Recently, there has been a phenomenon of strong cooling on a large scale across the country, and there has even been a phenomenon of heavy snowfall in some areas, which has more or less brought some impact on the travel of citizens.
No, recently CCTV news reported a set of information about the difficulties of electric vehicle users in the north in the winter, serious endurance attenuation, slow charging, charging and not enough to power and other conditions frequently appear. However, the charging queue in the winter is called a torture, and even some users start to go out at 4 a.m. to grab the charging pile, and they have to queue for more than an hour, which is very crazy.
Similarly, the most efficient way to replenish electricity at present, the replacement of electricity, also has a situation of short supply, and it is also necessary to wait in line. For electric vehicle users in the north, what a "difficult" word to get.
Peak Valley Electricity:
In fact, some electric vehicle users will choose to go out in the early morning in order to enjoy the preferential treatment of valley electricity, because 23:00-07:00 is the time period for the implementation of valley electricity prices, and the electricity price in this period is in the optimal state, and it is normal to suddenly get together.
High parking costs:
Parking costs are also a problem, in fact, not all electric pile spaces provide free parking services, only a small number of charging stations will provide free parking or 1 hour parking service. This kind of payment of both electricity and parking fees will be listed as a second-level option by users to a large extent, and if it is not an emergency, it will not be prioritized, so it will also cause a certain burden on the charging station with free parking fees.
No fixed charging pile:
The absence of a fixed charging pile will be the most immediate problem. In fact, most tram users do not want to have a charging pile of their own, but to install a charging pile of their own, the difficulty is comparable to the lottery. Of course, this is not to say how expensive it is to buy a charging pile, and even some people buy a car for free. Mainly some of the old residential areas are defective in design and do not have the conditions for installing electric piles. However, at the same time, there are also cases that meet the installation conditions, and due to the complexity of the procedures, they are finally abandoned. In fact, what is even more heinous is that some residential properties are unwilling to take risks and directly take one-size-fits-all measures to refuse to apply.
Presumably, everyone has seen this problem and everyone has guessed the main problem - battery performance attenuation.
Yes, because the battery is inherently "afraid of cold", in fact, there is no it, just the chemical characteristics of the battery. We all know that most of the electric vehicles on the market currently use lithium-ion batteries, and the simple structure of lithium-ion batteries is probably composed of positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes, and SEI membranes.
Figure: Charging process
Then the first thing we have to understand is that the ultimate destination of lithium ions is the positive electrode, so when the lithium ions return from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, it is also the process of discharge (also when the power is exhausted), at this time, it is necessary to force it to return to the negative electrode temporary stay process, which is what we call the charging process.
Figure: Performance attenuation
Ok, the principle is probably clear, so at low temperatures the electrolyte becomes more viscous or more extremely cured, does it become more difficult for lithium ions to return to the positive pole through the electrolyte? Then the internal resistance increases, which means that the lithium ion needs to spend more effort to return to the positive electrode, and the endurance will of course be greatly reduced; secondly, there is also a lithium ion inactivated state, and the endurance that has been staying in the negative electrode will also be greatly reduced.
Figure: Slow charging/dissatisfaction
Then the problem of charging and not charging electricity is better understood, in fact, the material of the negative electrode is equally sensitive, and we may wish to treat the entrance of the negative electrode as a sieve that will be affected by thermal expansion and contraction. When the weather is cold, the hollowed out part shrinks in the cold, and it becomes more and more difficult for lithium ions to drill into this hole.
We all know that every electric vehicle has its own battery management system, and when this happens, the charging speed will be slowed down appropriately, because forcing the current to break through the predicament is likely to cause permanent inactivation of the capacitance, and obviously engineers will not let this sad thing happen.
Well a little off topic, in fact, in addition to the battery itself is actually just one of the problems, in fact, the most fundamental problem is that the domestic new energy vehicle growth rate is too fast.
According to the data given by the Federation of Passenger Vehicles, from January to November 2021, the number of new energy narrow passenger cars was 2.514 million, an increase of 178.3% year-on-year, which can be said that the growth rate of new energy vehicles is fast.
Although the charging infrastructure is indeed rapidly being strengthened, it is a bit tight in the context of the rapid growth of new energy vehicle sales. Then, in combination with the problems mentioned above, electric vehicles in winter, the short board will naturally be infinitely magnified.
Perhaps seeing this, everyone can't help but have a big question mark, why norway, which is close to the Arctic Circle, the "extreme cold zone" electric vehicle will be so popular, don't local residents look at the endurance?
In fact, we have a deep misunderstanding of Norway as a country, and it is true that it is close to the Arctic Circle, but it does not mean that they must be in the ice and snow all year round. Affected by the Atlantic Current, in fact, most of the region is still a temperate oceanic climate, the climate is very mild and humid, not the kind of perennial snow scene we think.
Secondly, Norway is sparsely populated and the penetration rate of electric piles is high, and there is rarely a shortage of electric piles. At the same time, due to the superior geographical location, rich hydraulic resources, and the construction of many hydropower stations, the cost of Norwegian electricity prices is very low, coupled with the state's support for electric vehicles is larger, the purchase of electric vehicles is far more cost-effective than fuel vehicles.