<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Mao Yi Gongkao of the Bamboo Book Chronicle</h1>
Text/Mao Tianzhe
Mao Yigong is only found in the present Bamboo Book Chronicle. Book: "The Twelve Years of King Kang,... Autumn, Mao Yi Gong Xue. Xu Wenjing's "Bamboo Book Tongzhi" said: "Zhou Shuke Yin Xie Wu Wang entered the business, and Mao Uncle Zheng Fengmingshui, that is, Mao Yigongye." "Yan Mao Yigong and Mao Uncle Zheng are one.
Uncle Mao Zheng, there are only two in the classics, one in the "History of Zhou Benji" and the other in the "Yi Zhou Shu Ke Yin Xie". The records are basically the same, and they all say that "Uncle Mao Zheng Fengming Shui" was held at the Ceremony of The Emperor Of Heavenly Ming's Order, which was held after King Keshang of Zhou Wu.
Yin Flint, also known as FangZhu, is roughly this thing that Uncle Mao Zheng holds
There is a sacrificial god link in the ceremony, and there are four people who cooperate with the sacrifice of the King of Wu, one is "Uncle Mao Zheng Fengming Water", and Uncle Mao Zheng holds the Ming Water of Fangzhu (to learn from the water of the Bright Moon, representing the Mandate of Heaven). "Uncle Wei Kang Fu Buzi", Buzi is the straw mat, and Uncle Wei Kang holds the straw mat. "Summoning gong yi Zancai", Zancai is the ancient sacrifice of courtiers to help the monarch hold coins and other sacrifices. "Shi Shang Father Leads the Animal", Shi Shang Father Jiang Taigong leads a cow.
Today we may not quite understand why historians recorded the details of these sacrifices, who carried the water, who carried the straw mat, who held the coin, who led the ox. Why are details so important? Because it embodies the status of the participants.
Zuo Chuan said: "The great affairs of the country are in the worship and rong." In that era, a person's status was determined by "祀" and "Rong", and was also marked by "祀" and "Rong".
Left biography
Among the four people who assisted in the sacrifice, Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang, these two were the brothers of King Wu's half-father and mother, Zhao Gongyi was the half-brother of King Wu, and the three were related by blood to King Wu of Zhou, and only Shi Shang's father was not a blood relative. However, Shi Shang's father was the first meritorious servant of the merchants and the father-in-law of King Wu of Zhou, so he was the last.
Although Zhao Gongyi was older than Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang, because he was the brother of King Wu, he could only rank third in patriarchy. Uncle Mao Zheng and Uncle Wei Kang were also the younger brothers of the King of Wu, but the Zhou people valued their youngest sons, believing that the younger sons were the last guardians of the homeland. Therefore, although Uncle Wei Kang was older, he was subordinated to Uncle Mao Zheng, and it was obvious that Uncle Mao Zheng was Ran Ji, the younger son of King Wen.
Wang Guowei's evaluation of Shang Shu Gu Ming
Zhe Shang Shu Gu Ordered to Take the Examination, known as the King's Orphan Minister, Gu Mingzhi Mao Gong was the father of Mao's uncle Zheng's second son Zhongxu, and took the position of Sikong to the Third Duke's Taishi. Then the twelfth year of King Kang may not be Mao Uncle Zheng, or Mao Gong who cares for his fate.
He also quoted Ban Gui, Deng Gui (should be interpreted as 隥簋), and Shi Mao Father Gui Three Instrument Inscriptions, proving that Gu Ming Mao's public name 隥, the word "Father" in the word. King Cheng was appointed as a taishi for thirty-one years. It can be countered that Uncle Mao Zheng should have died before becoming king.
In the Ban Gui Ming, Mao Ban has not only engraved his father's name, but also his ancestral name is also clearly revealed. In the sentence "Yuwen Wang Ji Shengsun Yu Dafu", most of the scholars (including myself) read the "Shengsun" and interpreted it as a deng, thinking that it was ascending to the position of dafu. Ranwen Wang Ji Sheng sun duoyi, Mao Ban shu father zu xun gong to carve Yi, should have had a real meaning, the word "隥" after the saint should be interpreted as a personal name.
