The door valve, the collective name of the door and the valve reading, refers to the famous family that has been an official for generations. It already had a rudimentary form in the pre-Qin period, officially originated from the inspection system in the Two Han Dynasties, and by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it had formed a family of successive princes such as the Yuan clan of Runan, so that Yuan Shao, the representative of this family, could respond to everything and become the leader of the rebel army against Dong Zhuo. After that, although he failed, but the Jiangshan Dynasty had talented people, each leading the way for hundreds of years, and later when Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, because the ruler wanted to gain the support of the family clan, he politically implemented the Nine Pins Zhongzheng system. As the name suggests: nine of them are official ranks, and Zhongzheng is an official position recommended for these grades, with sizes, size differences, and different authorities, and in the later period, it is completely controlled by the family clan. Therefore, at that time, the door valve gradually began to shine on the stage of Chinese history.
Facts have proved that the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were also the peak period of the Gate Valve Clan in China's history!
Figure 1| The daily gathering of the door valve family
It is precisely because of the support of the rulers and the tilt of various institutional policies that the Cao Wei dynasty, the door valves are a higher level than the previous generation, such as one of the top door valves of the Eastern Jin Dynasty - Chen Junxie Shi was founded by Diannong Zhonglang and his son Xie Heng, to his descendant Xie An, because he commanded the Battle of Shuishui, which determined the fate of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, reached its peak, and then prospered for a thousand years, and was the second richest family in the Middle Ages besides the Langya Wang clan. After Sima Yan usurped Wei Lijin, because Sima Shi itself originated from the Shi clan, a new government decree was promulgated: the Occupation of The Land System. As the name suggests, it is a system of land and taxes. On the surface, the peasants could reclaim the land on their own, which was a great good thing for the low-level agricultural laborers and the Landlords of the Shu ethnic group. But in fact, by the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were less than 20 million registered people in the country, such as Sima Yangang's unified Taikang First Year (280), according to the Book of Jin. The country contains:
2,459,840,161,63,863 mouths.
The national land, by the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Emperor, had reached more than 7.32 million hectares, and by the end of the Han Dynasty and the Cao Wei Period, it was relatively preserved between this number, so this period had just experienced the Three Kingdoms War, which was relatively sparsely populated and there was no chicken chirping for thousands of miles. At the same time, this policy also has great privileges for bureaucratic clans, yin guests, and yin relatives:
From the first to the ninth of the official products, each occupies the land with nobles and lows. The first product can occupy fifty hectares of land, and each of the following low products is reduced by five hectares. And each of them is the height of the product, shading his relatives, shading his customers, the many and the nine tribes, and the lesser the third.
Thus the expropriation system actually had another intention: to recognize and protect the fait accompli of the large number of hukou and land already occupied by the gentry bureaucracy. Moreover, in the feudal society dominated by the small peasant economy, what hukou and land mean, I believe everyone is also very clear.
Since then, after the door valve gained the political initiative from the Cao Wei Jiupin Zhongzheng system, it also gained the economic initiative at this time, thus forming a situation of "no cold door in the upper product and no family in the lower product".
Figure 2| the Western Jin Dynasty occupation system
Among the famous door valves, in addition to the Chen Jun xie clan we mentioned earlier, there is also the Langya Wang clan. His family originated in the Western Jin Dynasty's filial son Wang Xiang, because his descendant Wang Dao assisted Sima Rui in creating the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so the Langya Wang clan became a top door valve in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was called "Wang Xie" together with the Chen Junxie clan. In its heyday, the two races could even affect the status of rulers. At the same time, because of the resources behind them, the two ethnic groups are gathered. In addition to the two representative figures of Wang Dao and Xie An, there are also such as the famous calligrapher Wang Xiyimen, as well as Xie Xuan, the first talented woman at that time, Xie Daoyun, etc., all of whom are the children of the two ethnic groups!
Talking and laughing, there is no white Ding, vividly interpreting the ancient circle, Wang Xie and the two families in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is the representative of the door valve circle. Because the Jiupin Zhongzheng system and the Zhantian system, the two families not only have a great right to speak in politics and economy, but also the two clans only marry the same door valve and the royal family to ensure blood relations and thus stabilize their position!
However, while the two ethnic groups were extremely prosperous in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they also led to the inability of the cold door to enter the army, or the inability to enter the army to become a high-ranking official, and in the long run, social contradictions will inevitably intensify. By the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu rose to prominence and became a powerful vassal of the Eastern Jin Dynasty step by step, usurping the Jin Dynasty and establishing the Song Dynasty in the second year of Yuan Xi (420). In order to consolidate imperial power, he began to vigorously promote the Hanmen, and the door valve headed by Wang Xie suffered a devastating blow for the first time.
