Chinese kiwifruit, a fruit whose industry is in an extremely awkward situation
On the one hand
Kiwifruit is a unique fruit native to China with a history of at least 30,000 years of feeding, and we have rich wild germplasm resources and strong cultural heritage.
It is the "golden fruit of getting rich" in the hands of farmers and friends in the early 21st century, and the "king of vitamin C" in the mouth of consumers.
Although the time for commercial planting and industrialization of kiwifruit in China is not long, it has become the country with the largest planting scale and the largest total output in the world.
On the other hand
Although kiwifruit is a unique fruit native to China, the first to industrialize it is the southern hemisphere country of New Zealand, and the industrialization of kiwifruit in China has been developed for less than 50 years.
The "golden fruit of getting rich" in the early 21st century now makes the income of most farmers engaged in the kiwifruit industry worrying; the former "king of vitamin C" has now become an "inferior fruit" that many consumers have criticized and written.
Although the planting area is large, the average yield per mu and unit income are far lower than the world average; although the total annual output is high, the proportion of high-quality fruits is relatively small and the import volume of kiwi fruit has remained above 110,000 tons in the past three years, while the export volume is hovering around 10,000 tons, and the import and export difference is nearly 10 times.
At present, the situation of the development of China's kiwifruit industry is like we have the resources to build rockets but step by step have made a business of selling "flying monkeys" (the south seems to be called "sky cannons"), which can be described as extremely embarrassing.
Recently, I have had a lot of contact with friends in all aspects of the Kiwifruit industry, and there have been in-depth exchanges, and the most mentioned question is: How to change the current situation of the decline of China's kiwifruit industry?
Friends in different links stand at different angles and in different situations and give many different answers.
When discussing agricultural issues, I usually strike the Internet, and in reality, I only promise, listen more and talk less, so I don't express my opinions.
Write an article to share with you my thoughts.
I think that China's kiwi industry wants to change the status quo of the decline, with emotions to say that it is difficult to ascend to the sky, and it takes time to take a step back.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" > the kiwifruit industry that is "big but not strong"</h1>
The development of China's kiwifruit industry began in the 1970s, which has been nearly half a century than new Zealand, Italy, the United States and other Europe and the United States.
After the 1990s, the industry entered a period of rapid development, I checked the relevant data of FAO, in 2000, China's kiwifruit planting area has reached 1.05 million mu, when the planting scale has ranked first in the world (the total output is New Zealand).
Subsequently, to 2013 (2.4225 million mu), the domestic kiwifruit planting area has been on the rise, and the planting area of kiwifruit has covered more than 20 provinces in China, of which Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and Henan planted area ranked in the top five, and Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces alone accounted for more than 60% (2017 data).
After 2013, the planting area of kiwifruit began to fluctuate, shrinking to 2.175 million mu in 2014, peaking at 2.9625 million mu in 2016, then falling by nearly 500,000 mu in 2017 (2.49 million mu), and then showing an upward trend until 2020.
In 2020, China's kiwifruit planting area reached 2.895 million mu, accounting for more than 68% of the world's total planting area, and the total output reached 2.219 million tons, accounting for 50% of the world's total output.
From the data point of view, in a relatively short development time, China's kiwifruit industry has developed into the first of the double materials in planting scale and total annual output, and the industry has achieved the word "big", which is beyond reproach.
But "big" is useless, but also to achieve "strong", China's kiwifruit industry is "not strong", and can even be said to be "relatively weak".
"Not strong" is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First of all, the unit yield is low, the average yield of kiwifruit in China is much lower than the world level, this is not a casual statement by the farmer, we can take the data of 2020 as an example. Nearly 70% of the planting area only produces 50% of the fruit, and 30% of the planting scale of other countries in the world produces 50% of the fruit, with an average yield of high per mu.
Some friends who are engaged in the cultivation of kiwifruit may question, because the kiwi fruit on the Internet has four or five thousand pounds per mu, and I will not explain too much about this problem, it is the same as the per capita annual salary of millions on the Internet.
