Many people have heard the famous poem, "A tree of pear blossoms presses begonias". Many people believe that this poem was used by Su Dongpo to make fun of the eighty-year-old concubine of "the lyricist Zhang Xian", who has been relishing it.
In fact, this is a rumor based on false rumors. Zhang Xian did take a concubine when he was 85 years old, and Su Dongpo did write poems to ridicule Zhang Xian.
However, the poems written by Su Dongpo are not the low-level words of pear blossoms and begonias at all, but more advanced, more elegant, and more literati verses.
Su Dongpo ridiculed Zhang Xian, and the real poem was "Zhang Ziye's Eighty-Five Shangwen BuyIng Concubine Shu Guling's Poem": "Mr. Jinli laughed at himself and did not deceive the nine-foot sideburns. The poet is old and the warbler is there, and the prince returns to Yan Yan busy. Xiangjun under the pillar still has teeth, and the history of Jiangnan thorns has no intestines. Pingsheng falsely made an Changke, and slightly sent Peng Xuan to the back hall. ”
The first two sentences should be read together, which means that Zhang Xianren's old heart is not old, and the two sideburns still need to take concubines.
Mr. Jinli, from Du Fu's poem: "Mr. Jinli Wujiao scarf, the garden harvest taro millet is not completely poor." Here it is used to refer to Zhang Xian.
Why did Su Dongpo use Mr. Jinli to refer to Zhang Xian?
Personal speculation, it is estimated that it is because of Du Fu's poem "Mr. Jinli Wujiao Towel", "Mr. Jinli" is followed by "Wujiao Towel", which directly reminds people of "dark" hair.
In fact, Zhang Xian, who is full of white hair, is completely incompatible with "black".
Therefore, Su Dongpo will say "self-laughing maniac" and "Mo cheat nine feet of sideburns".
Why crazy? It is because Zhang Xian treats his "white hair" or "sideburns" as inappropriate, or treats "white" as "wu", such Zhang Xian is simply a copy of Mr. Jinli of "wujiao scarf".
This probably explains why Su Dongpo likened Zhang Xian to "Mr. Jinli".
In fact, I personally think that this explanation is still a bit far-fetched, if you have a better understanding and explanation, welcome to leave a message.
The first two sentences of the poem use Zhang Xian himself to ridicule Zhang Xian, while the last six sentences use historical celebrity allusions to Zhang Xian.
In other words, the beauty of this poem is that it uses various surnames of Zhang to ridicule Zhang Xian, and the use of the dictionary is just right, which makes people shoot the case.
"The poet is old and the warbler is here", using the love story of Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying in "Hui Zhen Ji", ridiculing Zhang Xian's "old heart is not old", or so much affection.
"Gongzi Returns to Yanyan Busy" uses allusions to Emperor Cheng of Han (Zhang Gongzi) and Zhao Feiyan in the Han Dynasty, and is intended to ridicule Zhang Xian's obsession with beautiful concubines.
In the Han Dynasty, there was a nursery rhyme that said: "Swallow swallowtail saliva, Zhang Gongzi, see each other when you see each other." And Emperor Hancheng once traveled with Zhang Fang in micro-clothing, and fought with the beautiful woman Zhao Feiyan.
Emperor Hancheng pretended to claim that he was also surnamed Zhang, so he said that he used Zhang Gongzi to replace Emperor Hancheng.
Some people think that this sentence uses the allusions of Zhang Yan (or Zhang Jianfeng) and Guan Panpan in the Tang Dynasty, which seems to have some truth.
However, I personally prefer Zhao Feiyan's allusions, because there is still a difference between Yanzilou and Yanyan.
In Su Dongpo's own words, the so-called "swallow building is empty, where is the beauty, empty lock building in the swallow", the relationship between Guan Panpan and the swallow is not an equivalent relationship. The swallow is obviously guan panpan's observer and memorial, and cannot be equated with Guan Panpan.
"Xiangjun under the pillar still has teeth", using the allusion of Zhang Cang, the Western Han Dynasty minister. When Zhang Cang grew old, he had no teeth in his mouth and lived by drinking milk.
