Poetry, in addition to chanting and romance, can also be used for speech.
But many times, the emotions of the ancients are implicit, a poem, appearing in the eyes of the world is not only the literal meaning, but also contains a profound ideological connotation, which needs to be understood by the reader himself and perceived by himself.
Therefore, if we deviate from the background of the poet's time and only understand it literally, we will be confused by the surface of the poem and will not be able to appreciate the heroic feeling in the depths of the poet's heart.
For example, Wang Anshi, a great writer of the Song Dynasty who was listed as one of the eight great families of the Tang and Song dynasties, wrote a poem called "Yuan Ri".
At first glance, this is only a lively and joyful festival scene depicting the first day of the Chinese New Year, in the holiday firecrackers of the old and welcoming the new, the joy and details of the people's Spring Festival are full of strong breath of life.
In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su.
Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old charms.
However, is this really the realm of this poem only that? Wang Lang told you, of course not!
In fact, this "Yuan Ri" is Wang Anshi's Yanzhi poem, composed during the Spring Festival of the second year of Xi Ning (1069 AD), on the first day of the first lunar month.
The last sentence in the poem, "Always exchange the new peach for the old charm", is that Wang Anshi is making up his mind to himself, once the emperor agrees to preside over the new policy, then he must hold a determination to win, break the existing old system of the imperial court, and implement the new law to achieve the prosperity and strength of the Great Song Dynasty!
What this poem wants to express is actually that Wang Anshi is full of victory belief in the new law to be implemented, and at the same time, after the implementation of the new law, he is full of joy in improving the living standards of the people of the Great Song Dynasty and solving the bright future of the social crisis of the Great Song Dynasty!
Why? We have to understand the context in which the poem was written.
In April of the first year of The Xining Dynasty (1068 AD), Wang Anshi, who was then a scholar and attendant of Hanlin, accepted the summons of Emperor Zhao.
It was a great talk!
During this meeting, the two exchanged views on the current political, economic, and social domestic crises facing the Great Song Dynasty, as well as the international issues of border military conflicts brought about by the Northern Liao, Western Xia, and Tibet.
Wang Anshi's bamboo in his chest and Wang Anshi's talk left a deep impression on Emperor Zhao Yan!
This is the talent that the Great Song needs, and this is the talent that the Great Song needs.
Zhao Yan seemed to have grasped a life-saving straw as if a drowning man had grasped it, and he very emotionally and very sincerely invited Wang Anshi to join his central staff camp and solve the crisis for himself, in order to make The Song rich and strong!
In April of the first year of The Xining Dynasty, the dynasty was founded. Entering the right, the emperor asked the first to rule, and said: "Choosing the art is the first." Emperor Yue: "What about Tang Taizong?" "Your Majesty is Fa Yao and Shun, why should Emperor Taizong be his wife?" The way of Yao and Shun is simple and not annoying, to be necessary and not to be pedantic, to be easy and not to be difficult. But the eschatological scholars could not inform, thinking that the high was out of reach. Emperor Yue: "Qing can be said to blame the jun, and he looks at himself as a stoop, and I am afraid that he will not be able to do so by the vice secretary." It can be known that it is easy to assist the shu and the same way. "--- History of the Song Dynasty. Biography of Wang Anshi
It cannot be denied that Zhao Yan is eager to implement the new law.
Because at this time, the Great Song is like a bloated fat man, if you do not lose weight, then the scene of prosperity on the surface is like a bubble after all, and it will burst at a poke!
Internally, the "three redundancies" problem is always a hurdle that the Great Song Mai cannot pass!
The Song Dynasty pursued the strategy of governing the country by civility, because of the great rejuvenation of the imperial examination and the implementation of the grace and shade system
"Those who are caught in the hands of a hundred officials are afraid of their inadequacy"
The policy of envelopment has resulted in a large and bloated bureaucracy, and the problem of "redundant personnel" is very serious.
The Great Song Dynasty adopted the principle of "strong cadres and weak branches, internal and external maintenance", so it established an armed force composed of the forbidden army deployed in the Beijing division and various localities, supplemented by local van troops, plus township soldiers in various places and border soldiers.