Deng Gui (Deng Gui) was excavated in 2007 at the site of Liangdai Village in Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, which scholars agree is the Rui Kingdom that migrated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was excavated from the M586 cemetery.
隥簋明: "Emperor Lai Hou / Closed Shuo Mao Father Use / Xin Qi, Sui Cha (Zuo) as / Treasure, used (Enjoy) by its Emperor / Wen and (Zu) Kao, its Ten Thousand / Nian YongBao / Children and Grandchildren to use." "
The inscription of The Sui Inscription is expanded
The inscription has the word "Father Mao". According to Zhe's research, "Father Mao" is the honorific title of King Cheng of Zhou to Mao's uncle Zheng, see Ban Guiming. More than 10,000 copper inscriptions have been excavated, and "Mao Father" is only found in Ban Gui, Shi Mao Father Gui and Jing Gui. In this gui, the word 隥 is written in reverse. See the inscription in which it is clearly legible. The metastructure of the inscription is from the step to the sound, which is not a character. It is the same as the word 隥 in the Ban Gui.
The first sentence of the inscription is more difficult to understand, and Zhe explains it in vernacular: 迺, Naiye. Closed, closed, closed also. Sacrifice with a sin, sacrifice with a cow. This sentence means that my grandfather Emperor Liehou, whose name is "body", and my father "Father Mao" jointly sacrificed with a cow.
There is a difference between the ancient sacrifices and the animals that are too tight and the few prisons. "Li Ji Suburb Special Animal" Yun: "The animal uses a donkey, Shang Chi Ye." "To sacrifice with a red ox, that is, to sacrifice with a red ox, is to say that it is too firm. Tai Prison is used for solemn sacrifices. According to the ancient ritual regulations, generally only the Son of Heaven and the princes can use the big prison, indicating that the status of the emperor and the "father of Mao" is quite high. Zhe believed that Mao's father was Zhongxu's father, Mao Shu Zheng, and Emperor Liehou Gai was Zhongxu's father's brother Rui Boye. He is the nephew of Zhongxu's father. This is a ceremonial vessel made by Zhongxu's father (隥) for his nephew's grandson to sacrifice to his great-grandfather.
Rui Bo was the eldest son of his uncle Zheng, and was enfeoffed in Qianyang as the Marquis of Rui. King Zuocheng was a secretary of state, and was called Rui Bo. Shang Shu Gu Fate of Reeb is also. The book says that Rui Bo took the post of Situ and the Taibao summoned the public to declare the will of King Kang, and the high status can be seen.
Zhou Shubi's life is the word of the king's fate
Let's look at a passage in the Shang Shu Gu Ming: Tai Bao Yi "ordered Zhonghuan, Nangong Mao, Qihou Lü Ling, with Ergan Ge and Hu Ben Hundred Contrarian Zi Zhao outside the South Gate." For thousands of years, most people have read this passage as "Zhonghuan, Nangong Mao, and Lü Hou", but in fact, there are four characters in this passage, namely "Zhonghuan, Nangong, Mao, and Qihou Lüling".
Among them, "Mao Qi", Zhe thought was Mao Shuang (燛), the father of Mao Ban in Ban Gui Ming, the son of Gu Ming Mao Gong. Here Nangong is the youngest son of Ran Ji (Mao Shuzhen). It can be seen that King Cheng's Gu Mingtuo mainly relied on the Kang Shu family, the Ran Ji (Mao Shu Zhen) family, the Zhao family, the Qi Taigong family, the Bi Gong family, etc., especially the Ran Ji (Mao Shu Zhen) family.
Uncle Mao's eldest son Rui Bo (芮伯) served as Situ, and his second son, Mao Gong (毛公), served as Sikong (司空), and was made the second chancellor. The youngest son Nangong and grandson Mao Bi (燛), together with Duke Bi's son Zhongheng and Taigong Wang's son Marquis Lü Of qi, were represented to welcome King Kang to the throne. This glory and status is unmatched by ordinary people, and it is also determined by the status of Mao Shuzhen (Ran Ji, the youngest son of King Wen Taijie) and the meritorious service established by Shi Mao's father (Zhongxu's father) (three years of Jingdongguo).
