The Qing Dynasty is a very special period of history, from the establishment of Nurhaci after the Jin, a total of 296 years of history, less than three hundred years, but witnessed the ups and downs of China's feudal society, full of conspiracies, cunning.
The establishment of the Qing Dynasty was based on countless massacres, on countless perfidy and power disputes, no feudal dynasty carried out so many massacres in the early days of its establishment, and during the reign of Fu Lin, that is, during the regency of Dorgon, this most controversial was the "shaving order".
First, the early stage of the development of shaving orders
Manchu men generally have a pinch of hair as large as money in the middle of the head, which is long and braided, and shaved on all four sides, so it is called "money rat tail". Generally speaking, the Manchus only have "national mourning" and "parental mourning" within a hundred days without shaving, usually, except for a small handful in the middle, the surrounding hair can not be stored, in the Jin ruler period, the people who forced the surrender to imitate the Manchu hairstyle, at that time shaved hair as a sign of submission, "surrendered soldiers and other shaved hair", Jin Taizong once ordered "forbidden people To wear Hanfu, and those who cut their hair is not as good as the style, die!". Huang Taiji believed that if Jin was Sinicized, it would inevitably perish?
"If he is effective in his garments and hats in other countries and in the women's hair and feet, he is in this dynasty and has a heart in another country." Henceforth, the offender will be aggravated. "The translation is that if it is effective to imitate the dress of other countries, and if a woman is tied with her hair and feet, it is regarded as a person in his own country, and from then on, the offense is a felony. This was the beginning of the shaving order, which was carried out within the golden rule.
Second, the development of the shaving order climax
For a long time, because the war shaving order did not develop, until the regency period of the Qing Dynasty Dolgun, the Ming Dynasty descended the general Sun Zhihuo, this person after the Qing army entered the customs, asked for officials, became the first batch of Han officials to be surrendered, and soon became the Qing Dynasty Ceremonial Attendant to repay the favor of the promotion of the new lord, let the whole family of female relatives enlarge their feet, they also took the initiative to shave their hair, when the Han officials saw Sun Zhihu's attire, they felt ridiculous and contemptible in their hearts, and they squeezed him out of the shift with their sleeves. Manchu officials, believing themselves to be a ruling and conquering nation, also kicked and scolded him, kicking him out of the full class.
Annoyed and angry, Sun Zhizhi immediately wrote a sonata after going down to the court, suggesting to Dorgon that the Han people should be shaved throughout the territory, and there were a few sentences that directly scratched dorgon's heart: His Majesty calms the Central Plains, everything is new, and the system of clothing and hair is unique to Han Old, which is His Majesty from China, not from His Majesty.
So the regent Dorgon issued a shaving order, and no one expected that the evil law forced people, and as a result, the jiangnan region, which was gradually calming, suddenly spread out a wave of resistance like boiling oil. In this position of defending their own spirit and customs, almost all Han Chinese showed astonishing consistency.
On June 28, 1645, the Qing court again issued an edict: "Those who are near january and those who are far away in March, each takes shaved hair and submits to obedience." "In this way, shaving your hair becomes an absolute death order.
"The Chinese have become Yi, and it is better to live than to die." Under the grief and indignation, the people of Jiangyin, a city known as a state of etiquette, revolted one after another, vowing not to shave their hair and not surrender, and elected the former Ming Dynasty Shi Yan Yingyuan into the city's main government, closed the city gates, and swore to resist to the death, and in the end, more than 200,000 people were killed in Jiangyin alone. In addition to Jiangyin, the people of Kunshan were also killed tens of thousands for resisting the shaving order. The most tragic thing was that the Qing army in Jiading slaughtered the city three times, killing nearly 100,000 people in such a small area.
Under the shaving order, the blood flowed into a river, and the people of Jiangnan finally recognized the murderous face of the Qing rulers at the cost of millions of heads. At this point, their fantasies about the "Great Qing" came to an end. Dorgon's "shaving order" caused incalculable losses of life and property in China at that time.
3. The impact of shaving orders
In the final analysis, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty wanted to completely exterminate the Han chinese in form, in order to attack and destroy the national spirit of the Han people and ensure that the Manchus were not assimilated by the Han in spiritual form.
Through bloody suppression and massacres, the Rulers of the Qing Dynasty basically achieved the desired effect, and the Han gradually forgot the clothes and costumes of their own people, and became accustomed to the Manchurian braid hairstyles and those "barbarian" costumes that were originally regarded as extremely ugly. After the demise of the Qing government after the Xinhai Revolution, the soldiers of the revolutionary army cut their braids in various places, and many ordinary people actually held their heads and braided, crying and weeping...