This poem ridicules Zhang Xian, "People are not old in heart", and compared with Zhang Cang, he is still young and very energetic.
"Jiangnan thorn history has no intestines", using Liu Yuxi's poem: "It is common to see idle things, and cut off the Jiangnan thorn history intestines." ”
However, in connection with the whole poem, Su Dongpo has always used the allusion of Zhang's name, and it is impossible to have nothing to do with Zhang alone.
Mr. Jinli in the first two sentences, borrowing Du Fu's verses, is actually the same as the way this sentence uses Liu Yuxi's verses, and the provenance is clear and unmistakable.
But both are "poetry classics", not "events"; they are references to the verses, not to the stories of the characters.
When Su Dongpo wrote this poem, there must have been a main theme, that is, he must use the surname Zhang to ridicule Zhang Xian, and it is unlikely that he will give up halfway.
As I said earlier, "Mr. Jinli laughs at himself, and does not deceive the nine-foot sideburns" is to directly use Zhang Xian himself to ridicule Zhang Xian, in fact, the word "Zhang" already exists, and it does not violate this law.
Therefore, this sentence "Jiangnan Thorn History has no intestines" must be related to the new Zhang, so as not to destroy the structure and qi of the whole poem.
I thought about it and finally thought of someone.
"The history of Jiangnan thorns has no intestines", although Liu Yuxi's poems are used, but it uses the allusion of the Tang Dynasty poet "Zhang Youxin"!
Zhang Youxin is a talented person who has a lifelong affair. He was not only the leader of the Tang Dynasty, but also a rare "Lianzhong Sanyuan", known as "Zhang Santou".
Zhang Youxin was proud of the spring breeze and was overwhelmed, once saying: "I do not want to be a eunuch, but I have a beautiful wife, and my life is enough." ”
Unfortunately, Zhang Youxin was fooled by his friend Yang Qianzhou and married a wife with "virtue and colorlessness", that is, an ugly wife.
Zhang Youxin regretted it and wrote a poem lamenting: "A peony is worth thousands of gold, and it will be said to be the darkest color from time to time." Today's full column is like snow, and I have not lived up to the heart of the flowers in my life. For allusions, see "Benshi Poem.".
Also in the "Benshi Poem", there is also a story of Zhang Youxin receiving a beautiful woman from Li Sheng's hand.
When Zhang Youxin was engaged in Guangling, he once fell in love with a beautiful singer.
After more than twenty years, Zhang Youxin met this singer at Li Sheng's banquet and couldn't help but write a poem: "The clouds and rain have been flying for twenty years, and at that time, I never slept in my dreams." Now the head is white and heavy, and the xiangwang tortoiseshell feast is also on the feast. ”
After Li Shen knew, he asked the singer to go to Zhang Youxin's room at night, so that Zhang Youxin could regain his old dream.
It is worth noting that after the "Benshi Poem" recorded the story of Zhang Youxin's re-renewal of the frontier with the singer and the story of "a lifetime of failing to see the heart of the flowers", it was immediately Liu Yuxi who wrote the story of "commonplace and idle things, cutting off the thorns of Jiangnan".
In other words, if Su Dongpo saw Liu Yuxi's "breaking the Jiangnan Thorn History Intestine" in the "Benshi Poem", then There is absolutely no reason for Su Dongpo not to know the story of "the last one" Zhang Youxin.
Moreover, the "Benshi Poem" also records Zhang Youxin's state of embarrassment: "Li Xiangsheng town Huainan, Zhang Langzhong and the new strike of Jiangnan County, Su and Li Zhao gap, the matter is in the other record." When he encountered the wind in Jingxi, he drifted away from his second son, and in the midst of sorrow, he was afraid of Li Zhi's hatred of himself, and threw a long note to surrender himself. ”
In short, Zhang Youxin, who was frustrated at this time, was very much in line with the description of "Jiangnan Thorn History Has No Intestine".
And it is precisely in this kind of awkward "no intestine" situation, Zhang Youxin still does not forget the wind, or and the singer staged a Wushan love affair, inseparable, worthy of being a poet of the wind.
