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Today we are hearing about the history of the new language section, let's listen to those things about history
Author and narrator Zhai Hengshui Clip: Zhang Zhiyuan
About the Author:
Zhai Hengshui, one of the founders of Qilu Evening News, a professor-level senior journalist, has been in the news industry for more than 30 years, a member of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, and a painter of Shandong Minjin Calligraphy and Painting Institute. He is good at research in the fields of human history, stock market investment, health care, and landscape painting. The concept of human life, the teaching of nature.
WeChat: zhs13001700999 (wise man loves water)
Hello dear listeners! Today's good listening to the "History Speaks New Language" column to tell you about one of the largest unjust cases in history, and the protagonist of the unjust case is called Yu Qian. Don't misunderstand Ha, this Yu Qian is not the famous cross-talk actor Yu Qian teacher of the Deyun Society, although the two have the same name and the same surname, and they are celebrities, but this is not the other is Qian, the difference between the two is 571 years old.
Yu Qian in our story today is a famous loyal minister and national hero of the Ming Dynasty, and the male protagonist of the "biggest unjust case in history".
(Yu Qian's image in film and television dramas)
So, how did the Great Loyal Minister Yu Qian die? Why was it that after trying to save the emperor and save the Ming Dynasty from the "Jing Kang Disaster" of the Song Dynasty, it was killed by the emperor instead? Why do historians think that his death is worse than Yue Fei's?
To decipher these historical questions, we must start with the two major historical events of the "Tumu fort incident" and the "change in the door".
The "Tumubao Incident" Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen was captured
In June of the fourteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1449), the Master of The Wallachians also violated the rules and invaded the territory of others, and Emperor Mingyingzong, despite the persuasion of his courtiers, at the instigation of the eunuch Wang Zhen, led more than 100,000 troops to march in person, and the Northern Expedition to Walla, making the two-year-old crown prince Zhu Jianshen the crown prince, so that his half-brother Zhu Qiyu remained behind.
On the road of the Northern Expedition, military and political affairs were arbitrarily decided by the eunuch Wang Zhen, who was under the command of Wang Zhen, and the marching route changed repeatedly, making the soldiers tired. When they reached the fort, the hungry and thirsty sergeants mutinied, and the Wala army took the opportunity to attack. The Ming army was hastily defeated, and 66 ministers, including Shangshu Kuang and Hubu Shangshu Wang Zuo, were killed in battle, and Emperor Yingzong Zhuqi was captured.
After Emperor Yingzong was captured, the imperial court was in chaos, and the court could not be left without a monarch for a day, and under the crisis, Zhu Qiyu, who remained behind, was elected as the new emperor by the courtiers, and was for Emperor Mingzong (later known as Emperor Jingtai), and still established Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen's eldest son Zhu Jianshen as crown prince. History is called the "Tumu fort incident".
Later, Yu Qian, who was then a soldier's attendant, successfully resisted the enemy and negotiated peace with The Wara, and the leader of the Walla also saw that Zhu Qi Town was useless, so he agreed to release Zhu Qi Town.
Here's the problem! Zhu Qizhen was rescued, but his younger brother Zhu Qiyu had already become emperor, and a court could not have two emperors!
At this time, Zhu Qiyu not only did not want to abdicate, but also said to the ministers: "I am not coveting the throne, and it was you who pushed me to the throne in the first place." All of a sudden, the responsibility was put on the ministers, which meant, "You can't let me go up, let me go down!" Not only that, Zhu Qiyu also abolished Zhu Qizhen's son Zhu Jianshen and made his own son Zhu Jianji crown prince.
In this way, what should the "Emperor Brother" Zhu Qizhen do? Won't let him come back?
After the minister stated the pros and cons, Zhu Qiyu still decided to welcome Zhu Qizhen back to the Beijing Division, but was placed under house arrest in the Nangong Palace, honored as the Emperor Taishang, and let the Jinyi guards strictly control Zhu Qizhen, and the palace door was not only locked, but also filled with lead in the keyhole, and the food could only be delivered by a small hole.
