In the current mainstream view of historiography, Gongzi Fusu is indeed a deplorable person. He was kind and kind, good at benevolent government, and in the strict and strict Qin state at that time, the reputation was quite good, and it was recorded in the "Records of History" that "the people heard a lot about his sages." His benevolent government can be said to be the hope of the people of the Qin Dynasty.
If he had not died that year and successfully inherited the throne, perhaps the Qin Dynasty would have ushered in another situation, and the kingdom would not have died in just fifteen years and died twice.
And about Fu Su's death, it is even more regrettable. According to the "Records of History", when Qin Shi Huang died of illness in the sand dunes, Gongzi Hu Hai conspired with Zhao Gaolisi to usurp the throne, and because he was afraid of the great general Meng Tian and the supervising army Gongzi Fusu on the side of the Great Wall in northern Xinjiang, he falsely passed on the holy will and ordered him to commit suicide.
At that time, Gongzi Fusu did not know that the holy will was false, and he did not suspect it, so he took the will and committed suicide. Since then, Hu Hai has successfully ascended the throne.
Fu Su died in this way, and everyone regretted it, because according to the "Records of History", at that time, Meng Tiandu also advised him not to commit suicide in a hurry, after all, it was the father who killed his son, how to first find Qin Shi Huang to confirm it. If it is true that Qin Shi Huang himself said it, then it is not too late to die. But Fu Su was not moved, just a momentum to find death.
Why?
The history books do not say, we can only combine the historical data to make some inferences.
First of all, according to Fu Su's human design, we can think that he did this because he was a loyal and filial son. First of all, he is the son of Qin Shi Huang, the father's words, that must be obeyed, if you question it is not filial piety. In addition, Qin Shi Huang was a king, Fu Su was a subject, and the king wanted the subject to die, and the subject had to die.
This should be regarded as a more mainstream explanation.
However, as a generation of crown princes, is Fu Su really so dead-eyed?
In fact, if you carefully study Fu Su as a person, you will find that he and Qin Shi Huang actually have a bad relationship, and even have great contradictions. In other words, Qin Shi Huang had a reason to kill Fu Su, and Fu Su was also convinced of this, which would be so obedient.
Why do I say that?
First of all, Fu Su and Qin Shi Huang's political views are not in line, which is clearly recorded in the "Records of History", and it was because Fu Su was to advise Qin Shi Huang not to implement heavy law and strict government, which angered Qin Shi Huang and was then sent to the frontier.
"The world has been decided, the distant qianshou has not been gathered, all beings are reciting the Fa Confucius, and now all the people in the world are re-educated, and the subjects are afraid of the world's uneasiness." Only look up. "The First Emperor was furious and made Fu Subei imprisoned in Shangjun.
Of course, everyone believes that Qin Shi Huang's experience with Fu Su when he came to this time hone his will with his military career, and at the same time enhance his prestige in the army, so as to better inherit the throne.
But in my opinion, this is a kind of alienation from Qin Shi Huang.
First of all, Qin Shi Huang asked Fu Su to go to the frontier, not as a general leading the army to fight, but as a "supervisor of the army". That is, to monitor Meng Tian and his 300,000 Mengjia army. In addition, if Qin Shi Huang had the intention to let Fu Su succeed to the throne, then he should not let Fu Su go to the frontier, but let him stay by his side and teach well. We can find that in history, it is generally the emperor who leads the prince on a campaign and the prince supervises the country.
Because for a country, especially for a Qin Dynasty that has unified the six countries, it is necessary to consider how to govern the world. What the heir needs is not how to learn how to lead soldiers to fight, but how to govern the country, so it is certainly better to stay in the court than to go to the frontier.
In contrast, the prince Hu Hai enjoyed this treatment, first of all, Zhao Gao and Li Si were the most relied ministers of Qin Shi Huang, and they all sided with Hu Hai. If Qin Shi Huang did not attach importance to this son, would he win the favor of Zhao Gao and Li Si? And Qin Shi Huang will even let him accompany him around the Eastern Tour?
Obviously perverse.
Therefore, we may as well think that Qin Shi Huang did not like Fu Su so much, and his really beloved young son Hu Hai.
This also confirms the view in the "Zhao Zhengshu", that is, the so-called "change of the dune" in the "History" is actually a normal position handover. Hu Hai succeeded to the throne normally after the death of Qin Shi Huang, and there was no so-called "fraudulent establishment".
"The minister of embarrassment, fearing that the minister has a plan, please make The Son Hu Hai the queen, Wang Yueke." When the king dies and Hu Haili is killed..."
The reason why everyone thinks that Hu Hai is deceitful is because of the preconceived idea that the eldest son of the ancient concubine had the right of priority to inherit, and the influence of the "History" is too great. But we must know that the "Records of History" is a Confucian history book, and the book burning pit Confucian incident has gone to Han Weiyuan, Hu Hai was ordered by the First Emperor to take the throne, and dr. Confucian in the Han Dynasty naturally wanted to criticize it.
Of course, after all, the "Zhao Zhengshu" is not a correct history, its persuasiveness is not as good as the "Historical Record", the so-called "isolated evidence is not cited", we can not rely on this alone to overturn the "Historical Record" view.
However, from the book of "History" itself, we can also find some evidence about the contradiction between Fu Su and Qin Shi Huang. The previous frontier was counted as one due to political disagreements, and Fu Su's lineage was also counted as one.
Fu Su probably had the blood of the Chu state.
First of all, in the late Warring States period, the State of Qin and the State of Chu could be described as a generational marriage, and even Empress Qin Xuan was a Native of the State of Chu. Therefore, qin shi huang's son had the blood of the chu state, which was very normal. In the "Chen Shi ShiJia", it is recorded that when Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted, they fought under the banner of Gongzi Fusu.
Nai falsely called Gongzi Fusu, Xiang Yan, from the people's desire also
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were Chu people, and they played the Chu general Xiang Yan's banner, which made sense. But why do you want to play the banner of Qin Gongzi Fusu? That was the son of Qin Shi Huang and the greatest enemy of the Chu State. Unless, as mentioned earlier, Fu Su has the blood of the Chu State and is the son born to the Princess of the Chu State.
For Qin Shi Huang, Fu Su's identity was doomed to a contradiction between the two, he could not let a son with the blood of the Chu state inherit the throne, and he was also different from his own political views. If Jiangshan were handed over to him, it would probably be a wedding dress for the Chu people.
Therefore, for Fu Su, Qin Shi Huang killed him not without reason. Therefore, after seeing the holy will, he did not have too many thoughts and committed suicide.
In contrast, Meng Tian is different, their family has been loyal for generations, and he is a love general of Qin Shi Huang, and there is no contradiction with Qin Shi Huang, so he was given death in such an unclear way, of course, he did not accept it, so he asked to verify the authenticity.
Such a reason is undoubtedly more realistic than the tall image of Fu Su given in the "Records of History".
Of course, there is another reason in the end, that such a description of Fu Su's death in the "Records of History" is undoubtedly more in line with a value advocated by Confucianism.
As I mentioned earlier, according to the analysis of the "Records of History", there were two reasons for Fu Su's death, the first was that the father wanted the son to die, and the second was that the king wanted the subject to die. Under the Confucian rule of the Han Dynasty, these two views were most in line with the values of the time, namely loyalty and filial piety. This undoubtedly raised the image of Fu Su to a considerable height.
As for why do you want to hold up Gao Fusu so much? The reason is simple, that is, to belittle Qin Shi Huang, Qin II, and even the entire Qin Dynasty. It is no longer normal to use the death of Fu Su to explain the natural righteousness of the demise of the Qin Dynasty.