Original title: "Ru Wei's Young Son" exploration in Yi Zhou Shu Du Yi Xie
Wen | Mao Tianzhe
In the Yi zhou shu du yi xie, there are two things that are often misunderstood or ignored by scholars in the Passage of the Zhou Dynasty. First, King Wu called Shu Dan a disciple, and later the Duke of Zhou was also called the younger son (Ru Wei's younger son). Second, scholars generally understand that this is where king Wu wants to pass on the great place located in Zhou Gongdan. However, he did not know that the king of Wu wanted brothers to meet each other, and then father and son to father. The throne was first passed to the Duke of Zhou, then to King Wen's younger son Mao Shu Zheng (爯季), and then to King Cheng.
Quote the following original text:
Wang Yue: "Dan, Ru Wei Shuo Dadi, give the envoy Ru, Ru sow food not to mention the time to eat, and the room is the room." The angels of this dimension give, but the two gods give the spiritual period, and give it without rest. Yu Jin is closely pregnant with Yu Mu, Ru Wei's youngest son, and has a great knowledge. The ancestors of the past emperors are in the present, and they have been left behind, and they have been paid for the surrender of righteousness, and they are like peasants serving the fields, hungry for gain. If there is no manifestation, the emperor and the ancestor shall not be high in God. Ru's young son Geng's heart, Shu Nai came to Ban Yuan's great ring. He is pregnant with his wife. Virtue cannot be chased from above, nor can the people be answered from below. Shuo Bubin is in Gaozu, Wei Tian bu Jia, Yu Descending Province. Ruqi can be confused in this, but now my brother is the queen. I am a turtle, and now I use Jianshu to build it. "
Statue of King Wu of Zhou - painted by Ming Ren
When King Wu destroyed the Shang, he died at the age of forty-nine, and died at the age of fifty-four in the next six years (this is the conclusion of Mao Tianzhe's research). Although there are still different debates in the mathematical circles during his reign, the fifty-fourth life of King Wu is basically the consensus of scholars.
The history of Zhou Gongdan's life expectancy is not clearly recorded, but the "Bamboo Book" records that In the twenty-first year of The King of Chengwang, Zhou Wen Gongxue was born in Feng. When Zhou Gongdan died, king Wu would be seventy-five years old if he were still alive. Based on this, it can be roughly speculated that the age difference between Zhou Gongdan and King Wu is about 6 to 10 years old.
According to the literature, King Wen reigned for fifteen years and was born to King Wu, and was imprisoned by King Shang for seven years during his reign of king Shang. In this way, counting that the reproductive age of Wang Taiyi was only 18 years, it is obvious that the historical record that there were ten mothers and brothers of King Wu is not reliable. Even if you have children every two years, you can't be a son every time, right?
King Wen of Zhou
It used to be said that King Wu was older than Zhou Gongdan, so the saying that King Wen of Zhou and Tai Ji had ten concubines was even more untestable. Judging from the texts handed down from generations and the examination of the bronze inscriptions unearthed in later generations, the mother and brother of King Wu of Zhou only had three ears: Zhou Gongdan, Kang Shufeng, and Mao Shu Zheng (Ran Jizai).
Shu Dan was ten years old even if he was ten years old, and he would not be called a young son by King Wu. This young son should have another saying. "Dadi", the predecessor is mostly interpreted as the brother of Mingda. Ran Zhe thought that here it was obvious that the Duke of Zhou was the eldest brother of King Wu's concubine. Wang Yue: "Dan, Ru Wei Shuo Dadi, give the envoy Ru, Ru sow food not to mention the time to eat, and the room is the room." King Wu meant that the two brothers worked together, especially Zhou Gongdan's assistance in "sowing food without giving time to eat", which preserved the status of Tai Ji and his son as the concubine of King Wen. King Wu's conversation is based on the family, so he directly calls Shu Dan the eldest brother.
