Hua Tuo is Indian, not Chinese? What is the basis for Tsinghua Professor Chen Yinke? What about the facts
Hua Tuo, a famous chinese physician of the Three Kingdoms period, was a fellow countryman with Cao Cao and killed him. The story of this ancient divine doctor is well known to women and children in China. But is there really such a magical figure in history?
Chen Yinke, a master of modern Sinology and a professor at Tsinghua University, believes that Huatuo itself is a mythical story, and his story comes from Indian Buddhist legends. This story, like "Cao Chong called elephant", is an imported product from India.
Chen Yinke's basis
Mr. Chen Yinke suspected that Hua Tuo was a Tianzhu person, and believed that dissecting the human body was "the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was caused by Buddhist stories and mixed up and mixed.". There are many people who agree with this statement.
China has a long history of cultural contact with India, and Han Dynasty historical texts translate India as "body poison" or "Tianzhu". Since the Western Han Dynasty Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions (2nd century BC), Indian culture has flowed into China from the Silk Road. The title "India" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty Xuanzang's "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty".
Indian scholarship imported into China is called "Five Causes mingxue", of which "neiming" is Buddhism, and "medical prescription" is medicine. Historical records show that as far as medicine is concerned, it did spread to China along with Buddhism.
After the opening of the Western Road, many works on "medical prescriptions" in India were translated into Chinese, and many monks with extraordinary skills came to China.
During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a (Middle Indian) in the State of Wei named Tan Ke Jia Luo, who "studied the Four Wei Tuo Theories, the Wind and Clouds and the Stars, the Fortunes of the Map, and the Changes of Fortune, and Should Not Be Comprehensive" (Records of the Monks).
As one of the "Five Causes" scholarship in ancient India, the "Medical Fang Ming" is also gradually blowing to China with the shareholders of Buddhism.
Therefore, with the introduction of Indian Buddhism to China from the Eastern Han Dynasty until the heyday of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Chinese traditional Chinese medicine absorbed the beneficial parts of the "medical prescription" and developed rapidly.
In this process, Hua Tuo can be said to be a pioneer integrating Indian medicine and Chinese medicine. Mr. Chen Yinke has examined the word "Huatuo" corresponding to the Tianzhu language agada (medicinal character meaning), omitting the word "A", just as the province of "Arhat" is "Luohan". He believes that Hua Tuo was originally named "旉", which was later passed down as "Tuo".
Since Indian culture filled our country at that time, and the folk were more attached to Hindu myths and stories, it was not surprising that Hua Tuo was compared to the god of medicine.
It can be seen from this that the title of "Huatuo" itself is likely to be the title of Sino-Indian cultural exchange. "Hua Tuo" itself went beyond the meaning of the surname Hua Ming Tuo and became a name for the folk revered medicine god.
Other suspicious places
The Later Han Dynasty Book of Hua Tuo's biography describes Hua Tuo as "100 years old, and still with a strong appearance, when people think of himself as a fairy", and there are some historical records that Hua Tuo lived to 150 and 60 years old and still maintained a sixty-year-old appearance, these magical texts obviously affect the authenticity of other records about Hua Tuo.
In addition to the long life span, Hua Tuo's amazing surgical operation also makes people suspicious. According to the existing common sense, it is already surprising that internal organs surgery can be performed at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is even more impossible to use a sharp axe to do craniotomy.
In ancient times, there was no way to test blood types, nor could blood transfusions be given, so how to replenish the blood loss of patients in surgery? Craniotomy with an axe, not to mention how to master the force, no oxygen inhalation equipment, no cardiac pacing equipment, the success rate of surgery must be zero.
"Believe it or not, I believe it anyway!" For Hua Tuo's miraculous surgical operation, many TCM doctors believed it.
Their conjecture is that Hua Tuo once mastered the world's medical skills by self-study, and his surgical ability may have reached an ultra-modern level across versions. He can use oral hemp boiling powder for preoperative general anesthesia, can use acupuncture to stop bleeding, and can use some magical herb to reduce inflammation and prevent infection after surgery...
As for why the level of TCM surgery has regressed greatly after Hua Tuo, it is because before Hua Tuo died, he passed on the "Qing Sac Sutra" that collected the essence of his life's medical skills to the jailer, and this nest sac waste did not dare to accept it, so Hua Tuo burned the "Qing Sac Sutra" and Chinese medicine regressed greatly.
Hua Tuo had no master, completely self-taught, so why did not a Hua Tuo-style TCM surgical master appear for more than a thousand years? In this regard, some Chinese medicine explanations today are bound by feudal etiquette.
Under the influence of "the skin of the body, by the parents, do not dare to destroy", open the intestines and break the stomach, and finally filial piety. However, if Huahua had not performed many human dissections in those years, how could he have mastered the complex human body structure and brain structure?
How did he get so many bodies for dissection in the feudal era? Didn't local governments intervene? Is there no pressure from public opinion?
Anything that is stained with "God" is bound to be more literary than true. There may indeed have been a famous doctor named Hua Tuo in history, and later some people praised him as a divine doctor and insisted on adding oil and vinegar, so he became more and more like a non-human. Over time, it makes people wonder whether Hua Tuo was originally a virtual person.