<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > empty of the tears of heroes throughout the ages, the endless flow of the Yangtze River - the apocalyptic lament of Wuwei Yu surname Yuanliu and the loyal and courageous soldier Yu Que at the end of the Yuan</h1> Dynasty
First, Wuwei Yu surname, long history
The Yu surname is a multi-ethnic, multi-origin surname group, widely distributed, not only han surname, but also Mongolian, Manchu, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Yugu, Uyghur and many other ethnic minorities used surnames, including the emperor's surname and Sinicization to change the surname to a surname. It mainly originated from the Ji surname, after the Spring and Autumn Period Qin Dynasty Prime Minister Yu Yu (derived from the descendants of Xia Yu you yu of the Surname of Ji). Yu Assisted Qin Mu to dominate Xi Rong, and his descendants respected him as the ancestor of the Yu surname. By the Song Dynasty, the Yu surname was basically spread all over the country, and there were many talents.
The other is derived from the Yu surname of the Dang Xiang Qiang people, which belongs to the Sinicization of the surname, and is famous for the Yu Que of the Death Festival general at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the "Zhongxuan", and its descendants have been spread everywhere with Yu Que as the ancestor of the surname. After the migration of the large locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi during the Ming Hongwu period, the Yu surname not only spread throughout the north and south of the great river, but also had emigrants overseas. Yu surname County Wangtang mainly has Xin'an County, Xia Pi County, Wuwei County, etc., Hefei is the place where Yu Que grew, Wuwei is the place where Yu Que ancestors lived, to Wang Li Tang, Hefei because of the Yu clan Wangzu Yu Que "Zhongxuan" and zhongxuan hall.
2. Descendants of the Party and scholars
Yu Que is recognized as the ancestor of the Chinese Yu clan, who was a party member in his ancestors. The Dangxiang people originally lived in the Songfan grassland, and in the Tang Dynasty moved to the Hexi Corridor and the Ningxia area. During the Western Xia Dynasty, the party nobles and large households were distributed in Lingzhou and Xiliang province. In the autumn of 1226, the Mongols broke through the Western Liang Province, and the generals who guarded the army led their fathers and elders to surrender. Therefore, the Mongol army did not carry out large-scale killings of the people of Xiliang Province, and the large Families of the Dangxiang clan living here preserved their family property. Yu Que's ancestors were the Tang Wu people living in Wuwei, and Grandfather Gao was the leader of the "Milling Festival" clan, taking the name of the clan and inheriting it from generation to generation. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1333), the upper right corner of the Yu Que Temple Examination Scroll was filled in with "Milling Festival".
Yu Que (1303-1358), born in Luzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui), was descended from the Tang Wu clan of the Western Xia Dynasty, that is, the Dangxiang clan of Liangzhou. Song Lian's "Biography of Yu Zuo Cheng": "Yu Que, the word Tingxin, the word Tianxin, Tang Wushi." Shiju Wuwei.
Yu Que's father, Sha Lazangbu, was an official in Hefei and became a native of Hefei. "In the time of Yu Que's grandfather, the Mongol army expanded its military resources, organized the Tang Wu people in Western Liangzhou into military households, and allocated them to the interior to fight against the Southern Song Army. Yu Que's father was given the official for his merits during the war, and was given the Mongolian name "Shalazang bu" by the Yuan Dynasty and sent to Luzhou to garrison. Shalazangbu had five sons in Luzhou, all of whom changed their Han surnames to Yu, and became the ancestors of the Yu clan in Hefei.
Yu Que, the fourth son of Sharazangbu, lived for many years as a teenager with his father, who was an official in Luzhou. After the death of his father, the family fell in the middle of the road, and in order to serve the elderly mother, he was hired to teach in the Xuegong. During this period, he befriended Zhang Heng, a disciple of the famous theologian Wu Cheng, and exchanged ideas with each other, studied and studied, and made great progress in his studies. In the first year of Emperor Yuanhuizong's reign (1333), he entered the priesthood and served as the Tongzhi of Sizhou, and later entered the dynasty as a Hanlin Yingfeng, and then became the head of the Punishment Department. Unwilling to curry favor with the powerful, he abandoned his official position and went home. Soon, he was recruited by Emperor Huizong of Yuan to serve as a reviser of the Hanlin Academy and participated in the compilation and revision of the three histories of Song, Liao, and Jin. After that, he served as the inspector of imperial history and served as the left and right Shiro naka of Huguanghang Province.
