Tip: Today, the study of the Daoyi and Yuan-Japanese wars, whether japanese scholars or Chinese scholars, are more at the military level, and there is little mention of the deep impression of Japanese culture on these two wars. That is to say, the two wars contributed to the Japanese spirit of Bushido and their worship of the "kamikaze" (typhoon).
Did Chinese invade Japan? The answer is yes, at least twice.
One was the Daoyi Invasion; the other was the Yuan-Day War.
The knife is in the womb and little is known. "Daoyi" means Dongyi, which is a derogatory term used by the Goryeo state on the Korean Peninsula for the foreigners in the north and northeast of Goryeo; "Kou" bandits or foreign invaders. Because this invasion is basically not mentioned in Chinese historical materials, and Japanese historical materials remember it very clearly, it also has the name of "Dao Yi Into Kou" in the Japanese record angle. Now, some of our historians refer to this incident as the "Daoyi Invasion", although it is only one word different from the Japanese record, but the "emotional factor" in it is already obvious.
The first time in Japanese history that the Kou was officially invaded by foreign forces, and the specific sources of Japanese records are the commentaries reported by the Japanese Dazaifu to the Japanese imperial court in that year, and the collection of poems from the late Heian period of Japan, "Asano Qunzai".
The time is: 1019. This year is three years of China's Song Zhenzong Tianxi and three years of Japan's Kuan Ren.
The specific experience is: On March 28, a fleet of more than fifty ships raided Tsushima with lightning speed, quickly captured the islands of Tsushima and Iki, killed Iki Morita, and killed all the inhabitants of the island. It can be seen that the Japanese living on the islands are not prepared, nor do they think that all foreign forces will invade them, and they have not even figured out who the invaders are, so they cannot talk about defense and resistance. On April 7, the Daoyi army landed on Silk Island in Chikuzen Yitu County, Kitakyushu. Caught off guard, the leaders of the neighboring Shima and Hayara counties were in disarray, and they did not even organize a defensive action, and fled the manor one after another. After plundering supplies, the Daoyi army burned down the houses after plundering the supplies, and then left in a big way.
Because it was a "big swing", the method of handling the captives was brutal: the Knife Army put the elderly and children to death, and then transported the able-bodied young people by boat and used them as slaves.
After this, the local Hao clan organized a counterattack. That is, a local Hao clan named Wenmu Zhongguang, taking advantage of the fact that a Daoyi army was not prepared, led his troops to counterattack and shot dozens of Daoyi troops. This counterattack also caused the Daoyi army to change the direction of its invasion, and the next day it shifted the direction of the plunder to the island of Noko in Nako County. On the morning of the ninth day, the Daoyi army ushered in a person named Dazang Zhongcai to resist, and Dazang Zhongcai led more than a dozen of his men to shoot back the Daoyi army with bows and arrows, and the following day there was a storm at sea, and the Daoyi army did not take military action, which also made the Japanese return to God.
Jurchen soldiers
On the eleventh day, before dawn, the Japanese Dazaifu secretly sent the defenders of Hayara Anda Anda Andumi to the garrison ship Etsu Wharf. On the second day, the battle resumed, and the hao chief, Caibu Hirohito, rode to the front of the daoyi army garrison to bend the bow and arrow, shot more than 40 people of the daoyi army, and returned to the main front. This made the Daoyi army somewhat panicked, coupled with the long-distance coming, the army was scattered, it was difficult to organize the force to attack again, so it had to choose to retreat by sea.
The Japanese Dazaifu army pursued with more than thirty ships, and the Daoyi army fled to Hizen Matsuura County. However, unlike before, Hizen Matsuura-gun was ready for battle, and the local Hao clan gathered in the township to meet the Daoyi army, shooting down dozens of Daoyi troops, forcing the Daoyi army to flee to the sea again. The Daoyi army was cruising along the coast for several days, and seeing that the coast was heavily guarded everywhere, the Dazaifu army at the Funakoshi Tsu Wharf was also waiting in a strict position, and there was no possibility of attacking and winning, so it had to choose to retreat. At this point, the "Daoyi into the Kou" incident, which lasted for more than ten days, ended, and the Japanese learned through interrogation of the captives that the invaders were not the Goryeo Army, but a foreign race called Daoyi, and according to the geographical orientation, they were the Jurchens in the Heilongjiang River Basin in northeast China.
Portrait of Kublai Khan
The Yuan-Japanese War was a war caused by the yuan emperor Kublai Khan and his vassal goryeo in 1274 and 1281, which were called "Yuankou" or "Mongol attacks" in Japan.