In fact, among prince Wen's heirs, there were Guan Shu and Zhao Gongyi who ranked before Shu Dan, and even Bi Gong may be older than Zhou Gong. But none of them were born of a tai chi. The Zhou people are divided into families with different mothers and concubines. Therefore, when King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang Ping tianxia, Shu Dan, Shu Feng, and Shu Ji (Shu Zheng), who were also the mother and brother of King Wu, had a higher status than that of Shu Zi, the Prince of Wen.
Too ji godson
Ran Jizai was the younger son of King Wen, so King Wu said that he "recently thought that among the members of our family, only Ru (ShuDan) and the younger son (Ran Jizai) have great wisdom." "It is thought that successive brothers to the throne are the best choice. Tell the Duke of Zhou, "Ru, the youngest son Gengjie Heart, Shu Nai came to Ban Shuo Dahuan." "
Most of the thrones of the Shang Dynasty passed to younger brothers, and finally from the youngest brother to the eldest brother's eldest son, or to his own son. King Wu knew that his fate was not long ago, and he also knew that King Cheng was still young and could not bear the great responsibility, so he had the intention of plotting to pass on the society to his mother and brothers Shu Dan and Ran Ji, which was in line with the yin merchant succession system.
The inheritance system refers to the inheritance of the father's property and social status by the youngest son, which is an inherent custom and system in ancient and modern times. In the early days of the patrilineal clan system in primitive societies, the younger son inheritance system was adopted. The right of inheritance of the youngest son refers to the inheritance of the father's property and social status by the youngest son.
The inheritance right of the younger son is mostly due to the fact that the sons have separated and established another family after they are older, and the parents are usually supported by the young son, so the young son enjoys more property inheritance rights; in some areas, due to the influence of the remnants of group marriage, the sexual life of men and women before marriage is relatively free, in order to ensure the inheritance relationship of the direct blood relatives of the patrilineal line, thus establishing the inheritance right mainly for the young son.
Zhou Gongdan
Chinese historical records record that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the youngest son of the State of Chu was inherited; the State of Qin passed the throne to the second or youngest son. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, some areas of China's ethnic minorities retained the inheritance rights of their young sons to varying degrees. In modern times, some tribes in India and Burma, alaskans in the Bering Strait, And Bagandas and British in Africa, still practice this custom.
Ran Jizai, as the younger son of King Wen, is rare in historical materials. Even Sima Qian couldn't figure out who his descendants were, and in "Guan Cai Shijia", he sighed and said, "Ran Jizai, his future generations have nothing to see." Sima Qian's perfunctory method of historical records not only harmed the Mao clan, but also influenced the correct understanding of the history of the Zhou Dynasty by future generations of scholars.
Ran Ji, the youngest son of King Wen of Wen, was the ancestor of the Mao clan, Zheng Gong
Uncle Mao Zheng, found only in the "History of Zhou Benji" and "Yi Zhou Shu Ke Yin Xie", the records are basically the same, both say that at the Great Ceremony of the Mandate of Heaven Revolution held after king Ke Shang of Wu, "Uncle Mao Zheng FengMing Shui." "The ceremony has a sacrifice to god, and there are four people who cooperate with the sacrifice of king Wu.
The first is "Uncle Mao Zheng Fengming Water", Uncle Mao Zheng holds clear water. "Uncle Wei Kang Fu Buzi", Buzi is the straw mat, and Uncle Wei Kang holds the straw mat. "Summoning gong yi Zancai", Zancai is the ancient sacrifice of courtiers to help the monarch hold coins and other sacrifices. "Shi Shang's father leads the animal" means that King Wu's father-in-law, Shi Shang's father-in-law, Jiang Taigong, leads a cow.
There is a sacrifice of God in the ceremony of king Wu Keshang, and there are four people who cooperate with the sacrifice of king Wu.
We may not quite understand today why historians record the details of these sacrifices, who carried water, who took the straw mat, who held the coin, who led the ox. Why are details so important? Because it embodies the status of the participants.
Zuo Chuan said: "The great affairs of the country are in the worship and rong." In that era, a person's status was determined by "祀" and "Rong", and was also marked by "祀" and "Rong".
