In the seventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1171 AD), Lu You was invited by Wang Yan, the envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, to go south to serve as an aide.
At the age of forty-six, Lu You joined the army at the age of 46, and with the passion of serving the country in the Northern Expedition, he wrote a 10,000-word "Pingrong Strategy" and talked about the specific combat strategy of the Northern Expedition.
Unexpectedly, only eight months later, the Southern Song court changed its mind and deposed his superior, Wang Yan. Lu You rode into Sichuan with a huge loss and later served as a senator in Shuzhou.
In August of the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174 AD), Lu You, after a military parade, wrote the "Shuzhou Parade", attacking the Southern Song Dynasty court for raising troops without using them, and stealing security.
The following year, Lu You was attacked by the "lords and factions" of the Southern Song Dynasty court and was deposed.
After Being Deposed, Lu You chose to live in seclusion near Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu, calling himself "Fang Weng"
。 However, his heart could never let go of the dream of recovering heshan, so he also always paid attention to the changes in the situation of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the summer of the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1176 AD), the Southern Song Dynasty
There was a "personnel change" in the DPRK. A certain person who had been secretly concerned by Lu You had suddenly been promoted.
But at the same time, it has also attracted some criticism.
After receiving the news, Lu You struggled to get up from his hospital bed and wrote a touching patriotic poem called "Sick Book". Although the name of this poem is unknown to many people, many people have heard the phrase "humble and dare not forget the country".
I. Appreciation of "Sick Book"
"Sick Book"——Southern Song Dynasty Lu You
Sick bones are wide from the yarn hat, and the lonely man is a thousand miles away from Jiang Gan.
The lowly man did not dare to forget the worries of the country, and the matter must be waited for the coffin.
Heaven and Earth Deity Fu Temple Society, Jinghua Father Lao Wang and Luan.
A table out of the division through the ancient and modern, the night half to pick the lamp more carefully.
Poetry Paraphrasing:
Because of the illness, the bones are about to fall apart. Probably because of this, the gauze hat I was wearing on the top of my head was also loosened. I, a lonely son, have drifted thousands of miles, living in isolation on the banks of the Jinjiang River.
Although my identity is humble, I dare not forget the troubles of the country for a moment.
Has the situation ahead really stabilized? The evaluation of a person still has to be covered in order to draw conclusions.
May the gods of heaven and earth support our national community together, because the people who live under the iron hooves of the Golden People in the old capital are still looking forward to the arrival of the Son of Heaven.
Although a thousand years have passed since Zhuge Liang's "Table of Teachers", it still has the value of reference. So I got up in the middle of the night and picked up the lamp to read at night.
Lu You was a master of Song poetry, with "10,000 poems in sixty years" in his lifetime.
Most of the poems he wrote had the words "sick" or "on the pillow" in their titles.
It can be seen that his health is not optimistic.
He says at the beginning of the poem that he is "sick and broken", and it seems that he has been sick for a long time. In order to practice the political ideal of serving the country, he ran away for a long time, leaving his wife in his hometown in Shanyin and living alone in Chengdu.
I was sick, and there wasn't even a person around me who brought tea and water. Even in this case, he still pinned his feelings on the affairs of his home and country. "A humble man does not dare to forget the country", which means that although his identity is humble, he does not dare to forget the country's troubles for a moment.
The whole poem vividly expresses the spirit of Lu You's perseverance for the sake of the country.
The "humble person does not dare to forget the country, and the matter must wait for the coffin" is the main theme of the whole poem, which makes the ideas of the whole poem shine and become a famous passage that shines throughout the ages.
Lu You can be said to have been born at the wrong time, and he was born to catch up with the disaster of the Fall of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, when the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was stable, the scientific expedition was reopened,
He was 28 years old when he first went to the test. Although he took the first place, he was ostracized by the traitor Qin Juniper.
It was not until he was thirty years old that Qin Ju fell ill and died, and he had no chance to become an official. Later, he offended the emperor because of his outspoken advice, and in the end he could only serve as a petty official such as a general judge and a senator.
The last sentence in the jaw link is "things must be fixed to be closed", although it is not known which thing he is talking about. However, in connection with the "Table of Renunciation" mentioned later, it is speculated that it may be related to the matter of discerning loyalty and adultery.
Because Zhuge Liang, in the "Table of Renunciation", once exhorted Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, to "be a pro-virtuous subject, far lesser.". This truth is indeed "common to ancient and modern times".
Second, whose family affairs is determined?
At the peak of the Song Dynasty, Lu You wrote the most poems. Because
Poetry is the work of Yan Zhi, which facilitates the expression of his personal ideals.
In Lu You's many patriotic poems, he always likes to write about the "remnants" of the northern land, saying that they "look south to the king for another year" and "Jinghua father and old hope and Luan".
It seems that he advocated the restoration of the country, not to realize his dream of conquering the battlefield and making meritorious achievements. Instead, he spoke purely for the "remnants" of the Northland, not wanting to see them "cry out of tears."
Lu You's family is one of the largest in Zhejiang, and the family has no books. Therefore, when he was very young, he received the most orthodox Confucian education. This kind of education played a key role in the shaping of his personality.
For these reasons,
From the age of twelve or thirteen, Lu You began to learn poetry and read the art of war at the same time. Therefore, he actually understands some military command strategies.
The history books record that after Qin Jun's illness and death, Lu You became an official, and because of his talent, he was appreciated by Emperor Xiaozong of Song, and was given the title of Jinshi, and appointed him as the privy council editor in charge of the state's military.
When Song Xiaozong first ascended the throne, he was originally an emperor with a tendency to fight. Moreover, he also mentioned to his ministers that in the early years, Song Taizong was shot in the thigh by the Liao people, which he regarded as a great shame.
Lu You had always advocated the Northern Expedition and was well versed in military strategy, so Song Xiaozong admired him very much at first. However, Lu You spoke too bluntly, and finally because he offended Song Xiaozong, he was expelled from the center of power.
Although Lu You could not become a big official, he could only be a minor official, but he was still bent on fighting the Jin people. So when he heard that Zhang Jun was going to go on the Northern Expedition, he was very excited and ran to give advice. As a result, Zhang Jun did not expect that Zhang Jun would soon fail due to insufficient preparation for combat.
Later, Wang Yan took charge of the Sichuan and Shaanxi areas and asked Lu You to become a military division. Lu You was very happy and immediately went to the Shaanxi front to inspect the border. He discovers that there is a guard in Dasanguan who is at the mercy of his father, arrogant, and often kills people for minor negligence.
So he suggested that Wang Yan replace him, but Wang Yan did not agree,
Lu You: Once this person has military achievements in the future, it will be difficult to be restrained. As a result, this defender later surrendered to the Jin Dynasty during the Northern Expedition of Han Nong.
Through this incident, we can also see that Lu You actually has a discerning vision. Later, Wang Yan was dismissed from his post, and the Northern Expedition could only be abandoned.
When Lu You went to Shuzhou as a senator, he once participated in the military parade and wrote the poem "Shuzhou Great Parade".
He says in the poem himself
Early in the morning, he inspected the army in his military uniform, and his heart was full of sorrow. If you want to "run all over the poor side in five years", what is the picture? Isn't it just the restoration of rivers and mountains? Who would have expected that the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty would have to truce its troops.
Since the truce is already there, why should I come to the military parade?
There is no need to raise soldiers, and what is the purpose of wasting financial resources? Such an approach would be of no benefit to the people, to the court of the Southern Song Dynasty, and to the whole country.
Thinking back to the beginning, following Wang Yan in Shubian, Shaanxi Province, it was like an old dream. Lu You thought that in his lifetime, he was afraid that he would never have the opportunity to cross the river to fight again, so his heart was very lost and afraid.
Because Lu You attacked the Southern Song Court this time, which made the emperor feel very uncomfortable, and because he was too deeply conflicted with those "lords and factions" in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was finally deposed again.
In June of the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1176 AD), that is
At the same time that Lu You wrote the poem "Sick Rising Book". Xin Shuyi, a famous patriotic lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty, had just been awarded the post of "Secret Cabinet Repairer" for his meritorious efforts in quelling the rebellion of tea merchant Lai Wenzheng.
At that time, Ye Heng, the patron of Xin Abandoned Disease in the Southern Song Dynasty, had already fallen, but Xin Abandoned Disease was not deposed. So, why wasn't Xin abandoned and dismissed? Because of his great ambition to resist Jin, he surrendered to a recognized villain in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Zeng Qian".
At that time, there were two major "main war factions" in the Southern Song Dynasty, one of which was led by the prime ministers Yu Yunwen and Zhou Bida, and the other faction was led by Zeng Qin and Ye Heng. However, this
The two factions have always been at odds.
However, Xin abandoned the disease and turned to Yu Yunwen first, and after Yu Yunwen died of illness, he went to Ye Heng and Zeng Qin.
Although it seems to be a bit of a wall grass meaning, this matter is completely bright for Xin Zhiyi.
Because Xin Was indifferent to the infighting between the gangs and factions in the Southern Song Dynasty court, because he only wanted someone to support him in the Northern Expedition. However, after he defected to Ye Heng and Zeng Qin, Zhou Bida's faction directly beat him into Zeng Qin's party.
Therefore, Lu You may have maintained a neutral attitude on this matter. He thinks that whether a person is good or bad, or he has to make a conclusive conclusion.
Therefore, after he returned to San'in at the age of seventy-nine, Xin Also visited him and discussed state affairs with him.
In the fourth year of Jiatai (1204 AD), Han Nongxin summoned Xin to abandon the mountain and participate in the Northern Expedition.
Lu You, who was already eighty years old, made the "Send Xin You'an Temple to Write the Dynasty" to abandon the disease and make a grand deed for Xin. In the poem, he praises Xin for abandoning his illness before Guan Zhong and Xiao He.
epilogue
This "distinction between loyalty and adultery" evoked Lu You's memories of "The Master's Table". So he finally turned over the "Table of Teachers" and read it again. The "Teacher's Table" from a thousand years ago was really well written!
In this article, Zhuge Liang hoped that Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, would be "pro-virtuous and far-fetched." Try to treat foreign ministers and interior ministers equally. Because only in this way can a country prosper, stabilize and enjoy long-term peace and stability.
If Emperor Xiaozong of Song could also do this and reconcile the relations within the "main battle factions" such as Zeng Qin, Xin Zhiyi, and Zhou Bida, why worry that the Northern Expedition would not succeed?
In that case, a loyal servant like him can bow down to the country with peace of mind, and after death, it will be over!