The background of the war was that after the Mongol Empire destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Kublai Khan, who was in charge of the affairs of the Southern Han Dynasty, took the throne in the Central Plains in 1260. In the same year, Goryeo Wonjong declared him vassal, and Goryeo became his eastern domain. In 1264, Kublai Khan dingding Yanjing, with the meaning of "Dazha Qianyuan" in the I Ching, established the Yuan Dynasty, with the capital of Dadu (present-day Beijing), and two years later asked Goryeo to send emissaries to Japan, hoping to "make peace" with Japan, and even wanted Japan to surrender, and to be as a vassal as Goryeo, but the Japanese did not do it, and even refused to see the emissaries sent by Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan thus launched a war.
In the first war, Kublai Khan sent more than 30,000 troops, and the second time used about 100,000 troops, and the scale of the war was much larger than the first. However, the results of both wars were defeats, and in both wars, many ships were damaged by typhoons, and many Yuan troops were drowned. Today's historians boil down the reasons for the defeat to two points: 1. The Yuan army is not adapted to naval warfare; 2. The Yuan army's warships have problems.
The reason why it is not suitable for naval warfare is simple and obvious, and we will not say more. The problem with warships goes something like this: At that time, the Yuan army put the Han people on the southern coast of China and the Goryeo people on the Korean Peninsula in charge of shipbuilding, and its rulers brutally oppressed the Han people on the southern coast and the Goryeo people on the Korean Peninsula, which led to the disgust of the two places for building military ships, and the result was that not only the quality of the ships built was problematic, but also the wrong ship type was deliberately used, resulting in the ship being easily damaged by typhoons, and the Mongols knew nothing about it.
After two wars, Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan again in 1286, but was frustrated by a simultaneous attack on the Tran Dynasty in the south, resulting in a lack of national strength.
Today, the study of the Daoyi and Yuan-Japanese wars, whether japanese scholars or Chinese scholars, are more at the military level, and there is little mention of the profound impact of these two wars on Japanese culture. That is to say, the two wars contributed to the Japanese spirit of Bushido and their worship of the "kamikaze" (typhoon).
Those familiar with Japanese history know that Bushido arose in Japan under the exclusive political background of the Fujiwara clan, and the formation of the samurai was associated with the collapse of the centralized system headed by the emperor and the development of the manor system. In the preceding text, we mentioned that the Jurchens killed Fujiwara when they invaded Iki Island, but the Fujiwara family was dazzling in Japan at that time, and the representative figure at that time was called Fujiwara Takaya. After The entry of Daii into the Kou, the Japanese imperial court rewarded the Dazaifu governor Fujiwara Takaya and other meritorious people, making the Fujiwara Takaya become a figure who repelled the invasion of Daoyi, became the first japanese figure to repel the enemy army landing on Japanese territory, and became famous for his martial arts.
Takaya Fujiwara
At the beginning of the 9th century, Japan's military service was changed to the "athlete system", which led to military service becoming an aristocratic dictatorship, so that the quality of the army plummeted. At this time, manor houses arose all over Japan, and the owners of the manor slowly separated some peasants for training for the sake of territory and security, and later simply let these farmers be responsible for the protection work, and some temples and shrines also organized "monks". But this form is actually a separate formation, and it is difficult to organize together in wartime, like a scattered sand. For the first time, the Japanese mainland was threatened by force from the mainland, and after that, the Japanese's state of fighting separately and fighting alone gradually decreased, and then formed a legionary military system based on the selection system, and the corps acted uniformly under the command of the commander, and the overall defense and combat capabilities of the army were invisibly increased.
Although there has been no shortage of individual heroism (samurai) in Japanese history, it is the warriors of the legionnaire system who are the true generation of samurai in Japan, that is, the samurai is sublimated by the status of hired killers here, and it becomes the concept of warriors to set survival. Similarly, although the term "Bushido" appeared in the last samurai rule in Japanese history, the Tokugawa shogunate, the true spirit of "Do" should also be given at this time.
By the time of the Yuan-Japanese War, Japanese samurai had already stepped onto the stage of history, and they despised the sluggish life of the nobles of the Heian Dynasty, advocating the idea of "loyalty to the king, righteousness, shame, courage and stoicism" as the core, combined with Confucianism, Buddhist Zen Buddhism, and Shinto, forming the spiritual pillar of the samurai "Bushido". But what is obvious is that the Yuan-Japan War gave "Bushido" another banner - "Kamikaze" - after the Yuan-Japan War, the Japanese shogunate found an excuse to continue to rule the country instead of handing over power to the emperor, and the Japanese also began to worship the "Kamikaze" because of this war, believing that there was always a powerful force in nature to bless their country, which made the "Way" of "Bushido" more mysterious. The flag could not be meaningless, and it was under the influence and revelation of the "kamikaze" that the Samurai of Japan later became more courageous, and extreme and cruel.
Now, it can be said that the two invasions of the Chinese have had a profound impact on Japanese culture and changed the fate of Japanese "samurai" and even Japan.
The pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!