Among the four people who assisted the sacrifice, Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang, these two were the brothers of King Wu's half-father and mother, Zhao Gongyi was the half-brother of King Wu of Zhou, and the three of them were related by blood to King Wu of Zhou, and only Shi Shang's father was not a blood relative. However, Shi Shang's father was the first meritorious servant of the merchants and the father-in-law of King Wu of Zhou, so he was the last. Although Zhao Gongyi was older than Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang, because he was the brother of King Wu, he could only rank third in patriarchy. Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang were also the younger brothers of the King of Wu, but the Zhou people valued the younger son, believing that the young son was the last keeper of the family country. Therefore, although Uncle Wei Kang was older, he was subordinated to Uncle Mao Zheng, and it was obvious that Uncle Mao Zheng was Ran Ji, the younger son of King Wen.
Uncle Mao Zheng (爯季) lived in Tai Di Yi Ting when he was young
"Uncle Mao Zheng Fengming Shui" is not a simple errand. Ming Shui, generally commented by old scholars as pure water used in ancient sacrifices. "Zhou Li Qiu Guan, Si Xuan": "Take the bright water from the moon with the iron." Sun Yao asked for justice: "Stealing the water is to use the iron to reveal it." In fact, there is another layer of deep meaning, the sun and the moon are bright, and in ancient times, the sun and the moon were mostly called Fuxi God. Bright water, the water of destiny also. Take the dew in the sun and the moon with the iron bearing, and take the meaning here.
The younger son of King Wen is really named Ji, the history book is written by Ran Jizai, and the left biography is written as Ji Ji, many mistakes, and the correct writing method should be Ji Ji. For example, King Wen's father, Ji Li, was also the youngest son of King Tai, and he had never seen such a title as "Calendar Season".
爯, from 爫 from Ran. Ran, bonfire, the original meaning is "holding a bonfire". The meaning is the same as that of "young son keeping the stove". 聃, 載, and 爯字同意, is the evolution of 爯字. From the name of the grass, it becomes the title of weighing. The word 聃從舟從冉 refers to the boat transporting wood to the campfire. The character is also similar, meaning that the wood transported by car is accumulated on the campfire. There is a sense of composure, so Xu Shen releases the ear to the cheek. Weighing, weighing, its meaning is also one. It is commonly said that the vehicle has a bucket capacity. The Spring and Autumn people did not know, so the youngest son of King Wen was named Nie Ji. The descendants of the Warring States did not know, so they evolved into Ran Jizai.
Different ways of writing in the Golden Text
Three years after King Keshang of Zhou Wu, he first hunted Fang Yue and feng Feng Kang shu Yu Yu Yi. The following year, at the Songshan Sacrifice Heaven, it was King Wen's younger son, King Wu's mother's brother Nie Ji (Mao Shu Zheng), who accompanied King Wu to the Song Mountain Sacrifice, and saw the death of The Heavenly Death (also known as Mao Gong Ji Gui). After the sacrifice of heaven, King Wu enfeoffed his younger brother Junji as Zheng Bo (郑伯), the high priest, and was initially sealed in the ancient Xingyang Cambodian land.
Because he was the youngest uncle of King Cheng, Qiu Ji (also called congregation here) was also called Shu Zheng. Ji Ji and his mother Tai Ji lived in Jingzong Yi 's City of Tai (邰城), and was also known as Uncle Mao Zheng (毛叔郑) because his second son Zhongxu's father was Mao.
Uncle Mao Zheng (Ran Ji), as the youngest son of King Wen Taiji, was not only favored by King Wen (in the new see Ofe, King Wen ji claimed that his father King Wen would follow the auspicious words of King Wen's father and daughter, put them on me, and read: Oh, no disasters and no difficulties. King Wen's love for his young son during his lifetime can be seen. Tai Ji is also very pampered. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, the Mao Uncle Zheng family was sealed in the Western Tuqi and was not sealed in the Eastern Kingdom. Why? Tai Ji was afraid that Uncle Mao Zheng and his heirs would be put in danger. The feudalism of the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty is not like the later feudalism, which is armed colonization, and people will die if they are not good.