Third, the end of the hero, the song of sorrow in the Yuan Dynasty
In the twelfth year of Zhengzheng (1352), peasant rebels spread all over Jianghuai, and Chen Youyi occupied the Two Lakes region. The imperial court appointed Yu Que as the deputy governor of Huaixi Xuanwei and the marshal of the capital of Youdu, and divided his troops to garrison Anqing. During this period, in addition to stepping up military training and repairing city defenses, Yu Que also reclaimed wasteland and replenished military food, thus reducing the burden on the people. When a famine occurred in the local area, he donated his own money to buy rice to help the poor and disaster-stricken people, and raised 30,000 ingots of money to help the disaster victims produce to help themselves and resume production. Later, he was promoted to marshal of the capital and Zuo Cheng of Huainan Province, and was stationed in Anqing.
In October of the seventeenth year of Emperor Huizong of Yuan (1357), Chen Youyu led an army down the river east, defeated the Yuan army Boyan at Xiaogushan, and pursued it all the way to Anqing, where he attacked the city several times, but was repelled by Yu Que. Chen Youyu then mobilized all his forces and attacked on all sides. Yu Que and the generals were guarded by separate troops, supervising the battle day and night, and were wounded more than ten times. He held Anqing for seven years, after dozens of battles, when Huaidong and Huaixi were occupied by the Red Turban Army, and only Anqing was the complete city. The imperial court appointed Yu Que as the marshal of the capital, transferred to huainan province to participate in the government affairs, and gave him two kinds of clothing. In the eighteenth year of Zhengzheng (1358), on the seventh day of the first lunar month, the city was destroyed, and Yu Que was humiliated by being captured, so he killed himself with a blade and sank himself in the clear water pond outside the west gate of Anqing, and his wives, concubines, and children all threw themselves into the well and died.
After Yu Que was martyred, Chen You, feeling sorry for his righteousness, was buried outside the west gate of Anqing City. Emperor Huizong of Yuan gave Huainan and other officials the political affairs of Zhongshu Province Pingzhang, and was posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Fengguo and Zhongxuan. At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to commend, and there was a portrait of Si Jianci, who was sacrificed when he was old. The Daguan Pavilion on the side of the Yuque Tomb in Present-day Anqing City, or Daguanlou, is known as the "First Scenic Spot in Anhui Province", and the literati of the past generations have left a large number of poems and yanglian to commemorate the loyal and righteous deeds of Zhongxuangong. Yu Que was associated with the Northern Song Dynasty Bao Zheng and the Ming Dynasty Zhou Xi, and was known as the "Three Sages of Luyang".
Because of Yu Que's merits, moral character, learning, and the influence of later generations, "Zhongxuan Que Gong" was posthumously recognized as the ancestor of the Yu clan of Hefei, with the name of Zhongxuantang, and Wuwei was also recognized as the hereditary residence (Junwang) of the Yu clan.
Fourth, Confucianism will be styled, and poetry will be passed down to the world
Yu Que was born in a family of eunuchs, with a strong foundation in scripture, the Five Classics are all annotated, and there is a good literary accomplishment, poetry and calligraphy are excellent, the articles are profound, the seal is elegant, and there are many excellent poems, which are evaluated by posterity as Bao Zhao and Yin Zheng.
Yu Que was one of the few writers of the Xiang ethnic minority in the Yuan Dynasty who had a collection of poems. On the one hand, he firmly believed in science and cultivated traditional Chinese culture with Chinese characters as the carrier; on the other hand, he was attacked by the chaotic world of the last dynasty, serving as a military general, fighting with Chen Youyi's peasant army, struggling to support the crisis, trying to turn the tide of the tide from both falling, and finally dying, the fusion of his life and cultivation, coupled with the fashion of retro literary style, caused Yu Que's poetry to imitate the Six Dynasties, fresh and bright, and contained the smell of science; the article was deep and concise, referring to Chen Pain, compared with the wind of the Tang Dynasty Lu Zhen and the soft last-day sound of the late Yuan Dynasty literati Confucian mourning death. It's not the same. There is a collection of essays "Qingyang Collection" passed down and included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book".
