The shaving order implemented in the early Qing Dynasty was resisted by many Han Chinese, and a series of uprisings broke out in the south because of the shaving order, a government decree that seemed to be only about personal image, which almost shook the foundation of the early rule of the Qing Dynasty, so why did the Manchu Qing take such a big political risk to implement the shaving order?
In fact, the reasons for the Qing Emperor's insistence on shaving the hair order are complex, no matter from which aspect, showing the uniqueness of the Qing Dynasty's Taoist system, ideologically and culturally enslaving the Han people are the most important reasons, the Manchu Qing dynasty, the original million Manchus and more than 100,000 Phi Armor people, his replacement of the Ming Dynasty is a great accident, the Manchu Qing is not confident in culture, he insists on the shaving order, that is, to forcibly assimilate the Han people into his own ruling system, the author even believes that Dorgon forcibly issued the shaving order to provoke the Han uprising, Thus the conspiracy to systematically slaughter the Han population by force.
In addition to expressing the uniqueness of the Manchu Qing legal system, Dorgon's shaving order, or consciously deepened the ethnic contradictions between the Manchus and Han, the author believes that the conquest of the Ming Dynasty too smoothly made the Manchu rulers feel a sense of insecurity, the Composition of the Qing Dynasty army at that time, there were a large number of ming dynasty ministers like Wu Sangui, the Manchu Qing shaving order, deepened the contradiction between the shaved Ming Dynasty generals and the temporary submission of the Ming Dynasty scholar class, objectively organized the confluence of the two, such a confluence, in the eyes of the Qing Dynasty rulers, far more terrible than the people's change.
One. Spiritual and cultural enslavement of the Han Chinese
1． The body hair is influenced by the parents, and the importance of hair style in ancient times
Hair and clothing, in china's ancient culture, is by no means a simple appearance, he is a symbol of dignity, even life, as early as the Qin Dynasty, removing all of a person's hair, is a very severe punishment, in the complex psychology of human beings, hair is a layer of protection for the soul, completely remove hair, so that a person lack of security.
The style of hair for the ancients is of great significance, but also in the Han and the surrounding ethnic minorities different hairstyles, is an important part of the Distinction between Huayi, at that time in northern China, hu people, almost all have hairstyles with national characteristics, these hairstyles are to facilitate their immediate life and different from the Han, it can be said that the Han hairstyle is a symbol of their civilization, is the most intuitive external expression of their sense of superiority in their hearts.
2． The Manchu Qing's demand for hair shaving was a blow to superiority
The fundamental reason for the Manchu Qing to enter the Central Plains was not the crushing of the Manchu civilization on the Han civilization, he was the embodiment of the strength of the Manchu army, but also because the weakness of the Ming Dynasty gave the Manchus a rare opportunity for a thousand years.
With Jiangnan basically at peace and manchu military forces basically controlling most of the country's strategic points, Dorgon demanded shaving of his hair in order to mentally enslave the Han chinese, which was a naked oppression and an attack on the spirit of the Han people in the spiritual sense.
No matter how much they boasted that they had won the country over Li Zicheng, the Manchu rulers actually knew in their hearts that the Manchu Qing were the biggest beneficiaries of the fall of the traditional Han control areas, and they used barbaric policies to forcibly assimilate the Han people, that is, to destroy the sense of honor of the Han people spiritually
3． Culturally inferior civilizations will eventually be assimilated
Referring to the rule of the Jin and Mongols in the Han areas, the Manchu rulers desperately discovered that the Hu people's hundred years of luck was not an empty phrase, no matter how powerful the Mongols and the Jin state were, they were eventually assimilated by the Han civilization.
Dorgon saw that if there were no big moves, the fate of the Manchu Qing was also doomed, he forcibly issued a shaving order, setting off a bloody storm in the Jiangnan region, that is, to avoid the premature assimilation of the Manchu Qing, he hoped to use the cultural traditions of the Manchu Qing to shape the spiritual world of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Qing enslavement education, is a systematic project, tampering with the history of the Ming, the literal prison, the shaving order are all an important part of it, the shaving order is not dolgun's whim, he is the manchu state government.
Two. The population of areas where the shaving order is boycotted is fiercely eradicated
1． Manchu Qing innate political flaws
The manchu population compared to the huge disadvantage of the Han population, is the Manchu Qing rule can hardly make up for the big huge shortcomings, in the Yongzheng Emperor of the February River, there has been a precise depiction of this, manchu rule over the Han, like a child holding a huge pot of hot soup, a little careless, the soup spilled out or even the soup pot overturned, and eventually the child is going to be injured.
The congenital defects of the Manchus were almost incomprehensible, and the raising of the flag by a large number of Han adherents in the early Qing Dynasty, the establishment of the Han Eight Banners, and the goodwill toward the Mongols were all great efforts made by the Manchus to make up for this deficiency, and soon this barbaric regime thought of another bloody road.
