Recently, a movie called "Chang'an Dao" is about to be released, which is adapted from Haiyan's novel "Chang'an Thief", which tells the story of Zhao Hongyu, an anti-drug policeman, who in order to participate in cracking a cultural relics theft case, under the cover of the cultural relics brigade Shao Kuancheng, disguised as an undercover agent, and came to his father, Wan Zhenggang, an expert in Tang history, whom he had not seen for many years, to investigate the story of his wife Lin Baiyu.
After watching the on-demand screening, many viewers gave praise, indicating that the plot was confusing and very exciting. Many people are also curious about the Wu Huifei case mentioned in the film, what is the case of the largest tomb robbery case after the founding of the People's Republic of China?
01 Hunt down the tomb robbers and pull out a national treasure land
It all started with a mass report in 2006.
The Xi'an Municipal Cultural Relics Investigation Brigade received a report from the masses to hunt down a tomb robbery suspect named Yang Bin. For Xi'an, an ancient city with many cultural relics, the number of tomb robberies is so large that in the eyes of the police, they are basically small fights. This time, however, is different.
When the police found the den of Yang Bin's gang, they found a mobile hard disk in the secret room of the den, which stored more than 1,000 photos of cultural relics, which should be used by tomb robbers to show buyers.
While browsing the photos, a huge and special stone house caught the attention of the police. According to the identification of cultural relics experts, this stone house is one of the best stone rafters found at that time.
The stone rafter is a large sarcophagus that was set on the outside of the wooden coffin when the ancients were buried, and the burial tools used by the ancient royal family are a symbol of status. However, not all imperial relatives are eligible to use, basically belong to the exclusive use of the empress, so it is very rare. In other words, the stone rafter in the picture is definitely a stunning national treasure!
This conclusion immediately attracted the attention of various departments, and began to conduct verification and search from multiple channels. Kung Fu pays off, the police in the collation of the recent tomb robbery case, found a photo very similar to Yang Bin's hard disk, after all aspects of comparison, experts identified these 2 tombs as the same tomb. With this direction, the source of the stone rafters also slowly surfaced - the Tang Dynasty tombs in Pangliu Village.
02 The damage is serious, and the identity of the owner of the tomb is a mystery
Relevant experts immediately rushed to Pangliu Village, and what came into sight was a large earthen bag, and there were some robbery holes near the earth bag, and it seemed that the earth bag was the sealing soil of this large tomb. After the experts' investigation, it was finally concluded that the tomb was about 12 meters deep, and the scale of the burial chamber was very large, about 6 meters long and wide, and about 7 meters high, which was the largest single-chamber tomb in the Tang Dynasty and also a royal tomb.
Tombs
However, little remains of the tomb's theft, and experts can only determine the identity of the tomb's owner by examining the remaining murals on the walls. The information on the mural can only determine that this is the tomb of tang xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty during the Kaiyuan Tianbao period, and it is impossible to unlock the specific identity of the owner of the tomb.
mural
The turnaround occurred in 2008, when archaeologists carried out rescue excavations of this mysterious Tang tomb. After 10 days of preliminary general investigation, 7 patios were "stuck" from the cemetery. It should be known that the Tombs of the Tang Dynasty have not found that they are higher than 7 patios before, and even the tomb of Prince Zhanghuai has only 5 patios. That is to say, the burial here must be an important figure of the empress level, and this tomb can only be the tomb of the empress.
ceiling
This also made the experts embarrassed, Tang Xuanzong only had one empress Wang, and this was obviously not her tomb. At this time, some experts Proposed By Xiaoqun that this tomb should belong to Wu Huifei.
Tang Xuanzong was affectionate but also devoted, and before Yang Guifei, his favorite was Concubine Wu Huifei, and even posthumously honored her as Empress Zhenshun after her death. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb, there is indeed the word "chastity". The owner of the tomb finally came out of the water, that is, Wu Huifei, and this tomb is a jingling tomb.
According to historical records, Wu Huifei's father was Wu Youzhi the Prince of Heng'an, his mother was Lady Yang of Zhengguo, and her aunt was empress Wu Zetian, who was full of power. However, it was because of the lessons of her aunt that although Princess Wu Huifei was favored by Tang Xuanzong for decades and gave birth to four sons and three daughters, she encountered unified opposition inside and outside the imperial court and never became empress.