Fifth, the stele spread poetry, and the remembrance is endless
Yu Que was originally a man of letters, but he led the soldiers to fight with strict orders, discipline was rectified, he could share happiness and hardship with his subordinates, he was born into death, he was deeply loved and trusted by soldiers, and he was a rare Confucian general, and his heroic style and moral articles were admired by many celebrities in later generations. After Yu Que was martyred, posterity wrote biographies for his jigong.
Famous poets and writers Yang Weizhen and Song Lian of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties respectively wrote biographies of them; others, such as Ming Xie Qian's "Record of The Temple of Yu Zhongxuan", Ming Luoying's "Monument to the New YuZhongxuan Gong Dajiefang", Qing Jin Fu's "Monument to the Rebuilding of the Zhongxuan Yugong Ancestral Hall", Qing Xu Guoxiang's "Monument to the Reconstruction of the Grand View Pavilion", Qing Pei Zongxi's "Record of the Rebuilding of the Yuzhong Xuangong Ancestral Hall", and Ning Kun's "Record of the Rebuilding of the Tomb of Lady Lie" of the Republic of China, respectively recorded his deeds from different angles and cherished his merits.
Later celebrities such as Liu Ji, Wang Mian, Yuan Ming, Zhao Yi, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Peng Yulin, Huang Jingren, etc. or LiChuan compositions (ancestral records, inscriptions), or poems and lyrics, to show remembrance and hanging. Here are a few excerpts to illustrate the following:
Ming Liu Ji's "Qinyuan Spring": Between the heavens and the earth, people do not die, and the festival of death is difficult. Envious of heroic wizards, living in Huaidian, the teenager Dengdi, worshiping Jin Luan. Face of adultery and greed, command the wind and rain, Mr. Humane Iron Lung Liver. Ordinary life affairs, help the poor and the poor, save the stubborn. Qing Ming should inherit Wen Shan and make Lian Cowardly feel cold and cold. Want to fight in a lonely city, everyone is dying, closing the door to resist the festival, who is not bitter. The sword is buried in light, the starlight is discolored, and the dew wet flag is not dry. Such as the public, gold is difficult to cast, white Bi who finished.
Yuan Wang Mian "Bo An Qing Hang Yu Zhong Xuan Gong": Chi Zhi south to embrace the upstream, Dan Xin north to look alone and leisurely. Kanto raced to chase after Qin deer, and JiMo fu was annoyed with setting fire to cattle. Ten thousand miles a city three enemies, a lone army of a hundred battles and seven autumns. The tears of heroes throughout the ages are empty, and the Yangtze River is rolling.
Ming Li Ti "Hanging Yu Zhongxuan Gong": The tomb of the hero under Longshu City, I solemnly dressed in front of the temple. Shiraishi has a big festival of books, and Aoyama has no mouth to say that year. But in the book, the most bitter general took the armor to sleep. Once the ancients honored the public and died, there is no need for public pity in this dynasty.
Qing Zhao Yi's "Anhui Kou Gurudwara Yu Zhongxuan Cemetery": The mountains and rivers in the table must be fought, and RuGuan once guarded the isolated city. Ling Yun still spat out his qi, and the river waves sounded like war drums. The chaos of the world has become a giant, and the time is dangerous to produce students. Poor hammer surrendered to the courtiers, and Qianzai should be ashamed to guard the temple.
Qing Jiang Shiquan's "Yu Zhongxuan Cemetery": The lonely city is undefendable, and the strength is exhausted in front of the river. The blood is green, and the rest of the mourning is smoked. In full danger, Zhi Sui family heirloom. The relics of Tuan Luan are paired, and the heroic spirit is still cool.