2． Organized killings in Han resistance areas
It can never be said that Dorgon did not predict the huge backlash brought about by the shaving order, in fact, it was the relatively well-preserved Jiangnan region of the Ming Dynasty's grass-roots political structure, and the resistance to the shaving order was even more intense, and this area was the furthest from the Manchu Longxing Land, and in fact it was also the area with weak control of the Qing government.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, until its demise, the real internal threat of civil resistance has been concentrated in the south, whether it is the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom or the Twist Army, until the Wuchang Uprising, the author thinks, Dorgon deliberately provoked ethnic contradictions in the region, and there are reasons for plotting to slaughter the people.
The confrontation of civilization is cruel, whether it is the four-class system of the Mongolian Yuan, or the System of Reducing the Ding of the Han People to the Grassland People, in the bones is the one that threatens the flesh to eliminate that set, and the Jiading Three Massacres of the Qing Dynasty and the Ten Days of Yangzhou are the planned massacres of the people who are emotionally strongly nostalgic for the previous dynasty and who are culturally unwilling to be assimilated by the Manchus.
Kill those who dare to resist, those who really have the backbone, identify the groups of the people who have opinions about the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and then eliminate them. The author is not afraid to use the greatest malice to speculate on the evil of the Manchu Qing.
3． The establishment of the Manchu Qing policy was a multi-pronged link
Economically, the Manchus used land enclosure and charging to plunder the wealth of ancient civilizations, and spiritually, they used the shaving order to dwarf the national spirit of the Han people, which was an important part of the establishment of manchu rule rules.
Facts have proved that the Qing Rulers, who were truly cruel and forbearing, did break the curse of the Hu people without a hundred years of luck, and their set of mature enslaved rule techniques castrated many important things in the Han civilization for more than two hundred years.
Three. Dorgon's decree – the screening of true Qing vassals
1． From Sun Zhihuo, I saw the self-knowledge of a true slave
Sun Zhizhuo was a real political opportunist, and his self-righteous shaving and easy obedience, and the unified contempt of the Manchu and Han officials in the court, let him give the famous recital to Dolgun, who thought that Dorgon's shaving and easy obedience to the government decree was too procrastinating. "This is Your Majesty from China, not from Your Majesty."
This sentence in Sun Zhizhuo's recital is to the effect that Now China is already a plaything of the Manchu masters, and the masters do not care about the feelings of the Chinese people, this sentence is one of the most shameless three sentences in China's thousand-year history, but I am afraid that there is no problem.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu Qing dynasty entered the Central Plains, and many forces from all sides were subordinate to the Qing Dynasty, and when the early Emperor Taiji and the Ming Dynasty were in a strategic stalemate, the preferential treatment of the Ming Generals gave the Manchu Qing the illusion of cherishing the Talents of the Han Generals, which was the main reason why most of the regions were invincible to the Qing army in the early Manchu Qing conquest of the Southern Ming.
2． A large number of surrenders - the shortcomings of Manchu rule
There were many people in the Ming Dynasty who attached themselves to the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and how many of them really hoped that the Qing Dynasty would last for a thousand years, Dorgon was not sure, the author wondered, then whether there was such a possibility of issuing a shaving order, this order was actually to divide the Han landlord class that might reside above the Manchu Qing political system, completely smash the common cultural foundation of the Han people, and thus cover up the class contradictions with ethnic contradictions.
It is possible that a united landlord class Xungui clique is undoubtedly a greater threat to the Manchu Qing than a scattered mob, and the Manchu Qing tore apart the feelings of the han landlords and made them cut off from the tradition of Han culture that stretched for thousands of miles, so that when the Han people were likely to raise troops, they were born insufficient at the beginning and lacked the appeal to the nationalists.
See the rebellion of Wu Sangui during the Kangxi Dynasty, assuming that even if Wu Sangui hanged the Yongli Emperor, the Manchu Qing still retained respect for the Han people's hair style and crown, then Wu Sangui's rebellion was more likely to resonate in the hearts of Han nationalists, and his appeal must be much stronger than his braided call for anti-Qing.
epilogue:
Dorgon's shaving and obedience decree was one of the most barbaric decrees of the early Manchu Qing Dynasty, and it is said that this decree alone made millions of Han Chinese people in the country die, and this decree was of far-reaching significance for the Manchu Qing dynasty to use force to castrate the spirit and culture of the Han people, and to stand on the position of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. First of all, he made it clear that although the Qing Dynasty claimed to have inherited the Ming system, it was a Manchu supremacy dynasty, and the people must be included in the Manchu rule system, and the important content of this was to accept shaving and braiding.
The Manchu Qing was willing to eliminate the bravest and most rebellious people of the Han people in the early days of his rule, and he was willing to exterminate the population in Jiangnan in large quantities, as long as it was beneficial to the rule.
At the same time, the shaving order made the Han bureaucracy, which may be attached to the Manchu Qing political system, lose the power of the Taoist system of resistance, and this kind of power was the most feared by the Qing rulers, and the author regrets to see that the Manchu Qing barbaric series of government decrees did play an effect of enslaving the Han people, and the shaving order was only one of the important components.
Resources:
History of the Qing Dynasty
"Manchu Old Files"
Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty