In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in order to set off Zhuge Liang's extraordinary wisdom and outstanding moral character, Luo Guanzhong made a large number of revisions and demeans to the Famous Scholar Zhou Yu of Eastern Wu, so that such a personable, open-minded, and arrogant celebrity became a narrow-minded and extremely jealous person. How is Zhou Yu written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms?
At that time, Cao Cao dominated the side, destroyed the great enemy Yuan Shao to the north, unified the north, and then destroyed several military groups of large and small sizes after several rounds. But at the same time, Liu Bei was also constantly trying to expand his power, but he was defeated by Cao Cao. The strategist Zhuge Liang proposed the theory of uniting Wu against Cao, which was adopted by Liu Bei. Sure enough, after convincing Sun Quan, with the help of Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yuzhizhi, and the assistance of Pang Tong, Xu Shu, and others, he finally defeated Cao Cao at Chibi. Immediately, Sun Liu's alliance tried to destroy Cao Cao, and unexpectedly, Guan Yuyi released Cao Cao on the Huarong Road. Poor Zhou Yu did not know that he wanted to occupy Jingzhou in one fell swoop, but he was preempted by the clever Zhuge Liang. Despite his vain attempts to attack, he was still blocked by Zhao Yun's troops, and he was also hit by an arrow. Zhou Yu was not reconciled, and several times chased After Jingzhou, he always returned without success. Sun Quan cherished Zhou Yu and asked Lu Su to go to Jingzhou for him, but he still returned to no avail. In a hurry, Zhou Yu thought of the beauty plan, but he was recognized by Zhuge Liang and made Eastern Wu end up with the fate of "losing his wife and folding soldiers.".
When Zhou Yu negotiated with Liu Bei again, Zhuge Liang once again crushed Zhou Yu's brilliant plan by taking Xichuan. Finally, he was going to turn his face to Liu Bei. He wanted to use the false Dao to destroy Liu Bei. However, this plan still could not escape Zhuge Liang's eyes, and in the end he still failed. Even so, Zhuge Liang thought it was still not enough, because he wanted to get rid of this fierce enemy. So Hu Zhuge Liang fell into the well and ridiculed Zhou Yu in the letter. Finally, with a sigh of "Both Shengyu and He Shengliang", Zhou Yu went... Although many people know that many of the descriptions in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not true historical facts, people blindly believe that even some books that record history record such untrue history.
In fact, the real Zhou Yu in history is "majestic, bold and extraordinary", "built an independent and decisive mind, outstanding people's appearance, and real wizards". In Chen Shou's Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, he commented that Zhou Yu was "a man of great sexual integrity, but not at peace with Cheng Pu." This means that Zhou Yu is majestic and heroic, has extraordinary temperament, and has an open-minded temperament, and is generally popular with the people, but his relationship with Cheng Pu is not harmonious. Is it true that discord with Cheng Pu has become "narrow-minded and jealous"? In fact, Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu are not in harmony, the main reason is in Cheng Pu. Cheng Pu, a veteran general of Eastern Wu, followed Sun Jian in his early years and thought that he was highly meritorious and could not look at the young Zhou Yu. However, he was below Zhou Yu and was very unconvinced, he "counted Ling Insult Yu", and Zhou Yu "folded his tolerances and finally did not work with the school (calculation)". Finally, Cheng Pu himself was convinced, and Cheng Pu said: "Having sex with Zhou Gongjin is like drinking alcohol, and I don't feel drunk." It can be seen that Zhou Yu is not only open-minded and noble, but also has an educational, influential and convincing charm.
In the Zizhi Tongjian, Sima Guang also gave Zhou Yu a very high evaluation. In the book's "Battle of Chibi", he called Zhou Yu an excellent military scientist with armor in his chest, courage and courage.
Sun Quan and Lu Xun said: "Gong Jin is majestic, bold and courageous, breaking Meng De, opening up Jingzhou, Mi Yan is difficult to succeed, and Jun Jin is succeeding... Ziming... Learning is enlightening, and the chips are strange, which can be inferior to Gongjin, but the words are not enough. ”
Zhuge Jin and Bu Qi jointly said: "The courtiers are favored by Yu Xi, enter the heart, become pawns, go out on the expedition, be a yashi, use their lives as a sacrifice, and regard death as a return, so they can destroy Cao Cao in Wulin, take Cao Ren to Yingdu, Yang Guoweide, Huaxia is Zhen, stupid and barbaric, Mo bu is obedient, although Zhou Zhifang's uncle, Han Zhixin, and Cloth, there is no way to survive." ”
Shiren rumored: "The song is wrong, Zhou Langgu." ”
Sun Quan said of Gongqing: "Alone is not Zhou Gongjin, not an emperor." ”
Jiang Gan said of Yu Yue: "Elegant and elegant, not idle in words." ”
Liu Bei said: "Gongjin Wenwu strategized, the hero of ten thousand people, taking care of its vast amount of equipment, I am afraid that it will soon be the ear of the people." ”
Even in the historical records of the other Three Kingdoms, there is no record of Zhou Yu's "narrowness".
It is such a literary and martial all-rounder who directs the country, commands Ruoding, and bows to the best of his ability, but in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" luo guanzhong portrays Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang as a person who calculates Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang everywhere, which is really heart-wrenching.
In addition, there are many legends and stories about Zhou Yu in the folk. Judging from these stories and legends, before the Yuan Dynasty, people still liked Zhou Yu very much.
For example, "The song is wrong, Zhou Langgu", which means that Zhou Yu has a good artistic quality and literati temperament. Zhou Yu is not only resourceful and good at fighting, but also proficient in musical rhythm and has a high ability to appreciate music. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu Biography": "Yu Shao is particularly interested in music, although after the Three Lords, there are errors, Yu will know it, and if he knows it, he will take care of it." Therefore, the people at the time said: 'The song is wrong, Zhou LangGu.' This means that when Zhou Yu listened to people playing, even if he drank a few more glasses of wine, he was a little drunk, and if he played a little wrong, he would definitely not be able to hide his ears. Whenever he found a mistake, he had to look at the player, which meant, "Hey, you're wrong." The Tang Dynasty poet Li Duan's poem "Listening to the Kite" has two sentences: "If you want to win Zhou Langgu, you always flick the strings by mistake" (in order to let your beloved people look at me a few times, I always deliberately play wrong), and this is the allusion used in the poem.
Another example is Su Shi's "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu": "The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, and the characters of the ancient times are flowing." To the west of the fortress, the humanity is the Three Kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi. Rocks pierced through the air, the waves crashed on the shore, and a thousand piles of snow rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at a time. In the year of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and was majestic and heroic. Lupine scarf, laughter and laughter, the tree ashes. The homeland is a god tour, amorous should laugh at me, early birth Huafa, life is like a dream, a bottle back to the river moon. This means that the Yangtze River flows eastward, the waves roll, and the heroes of the ages have passed away with the waters of the Yangtze River. To the west of the old camp, people say that it was the Chibi where Zhou Yu fought during the Three Kingdoms period. Steep and uneven stone walls pierce the sky, and large waves crash on the riverbank, stirring up piles of snow-white waves.
Jiangshan is like a beautiful picture, how many heroes Haojie have gathered in that era. Thinking of Zhou Yu at that time, Xiao Qiao had just married him, and he was young and promising, with a mighty appearance and a heroic posture. He held a lupine in his hand, wore a scarf on his head, and between conversations and laughter, he burned the warships of the strong enemy to ashes. At this moment, I am nostalgic for the old affairs of the Three Kingdoms, and I should laugh at my own sentimentality, and my hair has turned white early. Life is like a dream in the world, I still pour a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river! The whole story describes Zhou Yu's grandeur and the magnificent scene of the Battle of Chibi. In particular, this sentence "When you think of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was first married, and he was majestic and heroic." Lupine scarf, between talking and laughing, the tree ashes and smoke away", is a famous sentence that has been talked about by people for thousands of years and widely recited. Here, the author does not directly write about Zhou Yu's crotch and the gun in the palm, but the military attaché writes: with beauty, clothing, appearance, demeanor, and post-war scenes to highlight Zhou Yu's young and handsome, handsome, graceful and elegant, and commanding Confucian general demeanor, fully showing Zhou Yu's outstanding command ability and heroic spirit of contempt for strong enemies. The person who can make a generation of literary heroes sing for him through the ages shows that Zhou Yu is truly worthy of being a figure of the ancient style.
However, since the Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Yu's image has gradually changed, and people have begun to scandalize his image, escalating all the way, reaching its peak when the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was written, at this time Zhou Yu seemed to have become another person. "Three Qi Zhou Yu", "Both Shengyu, He Shengliang", "Zhou Lang's brilliant plan to secure the world, lose his wife and fold the soldiers" and other wonderful but not real fragments, so that when people mention this famous scholar of the Three Kingdoms, the first thing that comes to mind is Zhou Yu's careful eyes and small belly chicken intestines.
"Three Qi Zhou Yu" should be regarded as the most famous and wonderful passage that shows Zhou Yu's small qi volume.
Yiqi: In the second year after the Chibi War, Zhou Yu went to capture Jingzhou, which was preemptively taken by Zhuge Liang. "Yiqi Zhou Yu" occurred under the city of Nan County, wu jun engaged Cao Jun, Zhou Yu was poisoned by arrows, he tricked the enemy to death, and finally defeated Cao Ren. By the time the Wu army returned to Nan Commandery after pursuing Cao Jun, the city had already been acquired by Zhao Yun; At the same time, at the behest of Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu zhang fei easily took Jingzhou and Xiangyang, so Zhou Yu was so angry that "the golden sores burst out".
Erqi: Zhou Yu originally wanted to marry Sun Quan's sister to Liu Bei, detain Liu Bei, and force Zhuge Liang to hand over Jingzhou, but Zhuge Liang used a trick to make Zhou Yu "lose his wife and fold the army". Related to "Erqi Zhouyu" is an idiom known to women and children, "losing the lady and folding the soldiers", which is tantamount to the synonym of "stealing chickens and not eating rice". This incident aroused the desire of the novelist, first Zhou Yu wrote to Sun Quan, asking him to separate Liu, Guan, and Zhang, entertain Liu Bei's eyes and ears with beautiful women and palaces, and then break the three of them individually, so that the big thing could be decided. However, Sun Quan believed that cao cao was still in the north at that time, and when he "recruited heroes, he was afraid of being difficult to prevent, so he did not accept it." In short, things did not go as expected, and Zhou Yu inevitably got angry and hurt himself.
Three Qi: Zhou Yu asked Liu Bei for the disadvantage of returning Jingzhou, and then led his troops to attack and failed, resulting in illness and death. The "Three Qi Zhou Yu" took place under the city of Jingzhou, and Zhou Yu pretended to capture Xichuan and wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to retake Jingzhou in the name of Jingzhou. However, this plan was recognized by Kong Ming, and when the Wu army arrived at Jingzhou City, Zhao Yun did not put it in, and thousands of troops and horses rushed to the city under the four, "All said that they wanted to capture Zhou Yu." So Zhou Yu died of anger. Before his death, he issued a sigh of "He Shengyu, He Shengliang." So what about real history?
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, although Zhou Yu did get an arrow during the war when he "personally crossed the horse and plundered the front," Cao Ren heard that he was bedridden and could not afford to be sick, so he "strangled the soldiers into battle." Yu Nai is self-exhilarating, the case march camp provokes the officials, and Ren Yu is retreating." The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms does not mention that Nan Commandery was acquired by Liu Bei, and after the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu also led Nan Commandery Taishou. Where does the "one breath" thing start? In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", after Zhou Yu's plan was implemented, he was recognized by Kong Ming and left a laughing stock of "Zhou Lang's wonderful plan to secure the world, lose his wife and fold the army". Imagine that at that time, Liu Bei's wings were not yet full, and if Zhou Yu's strategy was really adopted by Wu Hou, I am afraid that the entire history would have to be rewritten. The account in the Zizhi Tongjian is that Liu Bei later learned of Zhou Yu's letter and sighed: "The wise and scheming people in the world see the same thing." And Kong Ming", "is alone and unable to do anything, and his intention is also worried about this." The lone party is in danger, and it has to go, this sincere and dangerous road, it is inevitable that Zhou Yu's hand will be spared!" It can be seen that he himself is not very relieved. It is true that Sun Quan married his sister to Liu Bei, and this kind of political marriage can be said to be a rare thing in any dynasty, and The historical Lady Sun should be a victim worthy of sympathy.
Therefore, novels are novels after all, not history. For the simplest example, the Confucian and Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows are purely fictional by the author, while the Battle of Chibi is the work of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, and has nothing to do with Zhuge Liang. Borrowing the East Wind is even less of a thing. Because the east wind is a common thing from November onwards, not only Zhuge Liang knows it, Zhou Yu also knows it, Cao Cao also knows it, and everyone knows it. This is a common sense of life, and it cannot be said that Zhuge Liang is familiar with astronomy. Lupine scarves were not Zhuge Liang's patents, and this white lupine fan was a must-have for celebrities at that time. According to age and level, the white feather fan should be more of an iconic object for people like Zhou Yu and Lu Su, rather than the exclusive property of Zhuge Liang alone today.
Chen Yidong said in "Three Points of Gossip" that Zhou Yu "this person is loyal to Sun Shi; Forgiveness to friends; There are tricks to the plan; Limelight; Good reputation; Plus people are pretty; Madame is even more beautiful... Those who are ashamed of themselves will inevitably not be jealous. Yu Weisheng was far away, so Cao Gong Liu Bei Xian wanted to doubt it."
Yuan Ming's "Suiyuan Poetry" talks about some people who have been ridiculed for saying a sentence in the poem, "He Shengyu, He Shengliang"; Someone else used this sentence in the recital and was dismissed by the Qing Emperor. This is really laughable, because the requirement to distinguish between history and fiction is not excessive.
Literary giants such as Lu Xun and Hu Shi both said condescending words for Zhou Yu when commenting on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
In history, Zhou Yu lived longer than Zhuge Liangnian and became famous earlier, and the two actually had nothing to do with each other, let alone the three qi Zhou Yu. In fact, it is common for historical novels to differ from history, but like the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," which has been circulated through the ages, it is beneficial for everyone to open the book, so that it completely replaces the correct history and is regarded as a solid and credible historical record, thus changing the entire nation's understanding of that period of history. On this point, it may be that Luo Guanzhong himself did not expect it.
As a literary work, the literary achievements of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms cannot be questioned. But for history, people should have a correct and rigorous attitude. In the five thousand years of China, there are many turbulent times and constant disputes among the masses. But only the Three Kingdoms era received the most attention and the most controversy. To this day, the tide of the Three Kingdoms continues to influence future generations. Therefore, if we look at history in a realistic and truth-seeking manner, we should return Zhou Yu's originality and innocence.