From this analysis, it can be seen that the three sons of Ran Ji (Mao Shuzhen) split the land into Mao, Rui, and Nangong clans during the Chengwang dynasty. Although Mao's uncle Zheng was no longer alive at the time of King Cheng's death, his descendants (Taishi Mao Gong and Sikong, Situ Ruibo, and his younger son Nangong, and Grandson Mao Shuang, who was in the position of Taizheng at the time of Cheng Kang), had always been the most relied upon chancellor during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou.
Bamboo Book Chronicle Book Shadow
Since it is impossible for Mao Uncle Zheng to be alive at the time of King Kang, it is doubtful whether Mao Yigong in this "Bamboo Book" refers to Uncle Mao Zheng. In the past, Zhe deduced that he was either the Mao Gong of Gu Feng, that is, the title of The Father of Shu Zheng's second son. However, the non-Venerables do not receive the title. According to the Book of Examination bamboo, the only people who had the title of Emperor At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty were Shi Shangfu (Qi Taigong), Zhou Gongdan (Zhou Wengong), and Zhao Gongyi (Zhao Mugong). Uncle Kang was given no title (or lack of load), Duke Lu was not honored, and Prince Junchen of Zhou was also unseemly. King Wen's younger son Zheng Shang did not see the title, so his son Mao Gong had a title recorded in dianhu? So far, I have doubts and dare not be sure.
In the current "Bamboo Book Chronicle" under the twelfth year of King Kang, in addition to recording the affairs of Mao Yigong Xue, in the same year, it is also recorded that "(King Kang) in the twelfth summer and June of Nongshen, Wang Rufeng, Xi Qigong ordered." "Zhe Yin proved that the Shang Shu "Bi Feng" was a statement of the King's command, which happened in the twelfth year of the reign of King Cheng (1025 BC). If so, it is suspected that in the same Jane's "Autumn, Mao Yi Gong Xue", Gai may also be at risk of error, but there is no other evidence to support it.
Qing Dynasty Ancient and Modern Book Integration
Recently, in my spare time, I flipped through the "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books", and in its "Minglun Compilation Official Changdian Sect Clan No. 5", there is a record of "Mao Yi Gongxue in the Twelfth Year of Becoming a King, According to the Bamboo Book Chronicle Yunyun", which contains a completely different copy from the "Bamboo Book" that has been circulated today.
Ancient and modern book integration, formerly known as "Compilation of Literature" or "Compilation of Ancient and Modern Books", is a large-scale book compiled by the third son of the Kangxi Emperor, Yin Zhi, on the orders of Kangxi and Chen Menglei, the Kangxi Emperor gave the title of the book, the Yongzheng Emperor wrote the preface, the "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" was named "King Ding", began in the forty years of Kangxi (1701), printed and completed in the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), lasted two dynasties and twenty-eight years, collected extensively, rich in content, 10,000 volumes of the main text, 40 volumes of the catalog, a total of 5020 volumes, 520 letters, more than 420,000 tube sub-pages, 160 million words, the content is divided into 6 compilations, 32 classics, 6117 parts.
Known as the "Ancient Encyclopedia", the "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" is listed together with the Yongle Canon and the Siku Quanshu as the three royal masterpieces of ancient China. Less than 4% of the Yongle Canon is now extant due to the destruction of the Eight-Nation Alliance of the Qing Dynasty; due to the influence of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of books have been listed as banned books, destroyed and deleted, so the collection of books is incomplete, and there are many errors and omissions. The "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books", which was written earlier, includes the classics that are not included or not included in the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book", as well as the laws and fangzhi issued by Kangxi in his later years.
