#Song Dynasty# #宋朝皇帝 #
There are two "Shenzong" in the history of China's Great Unification Dynasty, namely The Song Shenzong Zhao Yan and the Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun. Coincidentally, these two Shenzongs carried out more famous reforms, namely the "Xining Transformation Law" of the Song Shenzong, also known as the "Wang Anshi Transformation Law", and the "Wanli New Deal" of the Ming Shenzong.
The two Divine Sects' changes ended in failure. The advocate of the change, Wang Anshi, was deposed, and Zhang Juzheng was exposed after his death.
Let's introduce song shenzong.
Emperor Shenzong Zhao, the eldest son of Emperor Yingzong, was born in the Palace of The Prince of Pu in the eighth year of the Qing Calendar (1048). In 1066, Emperor Yingzong, who was bedridden, made Zhao Yan crown prince, and at the beginning of the first month of the following year, Emperor Yingzong died of illness, and Zhao Yan took the throne, and the following year changed to Yuan Xining.
When Emperor Shenzong became crown prince, he admired Wang Anshi very much. After he ascended the throne, he immediately issued an edict, making Wang Anshi the prefect of Jiangning, and a few months later summoned him to beijing, serving as a scholar and attendant of Hanlin, and the following year he was promoted to the position of governor of Jiangning. In one year, Wang Anshi has been upgraded several levels in a row, which can be described as a rocket promotion.
With the strong support of Emperor Shenzong, Wang Anshi proposed and implemented a complete set of new laws, which mainly included three parts: a rich country, a strong army, and a reform of the imperial examination. Because the era name at that time was "Xining", it was called "Xining Change", and some people called it "Wang Anshi Change".
To a certain extent, the change of law has limited the exploitation of peasants by the powerful, improved the financial situation of the state, and strengthened the military strength, which is of very positive significance. However, because it touched the interests of some nobles, coupled with the shortcomings of the new law itself, it was opposed to an unprecedented fierceness. Even his friend Sima Guang and Su Rui, who had been promoted by Wang Anshi, joined the camp of the opponents, and Shenzong was exhausted by these people.
Under the pressure of the empress dowager of the two palaces and the relatives of the emperor, Emperor Shenzong deposed Wang Anshi twice, and he painstakingly supported the New Deal for ten years. During this period, he often took off his imperial clothes in the palace and changed into gold armor and armor to show his determination to enrich the country and strengthen the army.
The Divine Sect was very kind to the ministers, as could be seen from the bodies of Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu.
Su Shi was imprisoned for being framed by the counselors for the "Wutai Poetry Case", and due to the special political system of the Song Dynasty, many things could not be decided by the emperor alone, such as appointing empresses and crown princes, appointing or dismissing high-ranking officials, and even the emperor's own private life. All The Divine Sect could do was to do its best to excuse Su Shi and try to delay it. Later, under the interference of the empress dowager and Shenzong, Su Shi was released.
One day, during the imperial meeting, Yushi Jiang Zhiqi wrote a letter to impeach Ouyang Xiu, saying that he was not obedient and had an affair with his niece. Shenzong respected Ouyang Xiu's character and refuted Jiang Zhiqi on the spot with a "preconceived" personal attitude, and asked him to produce evidence. Where jiang had evidence to present about this kind of thing, he only said that he had learned it from Peng Siyong. In the end, Jiang Zhiqi and Peng Siyongju were demoted, and Emperor Shenzong saved Ouyang Xiu. The heart of love for talents, the courtiers obey.
On the side, Emperor Shenzong rebelled against Zhenzong's compromise and concessions to the Western Xia and Liao states, took a tough attitude toward his neighbors, and was determined to unify China. During his reign, he personally presided over two major military operations, one against the toe and one against the Western Xia.
Jiaotong, now northern Vietnam, has frequently invaded the song border since Emperor Renzong. In November of the eighth year of Xi Ning, Jiaotong dispatched an army of 60,000 to invade Guangxi. The Divine Sect sent Guo Kui to lead troops to resist the Jiaotong army, winning successive victories, and a month later invaded the Jiaotong country. King Li Qiande surrendered, and from then on, Jiaotong never dared to invade the Song Realm again.
Another war against Western Xia, the result was that the Song soldiers lost more than 200 people, 200,000 border people were taken captive by the Western Xia, and the Great Song had to return to the defensive position.
When the news of the defeat of the soldiers in the western battlefield reached the palace, Shenzong's heart was like a knife, and he could not sleep all night, pacing around the bed, often until dawn. When he was approaching the court, the Divine Sect wept silently, and the courtiers wept and wept, and did not dare or bear to look up. This battle dealt a great blow to the Shenzong Sect, and since then it has lost its fighting spirit, and its mental and physical qualities have deteriorated.
Soon after, at an autumn feast in the palace, when Emperor Shenzong raised a glass to greet Wang Anli, the prime minister, he suddenly felt that his hands were weak and he could not raise a glass, the wine spilled on the ground, his tongue was stiff, it was difficult to speak, and the banquet had to be terminated. Since then, Shenzong's body has deteriorated and he has finally become bedridden.
On March 5, 1988, this ambitious emperor died at the Funing Hall with his uncompetitive ambitions, at the age of thirty-eight.
The Divine Sect is a man of human nature and benevolence, and is true and filial. When he entered the palace to ask his mother Empress Gao and Empress Dowager Cao for peace, "I will serve all day, although the cold and heat will not change." "He is a king, he fears the auxiliary minister, he asks for direct words, he observes the feelings of the people, he is lonely, and he raises the elderly." During his reign for more than ten years, he did not rule the palace, did not visit, and worked hard, and only wanted to complete the reunification wish. The untimely death of Emperor Shenzong is indeed the regret of the Great Song Dynasty and the disaster of the people of future generations. If the Divine Sect had been able to take a holiday year, how could the change of Jing Kang have happened after forty years!
@Non-empty Original debut
Image from the web.
bibliography:
History of the Song Dynasty, The Complete Biography of Chinese Emperors.