It is precisely because of the serious problem of redundant personnel and redundant soldiers that the financial expenditure of officials and the army has soared, and they also have to pay the old coins of the Northern Liao and Western Xia, coupled with the needs of the rulers for a luxurious life, they have to
"He whose wealth is taken from all the people does not leave him more than that",
As a result, the people were in difficulty, and the imperial court's financial income could not be met, and a serious problem of "redundant expenses" was formed.
Redundant personnel, redundant soldiers, redundant expenses, the three are interdependent and closely linked, which has created a situation in which the Great Song Dynasty is poor and weak.
Outside, the Northern Liao and Western Xia have always been eyeing the tiger.
Although northern Xinjiang exchanged peaceful coexistence with the Liao state through the alliance of the Liaoyuan, in the eyes of the Song people, the heart of the Liao state to swallow the Song had always existed, otherwise the Liao lord would not have taken advantage of the fire and looting when the Western Xia invaded the northwest frontier, and the qingli coin increase was the pain of the Song people.
In Western Xia, since Jingyou's fifth year (1038 AD) to break away from the Song Dynasty, several times to commit border crimes, the Battle of Sanchuankou, the Battle of Haoshuichuan, the Battle of Dingchuan Village, etc., the defeat of the Great Song Dynasty, is not only the heart of the Zhao officials, but also the shame of the Great Song scholars.
It is precisely in the face of such a crisis in the Great Song that two men who want to reverse the poor and weak situation of the Great Song walk together in this way, trying to construct a good story of Junming Chenxian.
Wang Anshi won the favor of Zhao Yan, the supreme ruler of the Great Song Dynasty, for his ability to perceive world affairs and observe the people's feelings, and for this reason, he made a fold to the emperor and pointed out the root cause of the existence of the Great Song Problem.
However, this dynasty has been following the evils of the last custom, and there is no discussion of relatives, friends and courtiers... The peasants were worse than servitude, but they did not try to see the special relief, and did not set up officials for them, so as to repair their water and soil interests. The soldiers are mixed with fatigue and old age, and they have not tried to train, and they do not choose generals for them, but they have long been in power. Su Wei gathered rogue people and did not change the custom of appeasement for five generations; the clan did not teach the truth of election, and did not have the appropriateness to kill the prince of Hexian. It is impossible to manage money, so although it is frugal, the people are not rich, and although it is worried and diligent, the country is not strong. --- "A Hundred Years of nothing happened in this dynasty"
It cannot but be said that Wang Anshi thoroughly saw the political, social, and economic crises of the Song Dynasty.
He gave a detailed answer to the reasons for the peace and uneventfulness of the Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, and analyzed the various drawbacks since the rule of Song Renzong, pointing out that the Great Song Dynasty seemed to have been uneventful for a hundred years on the surface, but in fact it was already full of crises, and all of this was caused by the fact that the Great Song bureaucracy was the result of conformism and self-sufficiency.
The only way to change the current predicament is to implement the New Deal!
His Majesty bows down to the quality of the holy, inherits the infinite, knows that the help of heaven is impermanent, and knows that the personnel cannot be neglected, then the time when there is great achievement is now. --- "A Hundred Years of nothing happened in this dynasty"
This is Wang Anshi's careful consideration, pros and cons, as well as the root of the problem, he has already elaborated on this book, depending on whether it is or not, it is all in Emperor Zhao.
What pleased Wang Anshi was that Zhao Hao was very determined to change the law and accepted his proposal to abolish the old system and implement the new policy. At this moment, he waited for 10 years after emperor Zhao Zhen made a fold in the third year of the emperor (1058 AD), the "Book of Ten Thousand Words of the Emperor", which systematically proposed innovative ideas to the rulers.
10 years of time, once realized, it is difficult for politicians who are determined to make some changes for the world, it is difficult to hide their inner joy.
But as a literati, you must know how to be subtle.
Therefore, in the Spring Festival of the second year of Xi Ning (1069 AD), on the first day of the first lunar month, watching every household in Tokyo busy with "new peaches for old charms", busy with "firecrackers for the old", busy with "warming into tusu", thinking that the future Song Dynasty was about to usher in an earth-shaking change, thus making the imperial court strong and the people becoming rich, and happily, a poem with Jing Yanzhi was naturally conceived.
Wang Anshi, a generation of masters!
concentrate:
Notes on the Twenty-Second History. The Thickness of Song Zhilu
[I am Jiangdong Wang Lang, bringing you a different historical vision!] Stick to the original, like me please pay attention to me! 】