Yuan Ren Jia Boliang wrote the "Chronicle of the Death of Yu Zhongxuan". The stele is referred to as "Yu Que Stele", written in August of the year after Yu Que's martyrdom, briefly describing Yu Que's origin, his meritorious name and related experiences, and describing in detail his outstanding performance in the anqing defense war and the feats of the whole family's death. The author believes that "there are Yuan Shi Ke Zhi Shi, Chinese and foreign writers of literature and martial arts gong she Ji, the calendar can be remembered ... Those who can defend the imperial county are all famous, and shoushu shuai Yu Gong Tingxin is only one person. "The annals of history of Ji have only been from the ancient zhonglie, Tang Tour, Yuan, song Wen Tianxiang. If Wu Yu Gong Ting's heart, Zhong Guangyue's aura, there is an all-rounder of literature and martial arts... When the autumn is difficult, the merits of the battle and defense, there are few two... Unyielding, seeing death as a homecoming, especially what others can't reach... And the wife of the Duke, if the son is like a daughter, the righteousness of a door, and the one who has nothing in the world. "The inscription is of great value for a comprehensive understanding of Yu Que and his poetic achievements and the significance of martyrdom.
Sixth, after the light is before and after, the "residual pulse" is passed on forever
In March 1981, the famous Western Xia scholars Shi Jinbo and Wu Fengyun went to the Qingyang Mountains of Luzhou to investigate and search for the descendants of the Tang Wu people of the Yuan Dynasty, found the descendants of Yu Que, and saw the "Yu Clan Genealogy" rebuilt in 1940, with the words "Zhongxuan Gong" and "Liangzhou Fu" printed on the title page. Through investigation and search, it was confirmed that the Wuwei Western Xia people had migrated to Jiangnan, and Yu Que's ancestral home was Liangzhou, Gansu during the Western Xia, and his father Sha Lazang bu came to Luzhou with an army from Liangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty.
Yu Qiuyu, a contemporary cultural celebrity, was born in 1946 in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, and after graduating from the Shanghai Theater Academy, he engaged in theater culture and published many famous essays such as "Cultural Journey". He has repeatedly stated in some prose works and speeches that his ancestors were a Wuwei man. In May 2010, in his essay "I Can't Wait", he wrote: "With an intuition that is difficult to express, I guess that my family should be after Yu Que and Yu Yuan... My ancestors were the Tang Wu people who originated in the ancient Qiang people, even if only from the traces in the Wuwei area of Gansu Province, from them to us, all the way to life and death experience, it is really worthy of moving the heavens and the earth, weeping ghosts and gods. On October 9, 2013, at the beginning of his speech at the "Silk Road Summit Cultural Forum" in Lanzhou, he said: "My ancestor's hometown, after my research, is in Wuwei, Gansu. On September 16, 2017, in his speech at the "Liangzhou Cultural Forum", he said again that his "yu vein" was related to Wuwei, and his life gene must be related to Liangzhou.
After Yu Que was martyred, his youngest son Yu Yuan was raised in the twenty-ninth year of Ming Hongwu (1396) and gave the Teachings of Miyun County (see "Jiaqing Hefei County Chronicle and Election Table"), and his descendants multiplied into the Wang clan in Hefei and other places in Anhui Province, and his descendants lived in Zhejiang and other places, Yu Qiuyu was a descendant of the Yu clan in Zhejiang, and later celebrities such as Yu Guangzhong, Yu Yingshi, Yu Hanmou, Yu Jiaxi, Yu Qiuli, etc.
Wuwei is the recognized hereditary residence of the Yu clan (Junwang), And Yu Que is indeed a Wuwei Western Xia, but its descendants are mainly multiplied and spread throughout Jiangnan, of course, it is not excluded that people with the surname Yu from all over Jiangnan return to the northwest. Therefore, there are both Yu Que descendants and Yu surnames from other Han Yu clans and ethnic minorities.
About author:Wang Qiying Liangzhou cultural scholar. Graduated from Northwest Normal University in 1982, he has been engaged in education and party and government work for a long time, and has served as the director of the Liangzhou District Government Office and the editor-in-chief of Wuwei City Chronicle. He has edited and published many works, such as "Wuwei Golden Stone Record", "Western Pearl Liangzhou", "Lovely Liangzhou", "Liangzhou Historical and Cultural Essays", "Selected Poems of Yongliang in Past Dynasties", "Outline of Wuwei Characteristic Culture", "Outline of Wuwei Ethnic Minorities" (co-authored), etc.; he has participated in the compilation, revision, and circulation of more than 20 local chronicles and local literature materials, and published dozens of articles in newspapers and periodicals. He was awarded the Advanced Worker of Local History in Gansu Province and the Advanced Worker of National Care for the Next Generation.
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