Ming Yongle Canon
The "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" has a well-preserved Yongzheng Edition of the Inner House Copper Movable Type, which has become the largest and most complete preserved book in existence. Zhe believes that the compilers of the Ancient and Modern Book Integration must have seen the inner house collection that is more perfect than the modern "Bamboo Book Chronicle". Moreover, his record of Mao Yigongxue in the twelfth year of King Cheng was coupled with the conclusion that Zhe Kaoding Shangshu was written in the twelfth year of King Cheng's reign. I have to make Zhe firmly believe that there is a possibility that the current "Bamboo Book" is mistakenly attributed to the year of the king.
As recorded in the present "Bamboo Book", "King Kang's sixth year Qi Taigong Xue". In the past, Zhe had suspected that Prince Yi of Qi had met King Wen at an advanced age, and could not survive in the Kang Dynasty. Moreover, in the first year of the reign of Prince Cheng (eight years after the succession to the throne), there was a matter of "ordering Marquis Lu to be the father of Qi Hou and Qian shu Yin Yu Lu", then Shi Shang's father was covered in the sixth year of King Cheng, which was more reasonable. Why do former Confucian and post-Confucian scholars all rely on the "Bamboo Book" to mistakenly follow the year of the king, and the life of The Prince of Tuiqi is as high as 130 years old?
Xu Wenjing (1667–1756)
Xu Wenjing's "Bamboo Book Unified Notes" Gong Wang's "Nine Years of Spring and First Moon Ding Hai King Made Nei Shi Liang Xi Mao Bo Move His Life", and its note cites "Bamboo Book Kang King Nineteen Years Mao Yi Gong Xue", which is completely inconsistent with the words contained in the current "Bamboo Book", or xu Wenjing has something else to see?
Zhe believes that "King Kang's nineteenth year Mao Yi Gongxue" and "Kang King's twelfth year Mao Yi Gongxue" are the same thing, both refer to the twelve years of the reign of the prince. In the year of the King of Cheng, because of the seven years of the regency of the Duke of Zhou, there are different versions of the official records of history that have been passed down to later generations.
For example, the Shang Shu Bi Feng, according to its calendar day, is in 1025 BC, which is the twelfth year of the reign of King Cheng, and the nineteenth year of King Cheng's succession. The historical record, in the first era of the reign of the prince, records that "there are only ten years and two years, june geng noon, and the sun." Yue SanRi Nongshen, the dynasty steps from Zong Zhou, as for Feng. In order to become a crowd of people, he was ordered to protect the eastern suburbs of The Gong Baoli. "
Zhe has verified that king Keshang of Zhou wu died on April 11, 1050 BC (the first day of the first month of march in the Summer calendar), and his reign collapsed for six years, then 1044 BC (Ding Younian) was the year of the death of King Wu, and the following year King Cheng succeeded to the throne, Wu Geng rebelled, and the regent of the Duke of Zhou lasted for seven years. In 1037 BC, he rebelled against King Cheng, and the following year (1036 BC) was the first year of King Cheng's reign. Later historians sorted out the seven years of the regency of the Duke of Zhou into the year of King Cheng, and then Shang Shu was killed in the nineteenth year of King Cheng.
Today's "Bamboo Book" says: "Nineteen years after becoming a king, he deposed the Marquis of Feng." "The twelfth year of The reign of Prince Cheng was exactly the year before Jun ChenXue and the same year as the Marquis of Fengfeng. This is highly consistent with the content of "Bi Feng", which can be said to be seamless docking. And it can be concluded that while King Cheng was ordering bi gong, he did have the possibility of making the policy book "Feng Punishment". Liu Xin's "Bi Feng Feng Punishment" records that it is not empty, and the ancients remember that they are not deceived.
It can be seen that this "Bamboo Book" contains: "The Twelfth Year of King Kang, Autumn, and Mao Yi gongxue" is a historical official record, which is recorded as the twelfth year of the prince's reign. However, the "Bamboo Book" was mistakenly attributed to the twelfth year of King Kang.