Secondly, the unit price of fruit is low, a pound of domestic kiwi fruit money can not buy a New Zealand kiwi fruit situation abounds, low yield, low unit price, engaged in kiwifruit cultivation of fruit farmers how can have high returns? What is the use of a 10 million mu scale that does not make money?
In addition, the trade deficit is large, China will import a large amount of kiwi fruit from New Zealand, Chile, Italy and other countries every year, but the export volume is very small, from the quantitative point of view, the difference in recent years is more than 10 back, and the gap in money is even greater.
Then, there are no big brands, New Zealand has "Jiapei", Italy has "Jingold", and we don't, of course you can also mention "Jiawo", it is really good, but it is far from the level of those big multinational brands.
No big brand means that our kiwifruit is only produced in Shaanxi and Sichuan, and if it is eaten well, it is said that the Shaanxi production is awesome, and if it is not good, it is said that the Shaanxi production is too poor, which is not conducive to the industry to become stronger.
Therefore, the current kiwifruit industry in China is showing a state of "big but not strong" decline.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > the "internal and external troubles" of the kiwifruit industry</h1>
Many friends may say that I am too emotional and too extreme to describe the domestic kiwifruit industry that has reversed the decline as "difficult as ascending to the sky". Mixed emotions I think, the main is also hate iron not steel, as for the extreme, I think there is no, let's look at the current "internal and external troubles" of domestic kiwifruit.
Let's look at "internal worries" first
First of all, the planting end is a mess, on the seedlings, we have the richest wild kiwi germplasm resources, but so far there is no second to none kiwi commodity species, and there are unscrupulous seedling merchants to make trouble, fruit farmers are pitted, orchards are messy. Obviously, high-quality commodity varieties will not be able to breed for a while and a half, and unscrupulous seedling merchants will not be able to get rid of them for a while and a half;
Management, I went to a lot of production areas, a large part of the park to be honest shocking, frequent ulcer disease, everywhere is the inferior fruit trees, not to mention making money, less loss point is earned.
Secondly, the reputation is a mess, and now when it comes to kiwifruit, consumers think of nothing else, just two words - "early harvest", to put it bluntly, it is a bad reputation.
Whether it is "early fruit picking" or not, as long as consumers eat early kiwifruit, goodbye and kiwi fruit are inferior fruits that are "rotten and not soft, and have a weak taste".
At present, the early harvesting of kiwifruit is repeatedly prohibited, and it is difficult for you to persuade those who only look at the immediate interests.
In addition, there are many "internal worries", which are not mentioned repeatedly.
Look at "external troubles" again
First of all, the international patent for agricultural products is getting more and more serious, New Zealand sunshine golden fruit, the defendant was fined a huge amount of money is the best example, and then want to introduce people's excellent varieties, you have to see people let not let the seeds, let the seeds then how much people have to charge.
Secondly, the international market of kiwifruit, China and New Zealand, Italy and other countries is not only the gap in export volume, in recent years, China's kiwi fruit export volume has grown but too flat, while other kiwifruit export countries, people are not only exporting year by year, but the industry is getting more and more perfect, so the gap with us is getting bigger and bigger, chasing, it is difficult.
Although the logic of solving the problem is simple, to reverse the decline of China's kiwifruit industry, it is necessary to make up for the deficiency, but under the attack of China's kiwifruit industry under the attack of internal and external troubles, we have deficiencies from the beginning to the end, from planting to selling, and each "deficiency" is difficult to solve, adding up to not as difficult as ascending to the sky.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" > written at the end: Time required</h1>
Inong mentioned earlier that "it is as difficult as ascending to heaven", and a large part of it is the hatred of iron and steel as an agricultural person.
Fade the emotions, rationally speaking, is not one "deficiency" after another
Let's make up for it one by one, of course it will take time
It is best to say something intimate, based on various objective factors, I am personally very optimistic about the development of kiwifruit, so it is difficult not to be afraid, who has passed this difficulty, who can make money.
So come on, Chinese kiwi industry people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="59" > like articles about the three rural areas, agriculture, planting, rural life, plant science and other types, then please pay attention to, like @ Yinong to see the world will continue to share what I know, learn, see to everyone. </h1>
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