After Princess Hui's death, although Emperor Xuanzong posthumously gave her the title of empress, Empress Zhenshun, buried in Jingling, and set up a temple to sacrifice, but the murder of the three princes was well known, and during the Qianyuan Dynasty, all empress shrines were abolished by Emperor Suzong of Tang, and Emperor Tang of Tang abolished her title of Empress Zhenshun on the throne.
Excavated artifacts
03 Double happiness is at the door, and the national treasure is expected to return home
At the same time as the archaeology made major discoveries, the Xi'an police also received gratifying news. Police learned that Mr. Shi had been sold to an American antique dealer for $1 million, and that a Hong konger could contact him. After the Xi'an police contacted the Hong konger, the other party was very cooperative and expressed his willingness to assist the police in recovering cultural relics.
After consultation with this Hong Kong friend, the agent of the American antique dealer finally agreed to face-to-face negotiations with the Xi'an police and the staff of the Shaanxi History Museum. On November 28, 2009, Han Qinglong, head of the Cultural Relics Investigation Brigade of the Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Bureau, Cheng Xu, deputy director of the Shaanxi History Museum, and Shi Xiaoqun, director of the Cultural Relics Collection Office, came to Hong Kong and met with the agents of American antique dealers.
Han Qinglong said, "In 1995, the International Association for the Unification of Justice adopted the Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Relics. The Convention stipulates that stolen cultural objects shall be unconditionally returned to the stolen countries for a period of 75 years, and both China and the United States are parties to the Convention. In other words, even if the American buyer is reluctant to return the stone rafters, China can also recover the artifacts through Interpol. ”
Under the legal treaty, buyers began to waver. He wanted to return the stone rafters in the name of donation, but the Chinese representative disagreed. The fact that the stone rafters were recovered in accordance with international law must not be ambiguous.
On March 4, 2010, the U.S. buyer finally agreed to unconditionally return the stone rafters. On March 7, the stone rafters were loaded on a ship in Florida, USA. On April 17, the stone rafters arrived in Guangzhou for the corresponding customs procedures. On April 29th, Shi Liang, who had been living outside for many years, returned to Xi'an!
For more than a month after the stone rafters arrived in Xi'an, cultural relics experts have been carrying out intensive cultural relics restoration and assembly work. Due to the size of the stone rafters, the tomb robbers split it into 31 stone slabs, and the five roof plates were also damaged in 3 pieces, and only one fragment was found at the scene, but this fragment has been successfully assembled onto the stone rafter.
Today, this stone rafter is quietly showing its indomitable fate to the world in the Shaanxi History Museum. Although recovered by the public security organs, the exquisite murals in the tomb were destroyed and the losses were difficult to recover. The traces of these destructions tell the shamelessness of the tomb robbers and the unremitting efforts of the country for the recovery of cultural relics!
Recovered stone rafters
04 is not a tomb robbery movie, focusing on the cultural relics police
With the popularity of some tomb robbery novels in recent years, young people's understanding of cultural relics crimes is not clear enough, and they do not understand the names of Lieutenant Touching Gold, Moving Mountain RoadMan, etc., in fact, behind these titles are tomb robbery, that is, burglary! And the destruction of cultural relics brought about by each tomb robbery is terrible.
This film is not a tomb robbery movie, but to expose the ugly face of cultural relics offenders, focusing on the special police force of the cultural relics police for the first time, truly portraying this group of unsung heroes who were born and died to protect the history of the country.
Stone rafters on display in the Shaanxi History Museum
Article 328 of the Criminal Law clearly stipulates that "the crime of excavating ancient cultural sites and ancient tombs" is clearly stipulated, that is, whoever excavates ancient cultural sites or tombs with historical, artistic and scientific value shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years;
For a long time, public security organs and cultural relics departments have always regarded tomb robbery as the primary direction of cracking down on cultural relics crimes, and have made unremitting efforts to crack down hard. In some areas where ancient ruins and tombs are densely populated, the offensive and defensive battles between tomb robber gangs and public security cadres and cultural relics protection workers are staged almost every day. In order to protect these precious cultural heritage, frontline personnel often face personal threats from tomb robbery gangs, and even the muzzle of the black hole hole.
Therefore, tomb robbery is not worth beautifying, tomb robbery is not "illegal", but a crime!