Jin Wenran is half a point is a Mao character
King Wu of Zhou also favored Nie Ji. The inscription of the Heavenly Death Seal records that after the Wu King SongShan Sacrifice, no one else was knighted, except for Nie Ji, who was toasted by the Wu King and was given the title of Zheng Bo. Nie Ji recorded this incident in the inscription, and the triumphant feeling could still be experienced after reading it three thousand years later.
Zhou Gongdan also favored Mao Uncle Zheng (Ran Ji), and in the Zhou Gongdong Expedition Fang Ding, the inscription records that Ran Ji accompanied the Zhou Gong on his expedition to conquer Dongyi Baibai and Bogu, and returned victoriously, and the Zhou Gong held a zen sacrifice at the Zhou Temple. On the day of Pengchen, everyone drank the Qin wine of Qin Real Estate to celebrate the victory of the Eastern Expedition, and on that day, Zhou Gong rewarded Zaibei Baipeng. The weight of the reward is rare in the surviving vessel. Jin Wen often used the shell as a reward, the highest amount was 100 friends, and only appeared four times. This Ding remembers that Zhou Gongdan gave his younger brother Nie Ji (Mao Shu Ji) as many as a hundred friends, which shows great love.
Zhou Gongdong expedition fangding
Uncle Mao Zheng (Ran Ji) was a very intelligent person, and Zhou Gongju was both Situ and Sikong. Situ Sikong is all technical work. Sikong is equivalent to the minister of construction, and the royal mausoleums, temples are built, and Yi ware is cast and inscribed on Yi ware.
At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, there were many characters, most of which were written by Uncle Mao Zheng (Ran Ji). For example, the Mao character that only existed at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty was specially created by Shu Zheng for the second son of the Pai clan, and there was no Mao character in the Yin Shang period. Therefore, it is not surprising that King Wu of Zhou claimed that Zhou Gongdan and King Wen's younger son, Mao's uncle Zheng (Ran Ji), had great wisdom.
Zhou Shuwu explained: "Only two out of ten in April, the king dreamed." Bing Chen, out of the Golden Branch Suburb Bao Kai and The Detailed Book, the posthumous title of Zhou Gongdan is the heir, belonging to the Zi Zi Zi And The Treasure Code." The Twelfth Emperor of King Wen is the eleventh year of King Wu. It can be seen that King Wu had already established himself as the son of the world a year before the destruction of Shang. It was only when King Wu was seriously ill that King Cheng was only eleven years old. King Wu of Zhou was afraid that King Cheng would not be able to take on the heavy responsibility of the king, so he wanted to pass on the brothers to King Cheng later. If you don't have this thought, why should you involve saying that Zhou Gongdan and Uncle Mao Zheng (Ran Ji) have successively "come to ban the great ring".
Heavenly Death (also known as Mao Gong Ji Gui)
Zhou Gongdan was able to not know the mind of King Wu. However, Zhou Gongdan felt that the system of Yin Shang's brother and nephew was not good, and he was willing to wholeheartedly assist King Cheng to succeed to the throne. In fact, as the mother and brother of the Wu Emperor, Zhou Gongdan, Kang Shufeng, and Mao Uncle Zheng (Ran Ji) were concerned, the brother won the world, and he would assist him wholeheartedly and selflessly, even if he was like Guan Cai Chenghuo, because he was not born of the same mother and had different hearts.
Because of the chaos in charge of Cai Qiyin, after the chaos of Zhou Ping's three prisons, he paid more attention to the distinction between concubines. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, the Great Division seal was not only to fence Zhou Ping, but also to keep the fifth uncle away from the center of power of the Zhou royal family. When he became king, the Duke of Zhou also named Uncle Kang as Si Kou and Nie Ji (Mao Shu Zheng) as Sikong, "The fifth uncle has no official, and he is still young." "It's just different.
Mao's son Tianzhe wrote in Jinhua, Zhejiang
June 6, 2019
(*The pictures in this article are from the Internet)
<h1>Author: Mao Tianzhe, focusing on the study of pre-Qin history and Mao culture. This article originated from today's headlines, think the article is good, please pay attention to it, follow-up articles will continue to update. </h1>