Li Shangyin was a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, and together with Du Mu, he was called "Little Li Du", and his literary achievements in the poetry circle of the Tang Dynasty were second only to Li Bai Dufu, and he was also the first group of characters. In his short life, he left many classic famous sentences, and for thousands of years he chanted incessantly, "No color phoenix with two wings, and a sharp heart", "He Dang cut the candle in the west window, but when it rains at night on the mountain", etc., which deeply touched the hearts of generations of readers.
However, after all, Li Shangyin is a man and not a god, and there will be times when he loses his hand. Among his many poems, one of them once lost its hand "the horse lost its front hoof", and the bad reviews for thousands of years were so tidal that it was unanimously refuted by later generations, and it was almost criticized to the point of being complete. The theme of this poem is related to Li Mao, the crown prince of Tang Xuanzong.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang had a crown prince, Li Mao( li mao), who was once the star of hope for the Tang Dynasty. His birth mother was Tang Xuanzong's favorite Concubine Wu Hui. Before Yang Guifei entered the palace, the gorgeous and astute Concubine Wu Hui was the most beloved woman of Tang Xuanzong Li Longji. Concubine Wu Huifei was shrewd and fierce, taking advantage of Tang Xuanzong's spoiling of her, and performed a conspiracy and trickery to eliminate Empress Wang and Crown Prince Li Ying, and step by step to help her son Li Mao to the crown prince's throne.
Just when Li Mao was only one step away from the crown prince's throne, in 737 AD, Concubine Wu Huifei suddenly fell seriously ill and cried out for her life, and Li Mao's path to the crown prince also came to an abrupt end, and she lost her hand with the position of prince. What was even more unfortunate was that the blessing was incomparable to the misfortune, and another flying disaster befell him.
Yang Yuhuan, the princess of Li Mao, the King of Shou, was a beautiful woman of the national color and heavenly fragrance, and had a good relationship with Li Mao. After Tang Xuanzong saw Yang Yuhuan, he was overwhelmed by it, and actually violated the Renren Avenue, and in October of the twenty-eighth year of the new century (740), in the name of Xuanzong's mother Empress Dou, he forced Yang Yuhuan to leave the family, and in the fourth year of Tianbao (745), he welcomed Yang Yuhuan into the harem for himself, creating a famous scandal in the history of the Tang Dynasty.
As the biggest victim of this incident, Li Mao, the king of Shou, can imagine the deep pain, resentment, shame and helplessness in his heart. But it was no one else who took away his beloved, but his father, who could only bury his heart deeply in pain.
Many poets of the Tang Dynasty used this incident as a theme to satirize Tang Xuanzong's absurd behavior. Li Shangyin also wrote a similar poem "Lishan Has a Feeling", the whole poem is as follows: "Li Xiu FeiQuan is full of warm incense, and Kowloon cares for the jade lotus room." PingMing every fortunate immortal hall, not from the Jin Yu only Shou King. ”
The poem is easy to understand and depicts a scene in which the aroma of Lishan Hot Springs is full of aroma and luxurious decoration, and Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei linger in it. Imperial relatives and Manchu Wenwu also tended to follow Li Longji's Golden Dragon Dragon, but li Mao, the King of Shou, was not seen. By implicitly expressing the dissatisfaction and resentment of Li Mao, the king of Shou, he exposed the ugliness of Tang Xuanzong.
Who knew that this poem was written and passed on to future generations, but for thousands of years it was jointly badly evaluated by literary critics in later generations, which can be said to be a continuous bad review, almost sprayed to the skin, and became the most disappointing poem of Li Shangyin.
The Song Dynasty scholar Fan Xiwen believed that this poem "shows the evil of the king, and the meaning of righteousness is at peace." Feeling that this poem is too abrupt and direct, and does not conform to the etiquette of "gentle implication", the Qing Dynasty scholar Ji Xiaolan believes that this poem: "It is not only less subtle, but also obedient and elegant, so the poem does not do anything, and it is appropriate to hang the precepts of this", and felt that this poem is too straightforward and vulgar, and should be regarded as a negative teaching material for failure.
There are many others, such as the scholar Zhu Yizun who believes that this poem is too "shallow and straight", the literary scholar He Zhuo who believes that "the last sentence is too revealing", and the poet Qu Fu believes that "this poem can not be written, that is, it should be written without revealing." Look at what kind of semantic meaning Shaoling has whenever he is in Tianbao, then the ugliness of the righteous mountain is not self-evident", simply think it is better not to write. The literati Pan Deyu believed that "Shang Yin loves to learn Du Shi, and there are such rampant places in Du Shi."
It can be seen that this poem is indeed Li Shangyin's work of "horse lost its front hoof". However, the flaws do not hide Yu, Li Shangyin's life's works are equal, and it is normal to occasionally fail, which does not affect his lofty position in the history of Tang Dynasty literature.
References: "Night Talk to the Bed", "Copying Poems or Asking", "Yang-Zhai Poetry"