First of all, in terms of age, Qianlong lived for 88 years and successfully survived his son almost
Although Kangxi and Qianlong both reigned for more than 60 years, but the effect is not the same, Kangxi ascended the throne at the age of eight, reigned for sixty-one years, actually lived for 68 years, is a relatively normal old age, Kangxi in his later years, it is the sons of thirty or forty years old, and each prince has a certain strength, the sons are too good, naturally there are nine sons to win the wife.
Qianlong was different, Qianlong reigned for 60 years and covered the Taishang Emperor's hat for three years, but he ascended the throne at the age of 25, so by the time Qianlong died, he had already lived to the age of 88, which was the oldest emperor in the history of the emperor, and there was no one.
By the time Qianlong was 85 years old and about to pass on the throne, if the older sons did not die, they would already be fifty or sixty years old, so Qianlong also had 17 sons, and few of them were alive in the end, and Yongyan was already the fifteenth son.
Suppose, let Kangxi also live to be 88 years old, that is, 1722 + 20 = 1742, that is, the seventh year of Qianlong. Of the 35 sons of Kangxi, the sons who could survive the seven years of Qianlong were the old twelfth and the fourteenth, and there were six from the fourteenth to the later, that is to say, in the end, there were only 8 sons left, and obviously even the number of nine sons who took the concubine was not even.
This is the most superficial, the most straightforward, and the most objective reason, or Qianlong lived too old, and successfully survived the adult life of his sons.
Qianlong was hoping that two concubines of Empress Lifucha would succeed to the throne, but both princes Yonglian and Yongchun died one step ahead of Qianlong.
After Empress Fucha's death, Concubine Xian was made empress, and she gave birth to twelve brothers and thirteen brothers, and the thirteen brothers died prematurely, and Qianlong deposed concubines, and the throne of the twelve brothers was naturally not guaranteed.
By the time Qianlong planned to choose the crown prince in the sixtieth year, there were only four princes, namely the eighth son of the emperor, the eleventh son of the emperor, the fifteenth son of the emperor, and the seventeenth son of the emperor.
Emperor Hachiko was not only indulgent in wine, but also a cripple, so he was not considered.
Relatively speaking, the mother of the fifteenth son Yongyan and the seventeenth elder Yongxuan was the later Empress Xiaoyichun, who naturally had a higher status.
Secondly, in terms of the way of taking the throne, the secret crown prince after Yongzheng made the competition for imperial power less intense
Because the Qing Dynasty regime was born out of the fishing and hunting ethnic tribes, the way of ascending the throne in the early period of the dynasty was still relatively chaotic, and almost every emperor's succession was licked with blood on the tip of the knife, full of accidents and controversies.
When Nurhaci died, Emperor Taiji's succession to the throne was questioned, and when Emperor Taiji died violently, Emperor Taiji's son Hauge and Emperor Taiji's brother Dorgon almost fought each other in order to compete for the throne, until the final compromise between the two sides had Shunzhi, although Shunzhi's throne was picked up, but he also understood the problems in the Qing Dynasty's imperial succession system.
However, Shunzhi acquired smallpox at a young age (Noshi Chuan Shunzhi became a monk), so he chose Kangxi, who had already passed smallpox (after passing it, he would not get it again) as the crown prince, and Kangxi was the first and last in the Qing Dynasty to ascend to the throne as a prince.
After Kangxi ascended to the throne, he naturally also hoped to inherit his throne by making him a prince, so Kangxi made his eldest son Yin Rong the prince early in the fourteenth year, but at that time, Yin Rong was only two years old, and Kangxi still had forty-seven years to go.
Because the time is too long, there will inevitably be a change in the end, anyway, later Kangxi was very dissatisfied with Yin Rong, in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, deposed the prince once, which announced that he gave other princes the opportunity, at that time the eldest brother and the eighth brother began to fight for the reserve, the quarrel was inseparable, the next year Kangxi wanted to come or establish Yin Rong as the prince, at this time the status of the prince was not secured, under the repeated attacks, it did not take long for Kangxi to abolish the position of yin rong's prince.
The complete abolition of Yin Rong marked that all princes of the same age, regardless of the concubine, had a certain chance to inherit the throne, resulting in the nine sons seizing the concubine incident.
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he deeply felt that there were problems in this imperial succession system, so he created a secret reserve system, which greatly alleviated the situation of the emperor's death and the competition between the emperors. It was under such relaxed conditions that Qianlong took the throne.
After the system of secretly establishing reserves, even Qianlong had 35 sons, and even if Qianlong only lived to be 68 years old, it could largely avoid the recurrence of the tragedy of fratricide.
In the end, Qianlong relinquished the throne for sixty years, and became emperor Taishang for three years, making Jiaqing's succession more stable
When Qianlong was alive, he naturally saw the momentum of the Ninth Son's conquest of the concubine, and he was able to inherit the throne, and many historical sources say that it was because Kangxi liked Qianlong that Yongzheng became emperor.
However, there was still a relationship between Kangxi and Qianlong, so when Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he was naturally very grateful to Kangxi, and when he took the throne, he swore that he would only reign for sixty years, definitely not more than Kangxi's sixty-one years, Qianlong this person is also a chicken thief, 25 years old to ascend the throne, in the sixty years of reign that must live to eighty-five years old, just ask in ancient times, there are several emperors who can live to eighty-five years old.
The embarrassing thing is that Qianlong lived to the point that Qianlong, a self-proclaimed old man, was stuck in his old age, so he was very happy, and the burden of idols was quite heavy.
So he could only keep his promise, in order to fulfill the good name of his voluntary abdication, the Zen throne was given to Jiaqing, in fact, this Qianlong still had a careful eye, that is, he played a hand to give way and not give up power, although he became the Emperor Taishang, he still firmly held the power in his hands and let Jiaqing be a puppet emperor.
Although the puppet emperor of Jiaqing in the past three years was walking on thin ice, at least the imperial throne was also consolidated, let alone the situation of taking a concubine, and the Qing Dynasty had never had a tradition of brothers and brothers before this.