The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were generally open-minded, especially the early emperors were bold. From being emperors to general ministers, there was no narrow national concept of the dynasties of the past and the future. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin even said: "Since ancient times, all of them have been noble in China, and they have been humble and loved as one, so their seeds and fallen are like their parents." Minister Wen Yanbo also said: "Confucius said: 'There is no class in teaching,' and if you save him from death, he will be given a living karma and the ritual of salvation, and after a few years, he will be our people." Therefore, they implemented the policy of "Yan Wu Xiuwen, Bude Shi Hui, and China's Anyuan people obey themselves". The Zizhi Tongjian also records that in March of the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), "the Four YiJun Changyi Que invited Shang to be the Heavenly Khan." Shang: 'I am the Son of Heaven of the Tang Dynasty, and I am the Khan of the Descending Dynasty?' Qunchen and Siyi are called long live. Later, Emperor Taizong gave the seals of the kings and chiefs of all ethnic groups in the western regions and the north, and all of them called themselves "Heavenly Khans."
The Tang people's thinking was inseparable from the historical environment at that time. For hundreds of years before the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minorities such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Xiang, Clan, and Qiang entered the Central Plains, and various ethnic groups influenced and integrated with each other, with unprecedented pluralism of ideologies and concepts, the concept of a great nation gradually weakening, and ideology no longer bounded by the narrow concept of the Han nationality. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were deeply influenced by this concept and had no defense against Huayi. For example, Gaozu Li Yuan's mother and wife, and Emperor Taizong's wife were all Xianbei. Some scholars believe that Li's ancestors were from the Hu clan. Even from the existing texts and pictures, the descendants of the Li clan also have the appearance of Hu people, such as Li Shimin's red beard and beard. This may also be one reason why the rulers of the Tang Dynasty implemented a policy of openness.
After Emperor Taizong, Empress Wu and Emperor Xuanzong basically inherited Emperor Taizong's general policies and implemented an enlightened ethnic policy. These ethnic policies can be broadly summarized in the following areas:
(1) Ethnic minorities in remote areas shall not be discriminated against or despised on the grounds that they have a low degree of social development and certain special or even backward customs.
2. A large number of powerful figures from ethnic minorities at all levels are appointed to serve as officials in the DPRK. Many civil and military officials of the Tang Dynasty were from ethnic minorities, such as Yu Zhining and Gao Shilian, who were Xianbei people, and Wei Chi Jingde, who was a Tuguhun person...
3. Implement the policy of "peace and affinity". At that time, the Tiele, Tubo, Tuguhun, Xianbei, Turkic, Khitan and other ethnic minorities were all "peaceful and intimate" with the Tang.
4. Strengthen exchanges among various ethnic groups. The unique products of ethnic minorities, such as white laminated cloth, fine stallions, wine, etc. of the Western Regions and other ethnic groups, music and dance, sculpture, painting and medicine in culture and art have all been imported into the Central Plains with the people who migrated inwards, and have become the common wealth of all ethnic groups.
5. Establish a system of provinces and prefectures. The ethnic minorities who are unified, mainly in the border areas, are divided into governor's offices, prefectures, and counties. The imperial court canonized the local leaders of various ethnic groups as governors, assassins, and county orders, and implemented a hereditary system. The tributes and editions in these areas generally did not include the central household department, but the leaders of the ethnic minorities who were appointed had to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty on a regular basis, and they also had to carry out the orders of the imperial court, send troops to the imperial court to requisition and go on expeditions, and undertake the "official affairs" issued by the imperial court. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 800 prefectures and prefectures in the country, and some of them also had the setting of the governor's mansion. A small number of counties have also been established under the state. All prefectures and prefectures may govern according to their own customs.
In the Tang Dynasty, the ethnic minorities living in the territory mainly included Turks, Uighurs, Tubo, Nanzhao, and Jing. The relations between the Han nationality and the peoples of various ethnic minorities have become increasingly close and inseparable, and ethnic integration has been further strengthened.