Listen to Professor Zhang Xiangkui of Northeast Normal University talk about the psychological development of children and adolescents

What is psychological development? Professor Zhang said in the lecture that "refers to the continuity and systematic change of the individual from conception to death", which has two key words "continuity" and "systematicness" to tell us that there is a certain regularity in the process of life development, and there is a continuous progression and circular development process.

1. Children's psychological development

Some of the views that Professor Zhang talked about in this class, I think there is a big difference from the current educational situation of urgent utilitarian education, she said, "Once the physiological preparation for this action is completed, the training can play a multiplier effect with half the effort, and the early training does not have much effect on the results."

I have a deep understanding of this sentence, has not always advocated that students accept things that do not match the school age group, should be at the age of play prematurely to receive high-intensity knowledge training, not only for their future growth is not good, but also exacerbates their fear of learning.

Learning is the relatively lasting changes that an individual produces through emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and it is usually only a narrow understanding of acquiring written knowledge and consolidating test scores. In the theoretical model of learning, I see that children's learning is affected by external evaluation, which can stimulate their internal motivation and generate the desire and strength to learn deeply.

Unlimited praise and rewards do not have a positive effect on learning itself. Learning is a unique task of the individual, it is to follow the rules, there is a sense of responsibility and mission, although we are also advocating in the family education to encourage companionship, role model guidance, but due to the children's inner development is the need for them to complete and sublimate, we as parents can not replace them to experience the inevitable tribulations and setbacks on the road to growth.

Psychologist Piaget pointed out that people's cognitive development goes through four stages:

0-3 years old, for the perceptual motor stage. Establishing a good attachment relationship with the family and thus extending trust in the world is the focus of the work at this stage, of course, provided that the family relationship needs to be extremely stable.

3-7 years old, for the pre-operation stage. This stage will use symbolic thinking, internal representations increase, like to see things from their own point of view, is a critical period to cultivate imagination and creativity, to properly develop and create symbolic games that conform to the laws of children's growth, so as to guide the development of creative language.

7-11 years old, specific operation stage. At this stage, the cognitive structure of children has been reorganized and improved, thinking has a certain elasticity, but still need the support of specific affairs, children can not carry out abstract logical thinking, and the observance of rules is still more rigid.

11 years old – adult, formal arithmetic stage. At this stage, children's thinking is carried out in the form of propositions, and can develop the relationship between propositions, using "hypothesis-deduction" reasoning, with the ability of systematic thinking, to be able to perceive the attention of others, and to use rules flexibly.

Second, the psychological development of adolescents

For the definition of adolescents, Professor Zhang mentioned in the lecture that "junior high school students are in adolescence, and high school students are in the early stages of youth", in short, adolescents include the entire middle school stage.

Because this stage is in the second peak period of physical and mental development, the parent-child relationship encounters unprecedented challenges, especially because of the contradictions and conflicts caused by academic problems, if not handled well, it will directly increase the communication and maintenance costs in the later stage. We can't unilaterally eliminate the freedom of learning and interaction during adolescence, and I found a common reason for the troubles of adolescents in Professor Zhang's video.

On the one hand, it comes from the impact of children's physical maturity on psychology, with the gradual maturity of the first feature, the second feature also begins to appear, children's lack of sexual knowledge, resulting in the inability to correctly handle the proportions of interaction with the opposite sex, ignorance of emotions can not be stretched, it is easy to cause sexual anxiety, fear, is the main internal cause of the rise of juvenile sexual crimes.

On the other hand, it comes from the contradictions generated by the process of psychological development, such as: wanting to be independent, but in some ways having to rely on the family; wanting to have their own enclosed space, but also needing the open companionship of the family; wanting to establish a brave and proud image, but based on the family, the inferiority and cowardly heart formed by the family and personality are always affected; sometimes nostalgic for the carefree childhood, sometimes yearning for the free independence of adulthood.

There is also the contradiction that existed in the quality of thinking that continues to expand. It has its own critical proposition for the thinking activities of traditional concepts, and it is necessary to rely on beautiful design in real life.

Beware of the self-illusions that arise at this stage, the blind worship and overconfidence of individual behavioral consciousness, which are a harbinger of the onset of depression. When there is a serious gap between reality and imagination, the veto and doubt of the self become the tormented master of the spiritual world. How children grasp the balance between freedom and equality, rights and status, is what we urgently need to skillfully intervene and guide in this period.