The "Change of The Gate" Yingzong was accidentally restored
Seven years after the "Emperor's brother" Zhu Qizhen was placed under house arrest, in the seventh year of Jingtai (1456), Shi Heng, who had made great contributions to the fight against The Wallachians, began to plot for the restoration of Zhu Qizhen for his own interests, and prepared for the actions of the eunuchs Cao Jixiang, Taichangqing Xu Bin, and Xu Youzhen.
(Portrait of Zhu Qizhen)
On the night of the sixteenth day of the first month of that year, Xu Youzhen changed into his imperial clothes, left home with a nervous and nervous mood, and before leaving, he confessed to his wife and daughter: "I am going to do a big thing, and it is a blessing for the country to accomplish it, and if I can't do it, the Xu family will be destroyed." Prepare yourself. ”
After going out, Xu Youzhen invited Yang Shan and Wang Ji as his party. Both Yang Shan and Wang Ji said that they would repay emperor Taishang with their deaths. Wang Ji was already in his seventies at the time, and not only did he personally put on his armor and get on the horse, but he also took his son and grandson with him. After the three parties met Qi Shiheng's uncle and nephew and Cao Jixiang's uncle and nephew, they all marched to the imperial city. Shi Heng was in charge of the key to the Imperial City, so he was able to pass unimpeded and successfully reached the Nangong.
However, the Nangong Palace Gate was unusually strong and could not be opened. Shi Heng sent people to hang a huge wooden rope, and dozens of people lifted the wood together and slammed the door. The door did not open, but the wall was first shaken out of a large hole. The crowd rushed in from the cave.
Zhu Qizhen was not sleeping at this time, he was reading, when he suddenly saw a large number of people breaking in, and he thought that his brother had sent someone to kill himself, and he couldn't help but panic. Who expected the crowd to shout in unison long live? The terrified Zhu Qizhen asked, "Could it be that you asked me to reset?" This matter needs to be careful. ”
A group of people came to the Donghua Gate, and the soldiers guarding the gate stepped forward to stop them. Zhu Qizhen stood up and revealed his identity as Emperor Taishang. The soldiers guarding the gate were dumbfounded and did not dare to stop them. Therefore, the soldiers entered the palace without bloodshed, and quickly helped Zhu Qizhen to the throne of the Fengtian Temple.
Shi Heng rang the bell and drum and summoned the courtiers to come.
(Portrait of Zhu Qiyu)
At this time, the sky was already faintly bright, and all the ministers had already waited outside the noon gate because Zhu Qiyu had explained in advance that they were going to come to the court today. After hearing the bells and drums chiming in unison, the crowd walked into the Fengtian Gate in order. But everything in front of them stunned them, and the emperor on the throne was no longer the Jing Emperor Zhu Qiyu, but the emperor Zhu Qizhen eight years ago. At the moment when everyone was hesitating, Xu Youzhen stood up and shouted: "The Emperor Taishang has been restored!" Zhu Qizhen announced to the hundred officials: "Emperor Jingtai Zhu Qiyu is seriously ill, and the group of ministers is reinstated, and each of you still holds the original official position." When the courtiers saw this, they had no choice but to kneel down and pay homage to the shrine. In this way, Zhu Qizhen regained the throne.
What was Zhu Qiyu doing at this time? When Zhu Qizhen re-sat on the throne, Zhu Qiyu was freshening up in the palace to prepare for the dynasty, when he suddenly heard the bell beating the drum in front of him. After a few moments, the eunuch replied that the Emperor Taishang had been reinstated, and Zhu Qiyu said three times: "Good, good, good." Then he took a few breaths and went back to bed, facing the wall and falling asleep.
After only a little more than a month, Zhu Qiyu died, and shi Chinese New Year's Eve, buried in Xishan with the prince's ceremony, destroying the Shou Mausoleum he built, and his concubines were also given death and martyrdom.
This is the famous "change of the door" in history, also known as the "Restoration of the Southern Palace".