Figure 3| the commoner emperor Liu who rose in the era of door valve monopoly
After the feast, there was a mess; prosperity and decline were natural laws from which nothing in ancient times could escape, and so were the door valves. Although in the Southern Dynasty, the door valve headed by Wang Xie was still a representative of social status, but it was no longer as beautiful as it was in the heyday of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and even in the time of Emperor Wu of Southern Liang, because Hou Jing had asked Emperor LiangWu to marry wang Xie and the noble daughters of the two tribes, a rebellion broke out, and in the third year of the Taiqing Dynasty (549), he led troops to attack the capital of the Liang Dynasty, Jiankang, and raised a butcher's knife to the door valve headed by Wang Xie, so that the Southern Dynasty gate valve was devastated, and the Later Southern Liang Dynasty was also destroyed. The Wang Xie and Xie clans have not risen again, and the memory of them has gradually become a talking point for people. We can pick up bits and pieces of this history from the "Guan I Shengfu" by the famous scholar Yan Zhitui of the Southern and Northern Dynasties:
The Crown Belt of the Central Plains, with the Jin Dynasty crossing the river hundred families, so Jiangdong has "Hundred Genealogies"; In the end (Hou Jing's rebellion), the capital was overthrown.
Figure 4| Hou Jing's Rebellion
In the north at that time, since the two Jin Dynasties, the Guanlong military aristocratic clique led by the Eight Pillars of Western Wei and the five surnames and seven wangs that continued from pre-Qin to Sui and Tang dynasties were also formed, most of which were founded after the Sinicization reforms of Wuhu and Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, and gradually rose.
It includes:
Longxi Li Clan Zhao County Li Clan Boling Cui Clan Qinghe Cui Clan FanYang Lu Clan Xingyang Zheng Clan Taiyuan Wang Clan and many other well-known and prestigious clans that are familiar today, flourished and declined for a thousand years, and were prominent for a while. In the early Sui and Tang dynasties, the Guanlong clique and the Shandong Shi clan led by the five surnames Qiwang balanced each other, but during the reign of Emperor Wuhou Zetian, it not only attacked the Li royal family, but because of some political factors, the Guanlong aristocratic clique was also devastated, and only the five surnames and seven wangs were left as the last glory of the door valve! Even during the time of Emperor Taizong, Gao Shilian and others compiled the "Clan Chronicle", and the first draft also compiled the Boling Cui clan as the first, and after the intervention of the imperial power, it became the Head of the Longxi Li Clan of the Tang Dynasty Imperial Family! The "Zhenguan Politicians" written during the zhenguan years of Emperor Taizong of the early Tang Dynasty recorded this incident:
Shi Lian and others and the Jinding clan ranked first, so Cui Gan was the first class.
What is even more outrageous is that as for the late Tang Dynasty, Emperor Wenzong's marriage to the imperial daughter Yu Shi was rejected, so that he issued a surprising sigh. The New Book of Tang 172 records this in detail:
At the beginning of the opening, Emperor Wenzong wanted to descend the Shi clan with The Princess Zhenyuan and the Second Princess of Linzhen, saying that the prime minister said: "The folk cultivate the marriage of the people, and they do not care about official qualities and go to the valve to read." My family's two-hundred-year-old son, can't care about Cui and Luye? ”
As can be seen above, even in the late Tang Dynasty, the door valve still attached great importance to the door, and because of the millennium heritage, it was highly respected in the society at that time. But as mentioned earlier, after Emperor Wenzong, the Huangchao Rebellion broke out only a few decades ago, sounding the death knell of the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and Zhu Wen, the largest feudal town at the end of the Tang Dynasty, also rose at that time, and later gradually usurped the power of the Tang Dynasty, because of various political considerations, at the suggestion of the strategist Li Zhen, slaughtered the Shi clan and threw himself into the Yellow River! History is known as the "Curse of the White Horse".
Because of this disaster, coupled with the maturity of the examination system, since then the door valve has completely disappeared in Chinese history, and the thousand-year-old door valve has dissipated!
Figure 5 | Guanlong nobles
Under the nest, There are complete eggs, one glory and one loss, and personal interests are often tied to the family and country.
Just as the door valve basically arose in the two Han Dynasties of great national integration and social unification. The decline and fall also began with the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: at that time, not only was the Sima royal family slaughtered, but the prestige of Wang Xie and other door valves also declined; hou Jing overthrew Wang Xie and other top door valves at the same time, but also sounded the death knell of the demise of Southern Liang! After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, the emerging regime also had no shortage of blows against the Guanlong clique, so that after the Emperor Zetian, the Guanlong nobles ceased to exist; at the same time, after the final disaster of the gate valve, the disaster of the White Horse Station, only two years later, the once-prosperous Tang Dynasty was declared dead.
Therefore, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, southern Liang, Sui and Tang Dynasties were more closely connected with the state during the heyday of the Mengmen clan.
The above is only a family's words, if there is an error, I hope you will point out in time, the copyright is still owned by the sun and the moon millennium, please indicate the source when reprinting!
bibliography:
Book of Jin. Geography (Yan Zhitui, "Guan I Shengfu"), "Zhenguan Politician", "New Tang Dynasty Book 172"