China's four major museums, located in Beijing, Xi'an, Nanjing, Shanghai, including: first, the Palace Museum, the museum with the largest collection of mainland china; second, the Shaanxi History Museum, all of which are cultural relics excavated in Shaanxi; third, the Nanjing Museum, mainly based on historical relics excavated in Jiangsu; fourth, the Shanghai Museum, known for its collection of fine works of Chinese art from past dynasties.
The Nanjing Museum, one of the four major museums in China
First, the Palace Museum, the museum with the largest collection in the mainland
Among the four major museums in China, the Palace Museum is undoubtedly the largest and most collected museum, and the longest architectural history. As the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City, built in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420), has a history of more than 600 years, and its grand scale of the Forbidden City complex is itself a unique historical and cultural relics treasure, which is incomparable.
In 1925, the Forbidden City was transformed into the Palace Museum
Of course, as a museum, the number and value of cultural relics of the Palace Museum itself is also second to none, the cultural relics collected by the Forbidden City, mainly the palace treasures of the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of cultural relics is as high as more than 1.86 million pieces, of which 8273 first-class cultural relics (sets), ranking first among all museums in the country, among which the paintings in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gu Kaizhi's "Luoshen Futu", the calligraphy works in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Festival", and more than 10,000 pieces of pre-Qin bronzes, most of which are the best and orphan products of the sea in the sea. Therefore, it was rated as a World Cultural Heritage.
Panoramic view of the Palace Museum
Second, the Shaanxi History Museum is a cultural relics and treasure excavated from Shaanxi
Compared with the 5,000-year-old cultural relics collected by the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Shaanxi History Museum mainly features locally unearthed cultural relics. People say: the aboveground cultural relics look at Shanxi, the underground cultural relics look at Shaanxi, the Shaanxi Provincial History Museum, is the classic portrayal of this sentence, the famous bronzes, terracotta warriors, pottery figurines and other cultural relics of the Qin and Han Dynasties in Chinese history, here are comprehensively displayed.
A complete view of the Shaanxi History Museum
Xi'an as the ancient capital of the Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and other thirteen feudal dynasties, buried a large number of cultural relics underground, including the terracotta warriors that have been excavated, the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin, etc., these extremely precious historical relics, are fully displayed in the Shaanxi History Museum, the number of cultural relics in the entire museum is as high as more than 1.71 million pieces, the number of first-class cultural relics is 762 pieces, it can be said that a Shaanxi History Museum, you can see the whole picture of China's five thousand years of history, including gilded dancing horsebit cup silver pot, The treasures of the top ten town halls, such as the golden bowl of Tang Mandarin duck lotus petal pattern and the agate cup of Tang Beast's head, are not to be missed.
Shaanxi Pavilion Zhenguan Treasure Tang Beast Head Agate Cup
Third, the Nanjing Museum is mainly based on historical relics excavated in Jiangsu
Jiangsu is the birthplace of Jiangnan civilization, where the Qinglianggang culture, Liangzhu culture, Hushu culture and many other ancient cultures were born, and Nanjing is the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and the characteristics of the Nanjing Museum are covering the cultural relics excavations and ancient civilizations and artistic treasures of Jiangsu Province, to understand the history and culture of Jiangsu Province, the Nanjing Museum is not to be missed.
The Nanjing Museum in imitation of the Yuan style
In fact, the starting point of the Nanjing Museum was very high, in 1933, as the capital of the Republic of China government at that time, under the initiative of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, the "National Central Museum" was prepared, which is the predecessor of the Nanjing Museum, that is to say, the museum was first prepared as a national museum. Today, there are 430,000 pieces (sets) in the Nanjing Museum, of which 370,000 are precious cultural relics (sets), ranking second in China, second only to the Palace Museum. Of course, the Nanjing Museum has a characteristic layout of one courtyard and six museums, the main cultural relics to reflect the civilization and art of Jiangsu region, the treasures of the town museum include the Neolithic "human face and animal face combination pattern jade", the Western Jin Dynasty celadon god beast zun, the Ming Dynasty Xuande Nian Qinghua Shoushan Fuhai pattern porcelain furnace, at the same time here you can also see the Original "Ward Off Evil" of the Nanjing City Symbol.
The treasure of the Nanbo Town Hall, the Western Jin Dynasty Celadon Divine Beast
Fourth, the Shanghai Museum is famous for its collection of fine works of Chinese art from past dynasties
Shanghai's port opening history is not long, the rise of the time is only a short hundred years, Shanghai can develop from a small fishing village to a world-renowned "magic capital" in a hundred years of history, one of the important reasons is its ability to absorb hundreds of rivers, can absorb the strengths of civilization and culture around the world, develop their own urban culture, Shanghai Museum, is one of the classic representatives.
The Shanghai Museum in Shanghai People's Square
As the museum with the shortest history and the latest construction time among the four major museums in China, the positioning of the Shanghai Museum is "art" as the core, the new museum of the whole exhibition hall was completed in 1993, the collection of cultural relics has nearly one million pieces, this million cultural relics, but the collection of art masterpieces from all over the country, mainly including bronzes, sculptures, ceramics, calligraphy, seals, paintings, etc., of which mi Fu's multi-jinglou poetry book, Zhao Shuo's true grass health theory volume, the Song Dynasty's "Chunhua Ge Ti", etc., are the treasures of the town museum. They are also art treasures from all over the country.
Shanghai Museum Treasure Song Dynasty's "Chunhua Pavilion"
It should be said that these museums, which are listed as the four major museums in China, have their own characteristics, among which the Palace Museum is the largest and has the richest collection; the Shaanxi History Museum takes the locally unearthed cultural relics and treasures as the main focus; the Nanjing Museum takes the civilization and art of the Jiangsu region as the main display object; and the Shanghai Museum's collection is mainly characterized by artworks from all over the country. Different museum positioning has created the unique value and style of these four museums.