Ban Gui - Western Qing Dynasty Ancient Classics
On August 13, 1026 BC, the eleventh year of the reign of King Cheng (the eighteenth year of King Cheng's succession), the third day of the first month of Zhou Zheng (Xia Zheng Yi Di Nian) was the third day of the first month of Zhou Zheng.com. On that day, King Cheng of Zhou ordered Ran Ji (Mao Shu Zheng), the younger son of King Wen of Zhou (旄父;
Mao's uncle Zheng or his son Mao Gong went out on a campaign, so it is often seen in the Ban Gui ming that The king was angry with the order, "Wang Ling Wu Bai (Bo) knows: Yi Nai Shi Zuo Bi Mao Father; Wang Ling Lü Bai (Bo) Knows: Yi Nai Shi Right Than Mao Father." The former commander of the Zhou Division, Gong qi of Yucheng, also earnestly admonished Mao Gong, "The Yinai clan marches from the father, and the city (sincerely) defends the father's body." "There is no second in such records in the excavated copper inscriptions. It is "Father Mao" in the Zhiming, which is king Cheng's honorific title for Mao Gong's father, Mao Uncle Zheng.
Uncle Mao Zheng should have died in the autumn of the following year, and Ban Guiming remembered in detail his ancestor Mao Gongxun and the three years of Jingdong state affairs, or did not remember the death of his emperor Mao Uncle Zheng, but it can also be seen from the words and lines that when he cast the vessel, Mao Ban Emperor (Mao Uncle Zheng) Gai had undoubtedly died.
The Western Zhou Yiming calligraphy has its own rules, and whenever the matter of the former king is traced, the style of "only Wang Mou Nian" does not appear in its chronology text, which is to consider the temporal and spatial relationship between the previous king and the king of the time. Therefore, Ban Guiming is a retrospective of the state affairs of Jingdong in the three years when Mao Gong became king, and its casting should be undoubtedly in the Kang Dynasty.
In the past, Zheyin was confined to the present "Bamboo Book" to record the twelfth year of King Kang's Mao Yi Gongxue, and mistakenly believed that Mao Yigong was the Mao Gong (Zhongxu Father) who took care of his fate. Therefore, the lower limit of the casting of Ban Gui should be read twelve years before King Kang, and it is further inferred that Mao Ban's father died before Mao Yigong. Now that it has been verified that Mao Yigong is Mao's uncle Zheng Yu, the above conclusion needs to be redefined.
Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Ancient Records"
In the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Ancient Records", there is Gong Bo Yi ming: "A # As Emperor Zu Yi Gong Wen Gong Wu Bo Emperor Kao Gong Bo Zun Yi." A# Its bustling years are boundless, and the sun is finally beginning. His children and grandchildren, Yongbao, used to enjoy the clan room. Lü Da Lin's "Archaeological Map" is also included, and its interpretation of the cloud is: "Sacrifice and the fourth dynasty, the doctor of the ancients only stops the three temples, and the sacrifice must be with the ancestors." Wu Bo Gong Bo, whose ancestors were the Masters, used the words of The Emperor, such as Wen Zhong Mu Bo and the like. Yi Gongwen Gong, who was once a prince. The Grand Master's Ancestor Princes, the Tyrant of the Last Age. "Looking at it now, Lu Da Lin's words may not be in the middle.
Zhe thought that this Yi Gong, Uncle Mao Zheng Was also a man. Wen Gongren , Shang Shu Gu Fate of mao Gong Yu also. Wu Bo Gong Bo, also known as the Fen Clan. The feudal faction of the Zhou Dynasty, those who have obtained the clan are called Bo, not limited to the elder and the young. For example, Uncle Zheng's second son Zhongxu's father inherited the title of Great Ancestor and was called Mao Bo. Zhou Gongdan Shuzi was divided into Fan, Jiang, Punishment, Mao, Qiu, and Sacrifice, and was also called Bo and Gong respectively.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Ying Hou Shang sacrificed Tony Wu (see Ying Hou Ding), and Wei Kuo also "dared to tell Emperor Zu Wen Wang, Liezu Kang Uncle, and Wen Zu XiangGong." (See Zuo Chuan , Duke Ai' second year) Not to mention the feudal divisions at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, within the fifth dynasty, all of them were relatives. Respect the ancestors, filial piety and perseverance. The so-called "princes do not dare to ancestors of heavenly sons, and doctors do not dare to ancestor princes", which is the later Generations of Confucian Miao Tanye.