Why was Yu Qian, the hero who welcomed back Emperor Yingzong, killed instead
After the "change of the door", what was surprising was that Yu Qian, who had successfully resisted the Wallachians and taken back the town of Yingzong Zhuqi, was killed!
After Emperor Yingzong's successful restoration, Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, and others arrested and imprisoned Qian and Wang Wen, a scholar at the time, and then framed Yu Qian and others for wanting to replace the crown prince. Yu Qian did not argue much, believing that this was a conspiracy of Shi Heng and others, and that arguing was not beneficial.
After the case was finalized, Shi Xiang, Xu Youzhen, and others asked whether they wanted to be executed by Qian. At first, Emperor Yingzong was still hesitating, worried that the killing of the meritorious minister would be criticized, and Xu Youzhen firmly said: "If you do not kill Yu Qian, the matter of restoration will be unknown." So Emperor Yingzong made up his mind to kill Yu Qian and exile his family.
Judging from this record, Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others were deliberate on killing Yu Qian, and Yingzong could not bear it.
In fact, there were many reasons for Yu Qian's death, one was that Yu Qian's own temper was too rigid, which offended many ministers of the DPRK. For example, during the change of Tumu Fort, Yu Qian angrily rebuked Xu Youzhen, who advocated the imperial court moving south, which made him lose face and almost ruin his career, so Xu Youzhen held a grudge against Qian.
(Portrait of Yu Qian)
Another example is that in order to repay Yu Qian's kindness to himself, Shi Heng recommended Yu Qian's son Yu Mian in front of the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu, but Yu Qian did not appreciate it, but instead accused Shi Heng of slapping his ass in front of the Jingtai Emperor, and the relationship between the two became frozen.
The reason why Yu Qian offended the courtiers was also related to the absolute trust of the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu in him.
When the Jingtai Emperor employed people, he must privately consult Yu Qian's opinions, and Yu Qian had a heart of impartiality for the country, did not avoid personal grievances, and told the truth. As a result, those officials who were not elected were full of resentment toward Qian, and other ministers were jealous of Qian's status and prestige.
In addition, the most important thing is that Yu Qian's death is ultimately to maintain the political order and social beliefs of the imperial dynasty, and to bring himself the disaster of killing.
At the time of the change of Tumubao, the country was in danger, and Emperor Liyingzong's 2-year-old son Zhu Jianshen, although it was in line with the etiquette, was not conducive to solving the political and military problems encountered at that time. Therefore, Yu Qian put forward the theory of "the society is heavy, and the king is light", and supported the second son of Shu, Zhu Qiyu, to ascend the throne and let the Ming Dynasty survive the crisis.
When the crisis is over and the whole society is stable, people will reconsider the question of legitimacy and will seek opportunities to maintain it. Yu Qian's own performance in the change of the door also proves this.
When Xu Youzhen and Shi Heng plotted to seize the door, someone came to tell Yu Qian that Yu Qian was holding heavy troops at the time, and it was easy to destroy their plot, but Yu Qian chose to let it go. After the restoration of Emperor Yingzong, he calmly went to the court and was willing to listen to the disposition.
In the case of Emperor Jingtai's serious illness and his son's death, Yu Qian knew that letting Emperor Yingzong restore the throne was the best option at that time, and that the restoration of Emperor Yingzong would not only have legitimacy, but also reduce the idea that some ambitious courtiers would try to use the throne to start a struggle for their own benefit, which was conducive to the stability of the country's society.
For the sake of the country's society, Yu Qian is willing to be a martyr, which is the reason why Yu Qian must die and calmly go to death.
Yue Fei was wrongfully killed on the charge of "false accusations", while Yu Qian was killed by the emperor and those in power, so historians believe that Yu Qian died more unjustly than Yue Fei.
Eight years later, Yu Qian was rehabilitated and built a court in Beijing.
Yu Qian died generously in order to rebuild social order and Chinese social civilization, and like Yue Fei, he is a national hero and deserves the eternal admiration of our descendants.
Well, today's good to listen to a little "history to say new language" to everyone here, thank you for listening.