry, the Manchu hairstyle was called "money rat tail", that is, all the hair was shaved, leaving only a handful of hair on the top of the head, and it was stipulated that this pinch of hair could only be the size of copper coins. In addition, leaving a handful of hair to braid into a small braid, the thickness should be just about the same as the mouse tail, so it is named "money rat tail". Later, the hairstyles of the Manchus in the Qing Dynasty changed many times, and it was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that they became the so-called "half-bald head".
During the Shunzhi Emperor's reign, manchu hairstyles were still dominated by "money rat tails". We all know that the Qing court later issued a very influential "shaving order", requiring the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu and the people of the world to shave their hair, and then change it to a Manchu hairstyle, but many people do not know that in fact, at the beginning, the Qing court did not require a "shaving order", and even only let officials shave their hair at the beginning. However, I don't know why Sun Zhizhi was fond of shaving his hair, not only taking the lead in shaving his own hair, but also letting his family shave his hair, and even writing to the Shunzhi Emperor many times, asking him to vigorously promote the "shaving order" throughout the country.
In order to implement the "shaving order", Sun Zhizhu also used "hair not shaved, the country will die" to scare the Shunzhi Emperor, and finally the Shunzhi Emperor issued a decree, ordering the whole country to shave into a Manchu hairstyle, otherwise it is a rebellion, and for a time "keeping the head" or "keeping the hair" has become a choice of life and death. For the Han Chinese, Confucianism teaches that "the body has skin, the parents do not dare to destroy the wounds, and the beginning of filial piety" (The Book of Filial Piety), so shaving is not just a simple cut of the hair, but an act of filial piety to the parents. At the same time that the Qing court vigorously promoted the "shaving order", the resistance throughout the country also increased day by day, according to the "Miscellaneous Records of The Observations and Stories of the Research Hall", tens of thousands of people were killed in jiangnan because of not shaving their hair, and the total number of people in the whole country was probably millions.
Although the "shaving order" was the will of the Qing court, the initiator was Sun Zhihuo. In the third year of Shunzhi (1646 AD), Sun Zhihuo returned to his hometown to worship his ancestors, coinciding with the outbreak of a peasant uprising in Shandong. At that time, the leader of the rebel army was named Xie Qian, and he heard that Sun Zhihuo had returned to Shandong, so he immediately sent someone to arrest him, because Xie Qian and others revolted because of the "shaving order". In fact, it wasn't just Xie Qian who hated Sun Zhizhuo, people all over the country were eager to eat his flesh and drink his blood. In the end, Sun Zhihuo was successfully captured alive by the rebel army, who tied him up with five flowers, then poked holes in his body with nails, and then inserted feathers to parade around the streets. When people saw Sun Zhiji being paraded on the street, they beat rotten eggs and rotten vegetable leaves, which was really gratifying.
The final result can be imagined, Sun Zhizhuo still has the life to go back alive, in addition, his family of seven people were all killed by the rebel army, and no one in the entire family decoration was spared. When the news of Sun Zhizhuo's death reached the government and the public, the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu not only did not feel sorrow for him, but they all secretly rejoiced in their hearts, even the Shunzhi Emperor did not say anything, and few years later, no one mentioned this matter.
Resources:
"Shunzhi" author: Lixing, publisher: Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Liu Lijiang's