Gong Bo Yiming "A#" character, pronounced Zheng by Zhe, is based on the emperor's uncle Zheng Zi as his clan. The original father, Ouyang Xiu, used Gong Boyi and Mao Bo Gu Dun Ming to deduce that "Zheng" in the "Mao Bo Gu Dun Ming" was Mao Uncle Zheng who was feng Ming Shui when he was the King of Wu, which was also wrong. Just as Mao's uncle Zheng's three sons were all split into rui, Mao, and Nangong clans, because Mao Wengong was the great lord of the Jingdong kingdom in the third year, his sons and grandsons were also subject to the Tufeng clan, which was called Wu Bo and Gong Bo. Mao Ban's father Shuang or Wu Bo's brothers, Gong Bo is the same generation as Mao Ban. To Gong Bo's son, because of his meritorious service as Wuyi, he was blessed with Wuyi, and was subject to the Tu you clan, with the emperor's uncle Zheng Zi as his clan, and was the ancestor of the Zheng clan in later generations. Zheng is from Mao, and the cover comes from this.
At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, due to the feudal granting of the Tupai clan by the King of Chengwang and the Duke of Zhou, the division of the clan was complicated. The changeable titles of the characters and the incomprehension of the blood relatives are not only difficult for the ancients to examine, but also for today's scholars. Mao's uncle Zheng family was the prominent position of the youngest son of King Wen's concubine, coupled with the great merits of Mao Gong's three years of Jingdong to lay the foundation of the rule of Kang, and his son, his grandson, was successively accepted by the Zhou royal family, so the historical relics of the Mao clan in the Western Zhou Dynasty are looming in the classics, not obvious, but in fact, they are brilliant. It seems contradictory, but in fact it is not contradictory. It is no wonder that Sima Qian wrote the history of the family and sighed, and there was no way to see ran Ji, the youngest son of King Wen, so the Que family said.
Since 2003, Zhe has made two weeks of Mao's ancestor examination, tracing the historical relics of the ancestors in the classic Yi Ming, the gusten must be more than a little bit, the grate pearl jade is in the sludge, and the poor Fenglin is in biluo, in order to discern the essence of the core, restore the lineage of the ancestors, and work tirelessly, as for now, it has accumulated more than 20 years.
It's finally a foregone conclusion. Uncle Mao Zheng, the younger brother of King Wen and Tai Ji, and the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. The original name was 爯, and it was called Ji Qi (季爯), the ancient Chen Cang of The Emperor Wen's food. The ancient text contains the same character, and the classics are therefore written as Ji Zai, which is also derived from Ran Ji Zai or simply Ran Ji. Four years after King Keshang of Zhou, he accompanied his brother Songshan as a priest to worship the heavens, and king Wu was knighted as Zheng Bo (see Heavenly Death), so the emperor also called him Shu Zheng. Fengmu Taiji lived in Taidi (Fengyi). When he became king, he took Taicheng as the Zong Zhou and Haojing as the Zhou. Therefore, Ban Ming called the place where the emperor (uncle Zheng) was "entrusted by Emperor Jingzong". He had three sons, namely Rui Bo, Mao Gong, and Nan Gong (Nangong Clan Ancestor).
Xu Wenjing notes that Mao Yigong was Mao's uncle Zheng of Fengmingshui when he was king of Wu, and this theory is correct. Only now in the "Bamboo Book" contains that the year of the king of Mao Yigongxue is wrong, and it is actually the twelfth year of the reign of the prince. This cover is for Western Jin Scholars to sort out the bamboo book mistakenly in the year of the king, or the "Kizuka Bamboo Book" after the loss of the recorder copied the wrong system caused by the error. Now that it is clear, it is known to scholars and sects in this world and even in the future.
Mao's son Tianzhe was in Jinhua, Zhejiang
Written on July 30, 2020
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