Therefore, I think that Su Dongpo's "Jiangnan Thorn History Has No Intestines" really uses Zhang Youxin's allusions.
On the one hand, it is in line with all the allusions related to "Zhang", on the other hand, Zhang Youxin's wind flow is enough to ridicule Zhang Xian's style.
Su Dongpo meant to say: "You Zhang Xian is already an eighty-year-old man, your intestines are broken, and you are still thinking about the affair, it is really disrespectful for the old man!" ”
Some people on the Internet said that the meaning of Jiangnan's thorn history has no intestines is used in Liu Yuxi's allusion, saying that Zhang Xian's eighty concubines are commonplace.
Such an understanding is neither contrary to common sense nor understands the technique of Su Dongpo's poem as a whole.
There are still two last sentences left: "Pingsheng falsely behaved as An Changke, and slightly sent Peng Xuan to the back hall." ”
Still the same old way, these two sentences are still related to the surname Zhang.
The allusion comes from Zhang Yu, a chancellor of the Han Dynasty. Zhang Yu was given the title of Marquis of Anchang, while Peng Xuan was Zhang Yu's disciple.
Peng Xuan was obedient, and when he went to Zhang Yu's house, Zhang Yu always talked to him about the scriptures, and the food he served was very simple.
Zhang Yu also had another disciple, Dai Chong. When Dai Chong went to Zhang Yu's house, Zhang Yu always took Dai Chong into the back hall to drink and let beautiful women accompany him.
Peng Xuan had never been to Zhang Yu's back hall for fun, and Dai Chong's treatment was completely different.
Su Dongpo wrote these two poems, compared Zhang Xian to Zhang Yu, and said in a mocking tone: "Old Zhang, you have been in a good mood all your life, and you are still fighting with beautiful women at such an old age, which is really envious of peng Xuan, a serious person like me." You can't patronize your own affair, let me look at it, when will you introduce me to a beautiful woman? ”
Su Dongpo likened himself to "the righteous man Peng Xuan", and deliberately distinguished himself from the mercurial Zhang Xian, obviously ridiculing Zhang Xian's eighty-five concubines.
And the so-called "pear blossom begonia" of folklore is like this: "Eighteen brides and eighty langs, pale hair to red makeup." Mandarin ducks are lined up in double nights, and a tree of pear blossoms presses begonias. ”
When we carefully compare this poem with Su Dongpo's original poem, we will have a feeling of world difference.
In terms of content, the two poems have no deep meaning, in fact, there is no difference, they are both ridicules of Zhang Xianren's old heart and disrespect for the old.
However, in terms of poetic techniques, Su Dongpo's real poetry is obviously much more advanced, and it is obviously not the style of "oil poetry".
Judging from the content of the text, the difficulty of writing, and the degree of sophistication, it is clear that Su Dongpo's poems easily win.
But in terms of popularity, Su Dongpo's poems are obviously not as popular as "pear blossom pressed begonias".
After all, the people do not need to understand so many allusions, or feel that the "pear blossom pressed begonia" is vivid and vivid.
From another point of view, in the eyes of the people, in fact, "pear blossom pressed begonia" is better.
On the contrary, Su Dongpo's poems appear to be smelly and long, purely the taste of the literati, not enough vitality, nor real interest in life.
However, Su Dongpo is famous, and everyone likes to attach celebrities, so they have installed "pear blossom pressed begonias" on Su Dongpo's body.
As for the true origin of "pear blossom pressed begonia", it is probably the natural evolution of the folk.
It is said that in ancient times, a 63-year-old man married a 16-year-old stepmother, and someone ridiculed and said, "Two eight beautiful people seven nine lang, why is the marriage not equal." In the red silk tent, a pear blossom pressed begonias. ”
With the circulation of this poem, there was a version of "Mandarin ducks are turned into double nights, a tree of pear blossoms pressed begonias", and then this poem was later installed on su Dongpo's head.
Although this phrase "pear blossom pressed begonia" is widely circulated and makes people relish, but for Su Dongpo himself, it is estimated that it is still "thankful and insensitive", after all, this is not his creation.
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